Routledge handbook of politics in Asia

651 Pages·2018·6.579 MB·English

by  Shiping Hua (editor)

Routledge Handbook
of Politics in Asia
The Routledge Handbook of Politics in Asia is designed to serve as a comprehensive reference
guide to politics in Asia. Covering East, South, Southeast, and Central Asia, this handbook
brings together the work of leading international academics to cover the political histories,
institutions, economies, and cultures of the region. Taking a comparative approach, it is
divided into four parts, including:
• A thorough introduction to the politics of the four regions of Asia from the perspec-
tives of democratization, foreign policy, political economy, and political culture.
• An examination of the “Big Three” of Asia – China, India, and Japan – focusing on
issues including post-Mao reform, China’s new world outlook, Indian democracy,
and Japanese foreign policy.
• A discussion of important contemporary issues, such as human rights, the politics of
the internet, security, nationalism, and geopolitics.
• An analysis of the relationship between politics and certain theoretical ideas, such as
Confucianism, Hinduism, socialist constitutionalism, and gender norms.
As an invaluable and all-inclusive resource, this handbook will be useful for students, schol-
ars, researchers, and practitioners of Asian politics and comparative politics.
Shiping Hua is the Calvin and Helen Lang Distinguished Chair in Asian Studies, Professor
of Political Science, and Director of Asian Studies Program at the University of Louisville,
USA.
Professor Shiping Hua has done a superb job in editing this major reference volume. The
Routledge Handbook of Politics in Asia is encyclopedic in coverage. It offers in-depth discussions
of a broad range of topics and themes for major countries and sub-regions of Asia. This is a
must-have volume for every research library.
Professor Dali L. Yang, The University of Chicago, USA
The chapters of this handbook are brilliantly organized. They first provide full and sys-
tematic coverage, in East, Southeast, South, and Central Asia, of all regime types, foreign
policies, development plans, and political cultures. Then they shift to interpretations of na-
tionalism, regionalism, reforms, and diplomacy in three large states: China, India, and Japan.
Pre-modern cultures are shown to have current effects. Anyone interested in Asia absolutely
needs this book.
Professor Lynn T. White III, Princeton University, USA
This handbook, capably edited by Professor Shiping Hua, makes a major contribution to
filling the gap in the general education curriculum. With informative chapters on every-
thing from multilateral trade agreements to gender politics or internet management, all
supplemented by rich graphic data, this book is ideal for courses in comparative politics or
international relations or indeed for all interested readers.
Professor Lowell Dittmer, University of California Berkeley, USA
Routledge Handbook
of Politics in Asia
Edited by Shiping Hua
First published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2018 selection and editorial matter, Shiping Hua; individual chapters,
the contributors
The right of Shiping Hua to be identified as the author of the editorial
material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been
asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs
and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced
or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other
means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Hua, Shiping, 1956-editor.
Title: Routledge handbook of politics in Asia / edited by Shiping Hua.
Description: Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge,
2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017049653 | ISBN 9781138639041 (hardback) |
ISBN 9781315627670 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Asia—Politics and government—1945—Handbooks,
manuals, etc. | Politics, Practical—Asia—Handbooks, manuals, etc. |
Political culture—Asia—Handbooks, manuals, etc.
Classification: LCC JS6950 .R68 2018 | DDC 320.95—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017049653
ISBN: 978-1-138-63904-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-62767-0 (ebk)
Typeset in Bembo
by codeMantra
Contents
List of illustrations ix
Acknowledgments xi
List of abbreviations xii
Notes on contributors xv
1 Introduction to Routledge Handbook of Politics in Asia 1
Shiping Hua
Part I
A comprehensive introduction to comparative Asian politics 13
Democratization: political institutions and processes 14
2 Democratization in East Asia 15
Brian Woodall
3 Democratization and the lack thereof in Southeast Asia 26
Ehito Kimura
4 The state of democracy in South Asia 40
Maya Chadda
5 The fault lines of democratization in Central Asia 61
Mariya Y. Omelicheva
Foreign policy: Asia and the world 75
6 Foreign policies of East Asia 76
Dennis V. Hickey and Dean P. Chen
7 Southeast Asia: Unity in ASEAN 98
Shane J. Barter and Amanda Boralessa
v
Contents
8 The international relations of South Asia 110
Arndt Michael
9 Balancing interests and perceptions: foreign policy in Central Asia 123
Roger Kangas
The developmental state: political economic considerations 140
10 The political economy of East Asian regionalism 141
Linjun Wu
11 Southeast Asian political economy 154
Sarah Y. Tong
12 Political economy of South Asia: commonalities overshadowed
by conflict 171
Amita Batra
13 Central Asia: the political economy of resource dependency 183
Luca Anceschi
The Asian way: political culture and tradition 195
14 Is there still an Asian way? The changing nature of political culture
in East Asia 196
Yu-tzung Chang, Yun-han Chu, and Mark Weatherall
15 Political culture in Southeast Asia: the myth or reality of
authoritarianism? 211
Bridget Welsh and Kai-Ping Huang
16 Political culture and social change in South Asia 224
Subrata Kumar Mitra and La Toya Waha
17 Political culture and traditions in Central Asia:
the “logic” of patrimony 238
Nalin Kumar Mohapatra
Part II
Introducing the major powers in Asia: China, India, and Japan 253
18 China’s post-Mao reforms 255
Chunlong Lu and Ting Yan
vi
Contents
19 China’s foreign policy 273
Baohui Zhang
20 Huaxiaism: a new world view by Mainland China’s political science 283
Ye Zicheng and Zhu Xiaolue; translated by Steven Levine
21 China’s foreign energy policy: from realism to idealism 297
Qinhua Xu
22 India’s democratic adaptations and experiments 307
Ajay K. Mehra
23 India’s foreign policy 330
Shibashis Chatterjee
24 Japan’s foreign policy 344
Sebastian Maslow
Part III
Issues and problems 357
25 Multilateral institutional development in Asia: competing pathways
to regional order 359
Yong Deng
26 Human rights in Asia 373
Li-ann Thio
27 The politics of the Internet and social media in Asia: mobilization,
participation, and retrenchment? 390
Jason P. Abbott
28 The military and politics in Asia 415
Aurel Croissant and David Kuehn
29 The state of democracy in Asia 432
Amy L. Freedman
30 Security in Asian states: theory, practice, and the regional
security landscape 447
Kenneth Boutin
vii
Contents
31 Nationalism in the Asia-Pacific: prejudice and rationality 461
Kam-yee Law
32 Geopolitics and geo-economics in Eurasia and the Indo-Pacific Rim 472
Peter J. Rimmer
33 Structures and solutions: explaining ethnic conflict in
Southeast Asia 490
Joel Selway
34 New regionalism and Eurasia 506
Mikhail A. Molchanov
Part IV
Explaining Asia: theoretical discussions 523
35 Confucianism and the rise of East Asia 525
Jinghao Zhou
36 Is Confucian culture c ompatible with democracy? 537
John Fuh-sheng Hsieh
37 Hinduism and democracy: religion and politicized
religion in India 548
Rina Verma Williams and Nandini Deo
38 Constitutional socialism 562
Yuxin Ma
39 Gender and politics of South Asia 576
Vidyamali Samarasinghe
Conclusion 587
40 The future of Asian political development 588
Peter Moody
Index 605
viii
Illustrations
Figures
14.1 The mean factor score of East Asia 206
15.1 Authoritarian orientation (% of disapproval) 217
15.2 Emphasis of harmony in different spheres 217
15.3 Allocentric orientation of self-interest 218
15.4 Paternalism 219
15.5 Respect for authority 219
15.6 Support for government intervention on equality 220
15.7 Correlation between authoritarian values and level of democracy 220
18.1 Total output values of state-owned enterprises vs. private
enterprises (1998–2010) 260
18.2 Number of state-owned enterprises vs. private enterprises (1998–2010) 261
18.3 Number of persons employed by state-owned enterprises vs. private
enterprises (1998–2010) 261
18.4 Importance of democracy among the Chinese public 266
18.5 Subjective democraticness in own country (China) 267
28.1 Number of military coups in Asia: 1950–2014 420
33.1 Ethnic conflict in Southeast Asia since independence 491
37.1 Lok Sabha seats won by Hindu nationalist political parties in
national elections 550
Maps
32.1 One Belt One Road Initiative 473
32.2 Major economic corridors 475
32.3 Economic corridors 476
32.4 China’s port investments 479
32.5 Indo-Pacific naval ports 480
32.6 South China Sea 482
Tables
11.1 Countries of East, Southeast, and South Asia by income group
(1987–2015) 156
11.2 Gross national income per capita of economies in East, Southeast, and
South Asia (1965–2015) 157
ix