Routledge international encyclopedia of women: global women's issues and knowledge. Volume 3, Identity politics-publishing PDF
Preview Routledge international encyclopedia of women: global women's issues and knowledge. Volume 3, Identity politics-publishing
Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women Global Women’s Issues and Knowledge Volume 3 Identity Politics—Publishing Editorial Board General Editors Cheris Kramarae Dale Spender University of Oregon University of Queensland United States Australia Topic Editors ARTS AND LITERATURE HEALTH, REPRODUCTION, Ailbhe Smyth AND SEXUALITY University College, Dublin Dianne Forte RELIGION AND SPIRITUALITY Ireland Boston Women’s Health Book Sister Mary John Mananzan Collective Saint Scholastica’s College, Liz Ferrier United States Manila University of Queensland Australia HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION OF FEMINISM Leigh Star Angharad Valdivia Maggie Humm University of California, University of Illinois University of East London San Diego United States England United States ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES Ingar Palmlund Joan Mencher Linköping University VIOLENCE AND PEACE Sweden City University of New York Evelyne Accad United States University of Illinois at Urbana- ECONOMY AND DEVELOPMENT Champaign Cora V.Baldock POLITICS AND THE STATE United States Murdoch University Nira Yuval-Davis Australia University of Greenwich England WOMEN’S STUDIES EDUCATION Caryn McTighe Musil Gill Kirkup Shirin M.Rai American Association of Open University University of Warwick Colleges and Universities, England England Washington, D.C. United States Honorary Editorial Advisory Board Nirmala Banerjee Phyllis Hall Beth Stafford Charlotte Bunch Jenny Kien Chizuko Ueno Hilda Ching Theresia Sauter-Bailliet Gaby Weiner Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women Global Women’s Issues and Knowledge Volume 3 Identity Politics—Publishing Cheris Kramarae and Dale Spender General Editors Routledge New York (cid:127) London NOTICE Some articles in the Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women relate to physical and mental health; nothing in these articles, singly or collectively, is meant to replace the advice and expertise of physicians and other health professionals. Some articles relate to law and legal matters; nothing in any of these articles is meant to replace the advice and expertise of lawyers and other legal professionals. Published in 2000 by Routledge 29 West 35 Street New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. Copyright © 2000 Routledge Published in Great Britain by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in an form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Routledge international encyclopedia of women: global women’s issues and knowledge/general editors, Cheris Kramarae, Dale Spender. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-92088-4 (set)—ISBN 0-415-92089-2 (v.1)— ISBN 0-415-92090-6 (v.2)—ISBN 0-415-92091-4 (v.3)— ISBN 0-415-92092-2 (v.4) 1. Women—Encyclopedias. 2. Feminism—Encyclopedias. I. Title: International encyclopedia of women. II. Kramarea, Cheris. III. Spender, Dale. HQ1115 .R69 2000 305.4´03–dc21 00–045792 ISBN 0-203-80094-X Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-80097-4 (Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0-415-92088-4 (4-volume set) ISBN 0-415-92089-2 (volume 1) ISBN 0-415-92090-6 (volume 2) ISBN 0-415-92091-4 (volume 3) ISBN 0-415-92092-2 (volume 4) Contents Editorial Board ii Alphabetical List of Articles vii The Encyclopedia 1097 Alphabetical List of Articles Ability Archetype Childbirth Abortion Architecture Child care Abuse Armament and militarization Child development Activism Art practice: Feminist Child labor Adolescence Assertiveness training Children’s literature Adoption Autobiographical criticism Christianity Adoption: Mental health issues Autobiography Christianity: Feminist Christology Adultery Automation Christianity: Status of women Advertising in the church Advertising industry Aesthetics: Battery Citizenship Black feminist—A debate Beauty contests and pageants Class Aesthetics: Feminist Bigamy Class and feminism Affirmative action Bioethics: Feminist Cloning Ageism Biography Cohabitation Aging Biological determinism Colonialism and postcolonialism Aging: Japanese case study Biology Commodity culture Agriculture Bisexuality Communications: Overview AIDS and HIV Blackness and whiteness Communications: Audience analysis AIDS and HIV: Case study—Africa Bluestockings Communications: Content and Alternative energy Body discourse analysis Alternative technology: Bookshops Communications: Speech Case study—Africa Borders Communism Altruism Breast Community Anarchism Breast feeding Community politics Anatomy Buddhism Computer science Ancient indigenous cultures: Built environment Computing: Overview Women’s roles Ancient nation-states: Women’s roles Bulimia nervosa Computing: Participatory and Androcentrism Bureaucracy feminist design Androgyny Butch/femme Conflict resolution: Mediation and negotiation Anger Animal rights Cancer Confucianism Anorexia nervosa Capitalism Consciousness-raising Anthropology Caregivers Conservatism Antidiscrimination Cartoons and comics Constitutions Antiracist and civil rights movements Caste Contraception Anti-Semitism Celibacy: Religious Contraceptives: Development Apartheid, segregation, and Celibacy: Secular Conversation ghettoization Censorship Cooking Archaeology Census Cosmetic surgery Archaeology: Northern European Charity Cosmetics case study Chastity Courtship vii ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ARTICLES Crafts Independent States Pacific Islands Creation stories Development: Japan Education: Central and South Creativity Creed Development: Middle East and the America and the Caribbean Crime and punishment Arab region Education: Chilly climate in the Crime and punishment: Development: North America classroom Case study—Women in prisons Development: South Asia Education: Commonwealth of in the United States Development: Sub-Saharan and Independent States Criminology southern Africa Education: Curriculum in schools Critical and cultural theory Development: Western Europe Education: Distance education Cultural criticism Diaries and journals Education: Domestic science and Cultural studies Difference I home economics Culture: Overview Difference II Education: East Asia Culture: Women as consumers Digital divide Education: Eastern Europe of culture Disability and feminism Education: Gender equity Culture: Women as producers Disability: Elite body Education: Gendered subject choice of culture Disability: Health and sexuality Education: Higher education Curriculum transformation Disability: Quality of life Education: Mathematics movement Disarmament Education: Middle East and North Curse Discipline in schools Africa Cyberspace and virtual reality Discrimination Education: Nonsexist Cyborg anthropology Disease Education: North America Division of labor Education: Online Dance: Overview Divorce Education: Physical Dance: Choreography Domestic labor Education: Political Dance: Classical Domestic technology Education: Preschool Dance: Modern Domestic violence Education: Religious studies Dance: South Asia Dowry and brideprice Education: Science Daughter Drama Education: Single-sex and DAWN movement Dress coeducation Death Drug and alcohol abuse Education: South Asia Deity Drumming Education: Southeast Asia Democracy Education: Southern Africa Democratization Earth Education: Special needs Demography Eating disorders Education: Sub-Saharan Africa Demonization Ecofeminism Education: Technology Depression Economic status: Comparative Education: Vocational Depression: Case study—Chinese analysis Education: Western Europe medicine Economics: Feminist critiques Educators: Higher education Detective fiction Economy: Overview Educators: Preschool Determinism: Economic Economy: Global restructuring Elderly care: Case study—China Development: Overview Economy: History of women’s Elderly care: Case study—India Development: Australia and New participation Elderly care: Western world Zealand Economy: Informal Emancipation and liberation Development: Central and Eastern Economy: Welfare and the movements Europe economy Empowerment Development: Central and South Ecosystem Endocrine disruption America and the Caribbean Écriture féminine Energy Development: China Education: Achievement Engineering Development: Chinese case study— Education: Adult and continuing Entrepreneurship Rural women Education: Antiracist Environment: Overview Development: Commonwealth of Education: Central Pacific and South Environment: Australia and New viii ALPHABETICAL LIST OF ARTICLES Zealand Family life cycle and work Feminism: First-wave British Environment: Caribbean Family planning Feminism: First-wave North Environment: Central and Eastern Family: Power relations and power American Europe structures Feminism: Japan Environment: Central and South Family: Property relations Feminism: Jewish America Family: Religious and legal systems— Feminism: Korea Environment: Commonwealth of Buddhist traditions Feminism: Lesbian Independent States Family: Religious and legal systems— Feminism: Liberal British and Environment: East Asia (China) Catholic and Orthodox European Environment: East Asia (Japan) Family: Religious and legal systems— Feminism: Liberal North American Environment: Middle East East Africa Feminism: Marxist Environment: North Africa Family: Religious and legal systems— Feminism: Middle East Environment: North America Islamic traditions Feminism: Militant Environment: Pacific Islands Family: Religious and legal systems— Feminism: Nineteenth century Environment: South Asia Judaic traditions Feminism: North Africa Environment: South Asian case Family: Religious and legal systems— Feminism: Postmodern study—Forests in India Native North America Feminism: Radical Environment: Southeast Asia Family: Religious and legal systems— Feminism: Second-wave British Environment: Sub-Saharan and Protestant Feminism: Second-wave European southern Africa Family: Religious and legal systems— Feminism: Second-wave North Environment: Western Europe Southern Africa American Environmental disasters Family: Religious and legal systems— Feminism: Socialist Epistemology West Africa Feminism: South Africa Equal opportunities Family structures Feminism: South Asia Equal opportunities: Education Family wage Feminism: Southeast Asia Equality Fascism and Nazism Feminism: Sub-Saharan Africa Equity Fashion Feminism: Third-wave Erotica Female circumcision and genital Femocrat Essentialism mutilation Fertility and fertility treatment Estrogen Femicide Fetus Ethics: Feminist Feminine mystique Fiction Ethics: Medical Femininity Film Ethics: Scientific Feminism: Overview Film criticism Ethnic cleansing Feminism: African-American Film: Lesbian Ethnic studies I Feminism: Anarchist Film theory Ethnic studies II Feminism: Asian-American Finance Ethnicity Eugenics Feminism: Australia and New Fine arts: Overview Eugenics: African-American case Zealand Fine arts: Criticism and art history study—Eugenics and family Feminism: Black British Fine arts: Painting planning Feminism: British Asian Fine arts: Politics of representation Eurocentrism Feminism: Caribbean Fine arts: Sculpture and installation Euthanasia Feminism: Central and South Food and culture Evolution America Food, hunger, and famine Examinations and assessment Feminism: Chicana Fostering: Case study—Oceania Exercise and fitness Feminism: China Friendship Experiments on women Feminism: Commonwealth of Fundamentalism: Religious Independent States Fundamentalism and public policy Fairy tales Feminism: Cultural Furs Faith Feminism: Eastern Europe Future studies Family law Feminism: Eighteenth century Family law: Case study—India Feminism: Existential Gaia hypothesis ix
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