Royalism, Religion and Revolution: Wales, 1640-1688

284 Pages·2021·1.521 MB·English

by  Sarah Ward Clavier

STUDIES IN EARLY MODERN CULTURAL,
POLITICAL AND SOCIAL HISTORY
Volume 42
ROYALISM, RELIGION AND REVOLUTION
Studies in Early Modern Cultural, Political and Social History
ISSN: 1476–9107
Series editors
Tim Harris – Brown University
Stephen Taylor – Durham University
Andy Wood – Durham University
Previously published titles in the series
are listed at the back of this volume
ROYALISM, RELIGION AND
REVOLUTION
WALES, 1640–1688

Sarah Ward Clavier
THE BOYDELL PRESS
© Sarah Ward Clavier 2021
All Rights Reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation
no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system,
published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast,
transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means,
without the prior permission of the copyright owner
The right of Sarah Ward Clavier to be identified as
the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with
sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
First published 2021
The Boydell Press, Woodbridge
ISBN 978-1-78327-640-0 (hardback)
ISBN 978-1-80010-310-8 (ePDF)
The Boydell Press is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd
PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK
and of Boydell & Brewer Inc.
668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620–2731, USA
website: www.boydellandbrewer.com
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy of
URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and
does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate
or appropriate.
Cover image: Detail from stumpwork depicting Charles I (1600–49) and Charles
II (1630–85) c.1750–75 (embroidery). © Bridgeman Images.
To my wonderful mum and dad, Janice and Roland Ward,
for all their love and support.

Contents
Acknowledgements ix
List of Abbreviations xi
Map of North-East Wales xii
Introduction 1
Part 1. Welsh Historical Culture
1 How Was History Written in Wales? 25
2 The Character and Purpose of Welsh Historical Culture 44
3 Connecting Welsh Historical Culture 60
4 Thomas Mostyn: Collections, Historical Writing, and Welsh Identity 78
Part 2. Religion
5 The Welshness of the Church of England 97
6 The North-East Welsh Gentry and Their Catholic Neighbours 115
7 Puritanism and the North-East Welsh Gentry, 1640–88 127
8 Sir Thomas Hanmer: Episcopalian Squire or ‘Church-Papist’? 143
Part 3. Royalism and Loyalism
9 Loyalty in the Region and the Nation 161
10 Royalism 179
11 North-East Welsh Royalism and Loyalism, 1660–85 196
12 Robert Davies III: Royalism and Loyalism in North-East Wales 209
Epilogue 223
Bibliography 243
Index 261
vii

Acknowledgements
This book has accompanied me through a new job, a move to a new place, and
a global pandemic. While my hardships in these situations have been minimal,
the love, kindness, and support of others has been vital in seeing the project
through to the end. In the academic world, I have been lucky to benefit from
the mentoring, friendship, and knowledge of some of the best: first mention
must always go to Grant Tapsell, who has been there since the beginning of
the project. At various times, and in various places, the following people have
been a huge help and inspiration: Stephen Roberts, Clive Holmes, Alex Gajda,
Steve Gunn, Jon Healey, Thomas Charles Edwards, Bethan Jenkins, Sarah
Mortimer, David Scott, Ann Hughes, Peter Lake, Ken Fincham, Isaac Stephens,
and Lyndal Roper. Ben Guy, Huw Pryce, and Daniel Woolf were kind enough
to read this book in its infancy and allow me early views of their own work.
Shaun Evans and Mary Chadwick have shared with me the kind of conversa-
tions (and laughter) that only Welsh historians can provide. Elizabeth Biggs and
Eilish Gregory have given their time and loving advice to make the book better.
My ‘ducky’ UWE colleagues Laura Harrison, Martin Simpson, and Rose Wallis
provided love, laughter, and memes in interesting times. Huge thanks also to
Kent and Gudrun Fedorowich for putting me up (and putting up with me!)
so often in your wonderful home. My thanks to the archivists and librarians
at record offices, libraries, archives, and heritage sites in Wales, England, and
the USA. Thanks also to Richard Davies-Cooke, Miranda Dechazal, and Lord
Mostyn for allowing me into their homes and libraries to investigate the deeds
of their ancestors, and to Elizabeth Sass for kindly permitting me to view the
Hanmer snuffbox.
The value of good friendship is impossible to describe without cliché.
Katie McKeogh, Catherine Vallejo Veiga, and John Nelson are, however, the
best friends anyone could ever desire. Listening to real and imagined woes,
providing (virtual) tea and cake, and warmth and happiness throughout the last
five years has been no mean task, but they have fulfilled it like champions. Last
but not least, to my family, who have put up with my obsessive research and
conversation about Welsh gentlemen, religion, and royalism. My father, Roland
Ward, remains my inspiration in all things – I can only aspire to his gentleness,
kindness and concern, and passion for his region and heritage. My mum, Janice
Ward, has kept me going through the tough times and made me laugh in the
good ones. Peter Brown has perpetually encouraged and cared for me, and Alice
Ward has offered wise words and counsel. To Cuthbert, Humphrey, Hobbes,
Molly, and Pip, your warmth, listening ears, and active legs were essential.
ix