Romanticism and the Anglo-Hispanic Imaginary 136 Internationale Forschungen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft In Verbindung mit Norbert Bachleitner (Universität Wien), Dietrich Briesemeister (Friedrich Schiller-Universität Jena), Francis Claudon (Université Paris XII), Joachim Knape (Universität Tübingen), Klaus Ley (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz), John A. McCarthy (Vanderbilt University), Alfred Noe (Universität Wien), Manfred Pfister (Freie Universität Berlin), Sven H. Rossel (Universität Wien) herausgegeben von Alberto Martino (Universität Wien) Redaktion: Paul Ferstl und Rudolf Pölzer Anschrift der Redaktion: Institut für Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaft, Berggasse 11/5, A-1090 Wien Romanticism and the Anglo-Hispanic Imaginary Edited by Joselyn M. Almeida Amsterdam - New York, NY 2010 Cover image: Steven Folsom, “La Partida /The Parting Charge” Cover design: Pier Post Le papier sur lequel le présent ouvrage est imprimé remplit les prescriptions de “ISO 9706:1994, Information et documentation - Papier pour documents - Prescriptions pour la permanence”. The paper on which this book is printed meets the requirements of “ ISO 9706:1994, Information and documentation - Paper for documents - Requirements for permanence”. Die Reihe „Internationale Forschungen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft“ wird ab dem Jahr 2005 gemeinsam von Editions Rodopi, Amsterdam – New York und dem Weidler Buchverlag, Berlin herausgegeben. Die Veröffentlichungen in deutscher Sprache erscheinen im Weidler Buchverlag, alle anderen bei Editions Rodopi. From 2005 onward, the series „Internationale Forschungen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft“ will appear as a joint publication by Editions Rodopi, Amsterdam – New York and Weidler Buchverlag, Berlin. The German editions will be published by Weidler Buchverlag, all other publications by Editions Rodopi. ISBN: 978-90-420-3032-9 E-Book ISBN: 978-90-420-3033-6 © Editions Rodopi B.V., Amsterdam - New York, NY 2010 Printed in The Netherlands Acknowledgments Not too long ago, writing about British Romanticism’s engagements with the Hispanophone world seemed improbable. Yet against that improbability, the scholarship and interest of Alan Richardson, Marilyn Gaull, Sonia Hofkosh, Jeffrey Cox, Nanora Sweet, Charles Rzepka, Tim Fulford, Joel Pace, Lance Newman, and Jeff Cass opened a space for this conversation, and to each I am deeply grateful. Diego Saglia’s groundbreaking scholarship in this field has continued to generate possibilities for researchers, and this collection owes its genesis and coalescence to his work, generosity, and leadership. As a result of Saglia’s interventions, many of the contributors here — from places as distant as Oviedo, Amherst, Memphis, and Oxford — converged at the “Transnational Identities” conference in Bologna organized by the North American Society for the Study of Romanticism (NASSR) and the Centro Interdisciplinare di Studi Romantici, Università di Bologna (CISR). The ex- changes facilitated at that memorable meeting have given this project direction and momentum. Prof. Dr. Norbert Bachleitner, IFAVL Series Editor for Rodopi, Esther Roth, and Ernst Grabovszki have steered it from conception to realization across time zones with understanding and dedication. The materiality of the book owes much to the generous support of the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, Paul T. Kostecki, and the Dean of Humanities and Fine Arts, Joel Martin, at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. I would also like to thank my colleagues Joseph Bartolomeo, Stephen Clingman, Laura Doyle, and Arthur Kinney for their suggestions at different points. Librarians Brian Shelbourne and Steven Folsom from the UMass Image Collection Library lent their digital humanities expertise to obtain the cover image from José Joaquín de Mora’s No me olvides (1824-5) with the gracious assistance of librarians at the Columbia University Rare Book and Manuscript Library. I am also grateful to Tom Broughton-Willett for his professionalism, energy, and promptitude when it came time to do the index. Finally, this project would not be possible without the support of my family and friends, and the faith, patience, and support of mi compañero, Martin. Table of Contents Joselyn M. Almeida Introduction: Of Windmills and New Worlds 9 Part I: Theaters of Liberation Diego Saglia Iberian Translations: Writing Spain into British Culture, 1780–1830 25 Joselyn M. Almeida ‘Esa gran nación, repartida en ambos mundos’: Transnational Authorship in London and Nation Building in Latin America 53 Tim Fulford ‘El Diablo’ and ‘El Ángel del Cielo!’: Thomas and Kitty Cochrane and the Romanticisation of Revolution in South America 81 Alicia Laspra Rodríguez Fictionalizing History: British War Literature and the Asturian Uprising of 1808 109 Susan Valladares ‘He that can bring the dead to life again’: Resurrecting the Spanish Setting in Coleridge’s Osorio (1797) and Remorse (1813) 133 Part II: Trades and Exchanges Nanora Sweet The Forest Sanctuary: The Anglo-Hispanic Uncanny in Felicia Hemans and José María Blanco White 159 Rebecca Cole Heinowitz The Spanish American Bubble and Britain’s Crisis of Informal Empire, 1822–1826 183 8 Maria Eugenia Perojo Arronte Antonio Alcalá Galiano, Anglo-Hispanic Cultural Exchange, and the Idea of a Spanish ‘National’ Literature 213 Jeffrey Cass Fighting Over the Woman’s Body: Representations of Spain and the Staging of Gender 233 Cristina Flores ‘Imported (cid:86)eeds’: The Role of William Wordsworth in Miguel de Unamuno’s Poetic Renewal 249 Part III: Vistas and Extensions Jeffrey Scraba ‘Dear Old Romantic Spain’: Washington Irving Imagines Andalucía 275 M. Soledad Caballero and Jenn(cid:76)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:85) Hayward ‘An occasional trait of Scotch shrewdness’: Narrating Nationalism in Frances Calderón de la Barca’s Life in Mexico 297 Jessica Damián ‘These Civil Wars of Nature’: Annotating South America’s Natural and Political History in Maria Graham’s Journal of a Residence in Chile (1824) 327 Fernando González Moreno and Beatriz González Moreno (Re) Discovering Spain: English Travel(cid:79)ers and the Belated Picturesque Tour 341 Notes on Contributors 361 Index 367 Joselyn M. Almeida Introduction: Of Windmills and New Worlds ‘In the rhapsody of his imagination he has discovered a world of windmills, and his sorrows are that there are no Quixotes to attack them’. Thomas Paine, The Rights of Man ‘Thy World, Columbus, shall be free.’ Anna Barbauld, Eighteen Hundred and Eleven In his mordant reply to Burke’s famous lament over lost chivalry in Reflections on the Revolution in France, Paine evokes the figure of Don Quijote, thereby linking the long-standing tradition of romance to the age of revolution. As David Duff suggests, the connection between the two ‘is almost taken for granted as one of the central facts of the literary history of English Romanticism’, given the work of Northrop Frye, Harold Bloom, and others.1 Moreover, Paine’s allusion to Don Quijote also bespeaks the recurrence of cultural symbols, discourses, and figures from the Hispanophone world, such as Don Juan, Columbus, Cortés, Pizarro, and Atahualpa that circulated in Romantic drama, poetry, and prose. These came to signify the other two massive revolutions that commanded the interest and creative investments of authors, that of Spain against Napoleon and the Spanish American Wars of Independence.2 The Peninsular War, known in Spanish historiography as the Guerra de Independencia (War of Independence), reinvigorated the tradition of chivalry for writers such as Walter Scott, Robert Southey, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Felicia Hemans, and Lord Byron. Simon Bainbridge writes: ‘In a period when Britain was taking an increasingly active role in the conflict [...] romance and its associated values provided a powerful construction of Britain’s role that would 1 David Duff, Romance and Revolution (Cambridge University Press, 1997), p. 2. 2 José Blanco White, discussed hereafter, was perhaps the first to perceive this connection. Scholars in the field are also indebted to José Alberich’s Bibliografía Anglo-Hispánica, 1801-1850 (Oxford: The Dolphin Book Co, 1978) which catalogues a substantial corpus of Anglo-Hispanic works. 10 Joselyn M. Almeida influence the way in which the nation saw its global role for the rest of the century’.3 The publication of Diego Saglia’s Poetic Castles in Spain: British Romanticism and Figurations of Iberia (2000) has firmly established Spain as a ‘figurative nucleus of contradictions and tensions, or a “heterotopia”, one of those places which, in Foucault’s definition, “suspect, neutralize, or invert the set of relations that they happen to designate, mirror, or reflect”’.4 The representation of Spanish settings, motifs, characters, and cultural impersonations — Southey affects the mask of Don Manuel Alvarez Espriella in Letters from England, for instance — can no longer be simply attributed to individual artistic choices while ignoring the large-scale cultural and historical engagement between Britain and the Hispanic world. Besides analyzing the considerable Hispanophile oeuvre of Southey, Hemans, Scott, and Byron and the influential circle of Holland House and Lord Holland, Saglia extends the field through his analysis of works usually overlooked in this context. Walter Savage Landor’s Count Julian (1812) suggests a deconstruction of the ‘exotic medievalism of Southern Spain’ that so attracted Southey, and reconfigures ideologies of patriotism; his discussion of lesser-known works such as Laura Sophia Temple’s The Siege of Zaragosa and Other Poems (1812), William Ticken’s Santos de Montenos; or Annals of a Patriot Family. Founded on Recent Facts (1811), and Mary Russell Mitford’s Blanch (1813) recovers the pervasiveness of Spain in British Romantic poetry. ‘Fictions about Spain indeed negotiate — that is, reinvent, propose, or abolish — ideals about the nation, established religion and the church, reform and conservatism, the family, the woman question, and forms of masculine or feminine subjectivity.’ 5 Prominent in these fictions are epic types such as El Cid, who defeated the Moors (and Cid-like figures such as King Pelayo), tragic Moorish queens, battles such as Roncesvalles, the heroism of the Maid of Saragossa and Spanish women, and the extraordinary valor of British soldiers. Through their work on Felicia Hemans, Susan Wolfson, Nanora Sweet, and John-David López have also contributed considerably to the consolidation of Spain as an object of knowledge for Romanticists. British Romantic writing about Spain can be considered as part ‘of the new historical and political horizon and a new sense of the power of poetry to 3 Simon Bainbridge, British Poetry and the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 149. 4 Diego Saglia, Poetic Castles in Spain: British Romanticism and Figurations of Iberia (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2000), p. 62. 5 Saglia, p. 60.
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