Andreas B. Imhoff Felix H. Savoie III Editors Rotator Cuff Across the Life Span ISAKOS Consensus Book Rotator Cuff Across the Life Span Andreas B. Imhoff • Felix H. Savoie III Editors Rotator Cuff Across the Life Span ISAKOS Consensus Book Editors Andreas B. Imhoff Felix H. Savoie III Orthopaedic Sportsmedicine Department of Orthopaedics University of Munich (TUM) Tulane University School of Medicine Orthopaedic Sportsmedicine Department of Orthopaedics Munich New Orleans, LA Bayern USA Germany ISBN 978-3-662-58728-7 ISBN 978-3-662-58729-4 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58729-4 © ISAKOS 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature The registered company address is: Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin, Germany Contents Part I Basic 1 Diagnosis and Classification of Rotator Cuff Tears . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Emilio Calvo, Carlos Rebollón Guardado, Diana Morcillo, and Guillermo Arce 2 Rotator Cuff Isometric Strength Across the Life Span in Normal Population and in Patients with Rotator Cuff Pathology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Nahum Rosenberg 3 Healing of the Rotator Cuff Tendon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Laura A. Vogel, Andreas Voss, and Augustus D. Mazzocca 4 The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Growth Factors in Rotator Cuff Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Laura A. Vogel, Santiago Rodriguez, Mary Beth R. McCarthy, Andreas Voss, and Augustus D. Mazzocca 5 Genetics in Rotator Cuff Tears: First Steps to the Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Carina Cohen, Eduardo A. Figueiredo, Mariana F. Leal, and Benno Ejnisman Part II The Young Athletic High Risk Patient (Age 10–30) 6 The Very Young Athlete (10–15) with Overuse Tear . . . . . . . . . . 49 Carina Cohen and Benno Ejnisman 7 The Adolescent Overhead Athlete with SLAP Tear and Partial Infraspinatus Tear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Kelly L. Hill and Felix H. Savoie III 8 Rotator Cuff Injuries in the Elite Athlete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Anant Dixit, Meghan E. Bishop, Brandon J. Erickson, and Anthony A. Romeo 9 Management of Rotator Cuff Injuries in the Very Young . . . . . . 71 Jorge Rojas Lievano, Stephen C. Weber, and Edward McFarland v vi Contents 10 Definition and Classification of Different Forms of Impingement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Eiji Itoi and Nobuyuki Yamamoto 11 Arthroscopic Subacromial Decompression: The US Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Stephanie C. Petterson and Kevin D. Plancher 12 Arthroscopic Acromioclavicular Joint Resection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Taku Hatta and Eiji Itoi 13 Scapulothoracic Disorders and Nonsurgical Management of the Impingement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Takayuki Muraki and Eiji Itoi Part III RC in the Middle Ages (Age 30–50) 14 The Philosophy of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair . . . . . . . . . 125 Stephen S. Burkhart and Robert U. Hartzler 15 Biology of Rotator Cuff Healing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Hunter Hood and Felix H. Savoie III 16 Philosophy on Repair In Situ vs Completing and Repair of the Partial Rotator Cuff Tear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Stephen C. Weber 17 Bursal-Side Partial-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears . . . . . . . . . . . 143 Kevin Shea and Colin Pavano 18 Single-Row Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Stephen C. Weber 19 Delaminated Tears of the Rotator Cuff: The Rationale and Techniques for the Double-Row Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Enrique Salas, Guillermo Arce, and Gustavo Matheus 20 Double Row Rotator Cuff Transosseous Equivalent Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Gonzalo Samitier and Emilio Calvo 21 Classification of Subscapularis Tears and Correlation with Physical Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 Michelle X. Xiao, Rebecca A. Carr, and Geoffrey D. Abrams 22 Single-Row Subscapularis Repair: The Intra-articular Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Michelle X. Xiao, Rebecca A. Carr, and Geoffrey D. Abrams 23 Double-Row Subscapularis Repair: The US Perspective . . . . . . 183 Michelle X. Xiao, Rebecca A. Carr, and Geoffrey D. Abrams 24 Double-Row Subscapularis Repair: The German Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Lukas N. Muench, Felix Dyrna, and Knut Beitzel Contents vii 25 The Anatomy of the Biceps Pulley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Giovanni Di Giacomo, Alberto Costantini, Andrea De Vita, Nicola de Gasperis, and Luigi Piscitelli 26 Injuries of the Biceps Pulley System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Mike H. Baums 27 Crossfire Tenotomy Versus Tenodesis: Pro-tenotomy . . . . . . . . . 209 Stephen C. Weber 28 Crossfire: Tenotomy Versus Tenodesis # Pro Tenodesis . . . . . . . . 213 Mike H. Baums 29 Intra-articular Biceps Tenodesis with an Interference Screw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 F. Franceschi and A. Palumbo 30 Arthroscopic Supra-pectoral Biceps Tenodesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Guillermo Arce, Juan Pablo Previgliano, Diego Ferro, Juan Pablo Altuna, and Enrique Salas 31 Biceps Transfer to the Conjoint Tendon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Francesco Franceschi and Luca La Verde 32 Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis with an All-Suture Anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Jacob M. Kirsch and Michael T. Freehill 33 Arthroscopic Proximal Biceps Versus Subpectoral Tenodesis: Short-Term Differences and Long- Term Follow-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 Stephen C. Weber 34 Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: Biological Interposition . . . . . . . 257 Robert U. Hartzler and Stephen S. Burkhart 35 The Comprehensive Arthroscopic Management (CAM) Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Emilio Calvo, Carlos Rebollon Guardado, Marina Acebal, and Kevin P. Shea 36 Partial Replacement (Partial Eclipse/HemiCAP) . . . . . . . . . . . . 277 Andreas B. Imhoff, Lukas N. Muench, and Andreas Voss Part IV RC in the “Older” Patient (Age 50–70) 37 Rotator Cuff Pathology in the Older Active Patient . . . . . . . . . . 287 Matthew R. Zapf and Dan Guttmann 38 Subacromial Spacer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 Enrique Salas, Guillermo Arce, and Gustavo Matheus 39 Massive Tears: Techniques for Mobilization of the Large Retracted Rotator Cuff Tears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Maristella F. Saccomanno and Giuseppe Milano viii Contents 40 Biologic Augmentation in RC Repair (Patches and Grafts): Part I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Kevin D. Plancher, Brian McCormick, Jordan Murphy, and Stephanie C. Petterson 41 Biologic Augmentation in RC Repair (Patches and Grafts): Part II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Kristi Hultman, Brandon J. Erickson, Meghan E. Bishop, and Anthony A. Romeo 42 Arthroscopic-Assisted Lower Trapezius Tendon Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353 Gía Rodríguez-Vaquero, Gonzalo Samitier, and Emilio Calvo 43 Open Latissimus Dorsi Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Andreas B. Imhoff, Lukas N. Muench, and Andreas Voss 44 Management of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tear: Arthroscopy- Assisted Latissimus Dorsi Tendon Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Jiwu Chen 45 Superior Capsule Reconstruction: The Italian Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Giuseppe Milano and Maristella F. Saccomanno 46 Superior Capsule Reconstruction: The US Perspective . . . . . . . 383 Ashley J. Bassett, Meghan E. Bishop, Brandon J. Erickson, Anthony A. Romeo, Rachel M. Frank, and Gregory L. Cvetanovich Part V R C in Old Patients (Age> 70) 47 Cuff Tear Arthropathy with Bone Loss (Acetabular Acromion) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399 Giuseppe Milano, Maristella F. Saccomanno, and Andrea Grasso 48 Shoulder Arthroplasty: Intact Rotator Cuff Muscles . . . . . . . . . 415 Francesco Franceschi and Edoardo Franceschetti 49 Primary Osteoarthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419 Ryan W. Churchill, Eric M. Padegimas, Meghan E. Bishop, Brandon J. Erickson, and Anthony A. Romeo 50 Shoulder Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Mike H. Baums Contents ix 51 Shoulder Arthroplasty for Humeral Head Osteonecrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Jason C. Ho, Michael A. Stone, Meghan E. Bishop, Brandon J. Erickson, and Anthony A. Romeo 52 Reverse Shoulder Replacement for Massive Rotator Cuff Tears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 Steven M. Andelman and Kevin P. Shea Part VI Miscellaneous 53 Arthroscopic Suprascapular Nerve Release in the Young High-Risk P atient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461 Stephanie C. Petterson and Kevin D. Plancher 54 Postoperative Rehabilitation Following Rotator Cuff Repair: General Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481 Tyler Spiering, Corey Snyder, and Michael T. Freehill 55 Postoperative Rehabilitation: Return to Sport in the Noncompetitive Athlete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493 Carina Cohen, Ligia Leme, Gisele Barbosa, and Benno Ejnisman 56 Outcome Measurement Tools for Rotator Cuff Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507 Guillermo Arce, Juan Pablo Previgliano, Enrique Salas, and Francisco Arcuri Part VII Complication 57 Failed RC Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515 Leland C. McCluskey Jr. and Felix H. Savoie III Part I Basic