Routledge Handbook of Global Health Security

379 Pages·2014·1.722 MB·English

by  Simon Rushton, Jeremy Youde

ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK OF GLOBAL
HEALTH SECURITY
This new handbook presents an overview of cutting-edge research in the growing field of global
health security.
Over the past decade, the study of global health and its interconnection with security has become
a prominent and rapidly growing field of research. Ongoing debates question whether health and
security should be linked; which (if any) health issues should be treated as security threats; what
should be done to address health security threats; and the positive and negative consequences of
“securitizing” health. In academic and policy terms, the health security field is a timely and dynamic
one and this handbook is the first work to comprehensively address this agenda.
Bringing together leading experts and commentators on health security issues from across the
world, the volume comprises original and cutting-edge essays addressing the key issues in the field
and also highlighting currently neglected avenues for future research. The book provides an
accessible yet sophisticated introduction to the key topics and debates and is organized into four
key parts:
• Health Securities: the fundamental conceptual issues, historical links between health and
security, and the various ways of conceptualizing health as a security issue;
• Threats: those health issues that have been most frequently discussed in security terms;
• Responses: the wide range of contemporary security-driven responses to health threats; and
• Controversies: the securitization of health, its impact on rights and justice, and the potential
distortion of the global health agenda .
This book will be of great interest to students of global health security, public health, critical
security studies, and international relations in general.
Simon Rushton is a Faculty Research Fellow in the Department of Politics at the University of
Sheffield, UK. He is editor of the journal Medicine, Conflict & Survival and an Associate Fellow of
the Centre on Global Health Security at the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham
House.
Jeremy Youde is an associate professor of political science at the University of Minnesota
Duluth, USA. He is author of three books on global health issues and on the editorial board of
the journal Global Health Governance .
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ROUTLEDGE HANDBOOK
OF GLOBAL HEALTH
SECURITY
Edited by Simon Rushton and Jeremy Youde
First published 2015
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2015 selection and editorial material, Simon Rushton and Jeremy Youde; individual
chapters, the contributors
The right of the editors to be identifi ed as the author of the editorial material, and of
the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections
77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized
in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to
infringe.
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Routledge handbook of global health security / edited by Simon Rushton and
Jeremy Youde.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. World health. 2. Public health—International cooperation. 3. Medical
policy. 4. National security. I. Rushton, Simon, 1978– editor of
compilation. II. Youde, Jeremy R., 1976– editor of compilation.
RA441.R68 2015
616.1′32—dc 3 2014008106
ISBN: 978-0-415-64547-8 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-07856-3 (ebk)
Typeset in ApexBembo
by Apex CoVantage, LLC
CONTENTS
List of tables and figures viii
Notes on contributors ix
Introduction 1
Jeremy Youde & Simon Rushton
PART I
Health securities 5
1 The many meanings of health security 7
Colin McInnes
2 Inventing global health security, 1994–2005 18
Lorna Weir
3 Health and human security: Pathways to advancing a human-centered
approach to health security in East Asia 32
Mely Caballero-Anthony & Gianna Gayle Amul
4 Gender, health, and security 48
Colleen O’Manique
5 The politics of health security 60
João Nunes
6 The medicalization of insecurity 71
Stefan Elbe & Nadine Voelkner
v
Contents
PART II
Threats 81
7 Pandemics and security 83
Yanzhong Huang
8 Emerging infections: Threats to health and economic security 92
David L. Heymann & Alison West
9 AIDS as a security threat: The emergence and the decline of an idea 105
Pieter Fourie
10 Biological weapons and bioterrorism 118
Gregory D. Koblentz
11 Life science research as a security risk 130
Christian Enemark
12 Conflict, instability, and health security 141
Frank L. Smith III
13 Health security and environmental change 151
Robert L. Ostergard Jr. & Derek Kauneckis
14 Malaria and security: More than a matter of health 163
Nicholas Knowlton
15 Noncommunicable disease as a security issue 175
Christopher Benson & Sara M. Glasgow
PART III
Responses 187
16 Health, security, and diplomacy in historical perspective 189
Adam Kamradt-Scott
17 Preparedness and resilience in public health emergencies 201
Rebecca Katz & Erin Sorrell
18 Medical countermeasures and security 215
Kendall Hoyt
19 Internet surveillance and disease outbreaks 226
Sara E. Davies
vi
Contents
20 Making the international health regulations matter: Promoting
compliance through effective dispute resolution 239
Steven J. Hoffman
21 Biosecurity education for life scientists: The missing past, inadequate
present, and uncertain future 252
Malcolm Dando
22 Health security and foreign policy 265
Joshua Michaud
23 NGOs and health security: Securing the health of people living
with HIV/AIDS 277
Amy S. Patterson
PART IV
Controversies 291
24 Health security and/or human rights? 293
Joseph J. Amon
25 Reevaluating health security from a cosmopolitan perspective 304
Garrett Wallace Brown & Preslava Stoeva
26 Indonesia, power asymmetry, and pandemic risk: The paradox of global
health security 318
William L. Aldis & Triono Soendoro
27 Health security and the distortion of the global health agenda 328
Michael A. Stevenson & Michael Moran
28 Whose interests is the securitization of health serving? 339
Debra L. DeLaet
Select bibliography 349
Index 355
vii
TABLES AND FIGURES
Tables
3.1 Regional Health Frameworks and Areas of Cooperation 40
8.1 Breeches in the Species Barrier: Selected Emerging Infections since 1976 93
10.1 Properties of Biological Warfare Agents 119
17.1 Public Health Preparedness Capabilities, as Defined by the U.S. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention 203
17.2 Select Legislation and Presidential Directives in Support of Public Health
Emergency Preparedness and Resilience in the United States 205
17.3 Checklist and Indicators for Monitoring Progress in Meeting Capacity
on Preparedness 209
20.1 Goals for IHR Dispute Resolution 241
20.2 Advisory and Adjudicative Dispute Resolution Processes 246
22.1 Top Recipients of U.S. Bilateral Foreign Assistance, Fiscal Year 2012 269
Figures
3.1 Prioritization of Health Security Issues in East Asia 38
8.1 Rapid Spread of Influenza A (H1N1) after Emergence, 2009 96
8.2 International spread of SARS, 2003 98
8.3 Passenger Movement, Hong Kong International Airport, March–July 2003 99
8.4 Revenue in Commercial Sector, Hong Kong, 2002–2003 100
13.1 The Indirect Effect of Climate Change on Health Security 154
14.1 Malaria and State Capacity 170
19.1 Timeline of Key Events in MERS-CoV Outbreak, June 2012 234
20.1 Proposed Multitiered IHR Dispute Resolution Process and its Shadow System 247
viii
NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
William L. Aldis is Assistant Professor in the School of Global Studies, Thammasat University,
Thailand. His interests include policy on access to medicines, child survival in low-income coun-
tries, health care during war and civil unrest, and preparedness for pandemics. In the World Health
Organization he served as Country Representative in Sierra Leone, Malawi, and Thailand; as
Regional Advisor of Emergency and Humanitarian Action in WHO’s African Region and as
Coordinator for Health Policy and Research in WHO’s Regional Office for South-East Asia. He
is a graduate of the Johns Hopkins University and Harvard Medical School.
Joseph J. Amon is the Director of the Health and Human Rights Division at Human Rights
Watch. Before joining Human Rights Watch in 2005, he worked for more than 15 years con-
ducting epidemiological research, designing programs, and evaluating interventions related to
HIV, malaria, hepatitis and Guinea Worm disease for a range of governmental and nongovern-
mental organizations. He is also a lecturer at the Woodrow Wilson School of Princeton Univer-
sity and an associate in the Department of Epidemiology at the Bloomberg School of Public
Health at Johns Hopkins University.
Gianna Gayle Amul is Senior Analyst at the Centre for Non-Traditional Security (NTS) Stud-
ies in the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies (RSIS), Nanyang Technological Univer-
sity, Singapore. She is co-author of Promoting Peace, Development and Human Security: The
Mining Act of 1995 and the Indigenous People’s Rights Act (IPRA) published for the UNDP Conflict
Prevention and Peacebuilding Programme. Her research interests are primarily in health security
issues, particularly global and regional health governance, health diplomacy, and noncommunica-
ble diseases, as well as climate change, environmental security, and natural disasters.
Christopher Benson is currently an advanced undergraduate at the University of Montana
Western, where he is completing his B.A. in Global Politics and Psychology. He plans on pursuing
graduate studies after completing his degree.
Garrett Wallace Brown is Reader in Political Theory and Global Ethics in the Department of
Politics at the University of Sheffield, UK. His publications include work on cosmopolitanism, glo-
balization theory, global justice, and global health governance. He has published widely on issues in
ix