ROUTLEDGE LIBRARY EDITIONS: ARCHAEOLOGY Volume 30 THE IRON AGE IN LOWLAND BRITAIN This page intentionally left blank THE IRON AGE IN LOWLAND BRITAIN D. W. HARDING Firstpublishedin1974 Thiseditionfirstpublishedin2015 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN andbyRoutledge 711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©1974D.W.Harding Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedinany formorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented, includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem, withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks, andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-1-138-79971-4(Set) eISBN:978-1-315-75194-8(Set) ISBN:978-1-138-81372-4(Volume30) eISBN:978-1-315-74794-1(Volume30) Publisher’sNote Thepublisherhasgonetogreatlengthstoensurethequalityofthisbookbutpointsoutthat someimperfectionsfromtheoriginalmaybeapparent. Disclaimer Thepublisherhasmadeeveryefforttotracecopyrightholdersandwouldwelcome correspondencefromthosetheyhavebeenunabletotrace. The Iron Age in Lowland Britain D. W. Harding Routledge & Kegan Paul London and Boston First published in 1974 by Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd Broadway House, 68-74 Carter Lane London EC4V 5EL and 9 Park Street Boston, Mass. 02108, U.S.A. Printed in Great Britain by Butler & Tanner Ltd, Frome and London © D. W. Harding 1974 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher, except for the quotation of brief passages in criticism ISBN o 7100 7677 o Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 73-86575 First published as a paperback in 1985 ISBN 0 7102 0683 6 To Eric Birley This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface page xvii I BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1 Culture, chronology, classification 3 II SETTLEM ENT AND SOCIETY 2 Enclosure types and structural patterns 21 3 House types: round and rectangular 37 4 Fortifications and warfare 54 5 Economy, industry and crafts 77 6 Celtic religion and ceremonial monuments 96 7 Burials and funerary practices 113 III M ATERIAL REMAINS AND CHRONOLOGY 8 The late Bronze Age problem and the transition to the early Iron Age 129 9 The primary Iron Age: native, refugee, colonist? 134 10 The early La Tene phase: the ‘Marnian’ problem 157 11 The middle La Tene phase: consolidation and insular developments 177 12 The late La Tene phase: the Belgic invasions 201 IV HISTORICAL SUMMARY 13 Invasion, commercial diffusion or insular evolution? 229 Abbreviations 233 Bibliography 234 Index 251 vii
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