Romanticism (1830-1890) PDF
Preview Romanticism (1830-1890)
New The Oxford History Music of Romanticism 1830-1890 ^ 7 New The Oxford History Music of Ancient and Oriental Music . I Editedby Egon Wellesz II The Early Middle Ages to 1 300 Editedby RichardCrockerand David Hiley III Ars Nova and the Renaissance (1 300-1 540) Editedby Dorn Anselm hiughes and ^.eraldAbraham IV The Age of Humanism (1540-1630) Editedby CeraldAbraham V Opera and Church Music (1630-1 750) EditedbyAnthony Lewis and Nigel ^ortune VI Concert Music (1 630- I 750) Editedby GeraldAbraham VII The Age of Enlightenment (1 745-1 790) Editedby Egon Wellesz andE. W. Sternfeld VIII The Age of Beethoven (1 790-1830) Editedby CeraldAbraham NEW OXFORD HISTORY OF MUSIC VOLUME IX THE VOLUMES OF THE NEW OXFORD HISTORY OF MUSIC Ancient and Oriental Music I. II. The Early Middle Ages to 1300 {second edition) III. Ars Nova and the Renaissance (1300-1540) IV. The Age of Humanism (1540-1630) V. Opera and Church Music (1630-1750) VI. Concert Music (1630-1750) VII. The Age of Enlightenment (1745-1790) VIII. The Age of Beethoven (1790-1830) IX. Romanticism (1830-1890) X. The Modern Age (1890-1960) ROMANTICISM (1830-1890) EDITED BY GERALD ABRAHAM OXFORD NEW YORK OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 1990 Oxford University Press, Walton Street, Oxfor(TOX26DP Oxford New York Toronto Delhi Bombay Calcutta Madras Karachi PetalingJaya Singapore Hong Kong Tokyo Nairobi DaresSalaam Cape Town Melbourne Auckland andassociatedcompaniesin Berlin Ibadan Oxfordisa trademark ofOxfordUniversity Press Publishedin the UnitedStates byOxfordUniversity Press, New York © OxfordUniversity Press 1990 Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem, or transmittedinanyform orbyanymeans, electronic,mechanical,photocopying, recording, orotherwise, without thepriorpermission ofOxfordUniversity Press British Library Cataloguingin Publication Data TheNew Oxfordhistoryofmusic. Vol. 9: Romanticism{1830-1890). 1. Abraham, Gerald, 1904-1988 780'.9 ISBN0-19-316309-8 LibraryofCongress Cataloguingin Publication Data NewOxfordhistoryofmusic. Includesbibliographies. V. 9. Romanticism, 1830-1890j editedby GeraldAbraham 1. Music—Historyandcriticism. I. Oxford historyofmusic. ML160.N44 ' 780'9 54-12578 ISBN0-19-316309-8 Setby Oxford TextSystem Printedin Great Britain by RichardClay Ltd., Bungay, Suffolk CONTENTS publisher’s note xiv ILLUSTRATIONS XV INTRODUCTION xvii I. NEW TENDENCIES IN ORCHESTRAL MUSIC: 1830-1850. By GERALD ABRAHAM 1 The Concert Overture 1 Mendelssohn’s Overtures 2 Mendelssohn’s Followers 5 Berlioz’s Overtures 8 Wagner’s Early Overtures 12 Schumann’s Overtures 14 Incidental Music 16 Glinka 18 Mendelssohn’s Symphonies 20 Berlioz’s Symphonies 25 The French Ode-symphonie 31 Spohr 32 Minor Symphonic Composers 38 Schumann as Symphonist 41 Problems of the Romantic Concerto 45 Enlargement of the Orchestral Palette 49 Berlioz and the Romantic Orchestra 57 II. CHAMBER MUSIC: 1830-1850. By john horton 60 Amateur and Professional Players 60 Chamber Music in France 61 Conditions in England 62 Combinations of Strings and Wind 63 Schumann’s Chamber Music 65 Duet Sonatas 68 The Piano Trio 69 ^ Scandinavian Chamber Music 72 ‘ Chamber Music for Strings by Mendelssohn and Spohr 74 ^ The Period in Perspective 80 'Ll MO' CONTENTS VI ROMANTIC OPERA: 1830-1850 - ' III. (a) GRAND OPERA. By david charlton 85 Staging and Costume 85 Auber’s La Muette de Portid 87 External Traits * 89 A New Design Element 91 Internal Musical Traits 92 Meyerbeer’s Robert le diahle 93 Meyerbeer’s Les Huguenots 97 Auber’s Gustave III, ou le halmasque 100 Halevy’s La Juive 101 Halevy’s Guido et Ginevra 104 Halevy’s La Reine de Chypre 105 Halevy’s Charles VI 107 Berlioz’s Benvenuto Cellini 108 Donizetti in Paris 112 MtyQvhQQv's Le Prophde 116 (b) OPERA COMIQUE. By david charlton 120 The Composers and Librettists 121 Auber 123 Halevy 129 Adam 131 Thomas 134 Orchestration 137 (c) ITALY. By david kimbell 140 Italian Romanticism: Art and Politics 140 The Place of Opera in Italian Society 141 Dramatic and Musical Principles 142 Reappraisal 145 Donizetti’s Mature Operas: General Characteristics 146 Donizetti as Musician and Craftsman 151 Mercadante’s Reform Operas 155 The Inspiration of Extra-musical Ideas: Politics 162 The Inspiration of Extra-musical Ideas: Literature 165 Hugo and Verdi 167 Shakespeare and Verdi 168 Schiller and Verdi 172 Lesser Masters 174 The Decline of Opera huff'a 177 The Performance of Italian Romantic Opera 182 The Appreciation of Opera 183 (d) GERMANY. By Siegfried goslich 185 Stage and Composer 185 CONTENTS The Theatre Conductors 186 The Leading Masters 188 Lortzing 190 Mendelssohn and Nicolai 190 Schumann 191 Flotow 192 Wagner 193 Librettists 196 The Fate of the ‘Number Opera’ 199 The Overture 200 The Lied 202 The Romanze 203 Ballade, Cavatina, and Preghiera 203 The Aria 205 Ensemble and Chorus 208 Scene Composition 209 (e) RUSSIA AND EASTERN EUROPE. By gerald abraham 213 Russia 213 Verstovsky 214 Glinka 216 Dargomizhsky 222 Poland 223 Non-German Opera in the Habsburg Empire 224 (0 BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES. By Nicholas TEMPERLEY 228 Bishop 228 Barnett and Loder 229 Balfe 231 Wallace 233 The United States 235 IV. ROMANTIC PIANO MUSIC: 1830-1850. By willi kahl 237 The Piano of the 1830s 237 The Crisis of the Sonata 238 Schumann’s Sonatas 241 Schumann’s C Major Phantasie 243 Schumann and the Variation Principle 243 Liszt 247 Chopin 250 Other Sonata Composers 252 Mendelssohn’s Lieder ohne Worte 253 The Slav Lands 255 51 CONTENTS viii V. WAGNER’S LATER STAGE WORKS. By Arnold whittall 257 Life and Works 257 Theories 258 Compositional Procedures 263 Tonality 266 ^ Der Ring des Nihelungen 268 Das Rheingold 270 Die Walkiire 211 Siegfried 286 (1) Tristan undIsolde 29 Die Meistersinger von Nurnherg 296 Siegfried (2) 302 Gdtterddmmerung 307 Parsifal 31 Wagner’s Heritage 319 VI. OPERA: 1850-1890 (a) GERMANY. By gerald abraham 322 Cornelius 322 Goetz 324 Goldmark, Bruch, and Rubinstein 327 (b) ERANCE. By david Charlton 327 The 1850s and 1860s 327 Opera comique to 1862 328 MQyQxbQQv's operas comiques 331 Offenbach and Operetta 333 Gounod’s Minor Works 334 Berlioz’s Beatrice et Benedict 334 Berlioz’s Les Troyens 336 Gounod’s Genius Revealed 339 Faust 343 Gounod’s Later Works 346 Meyerbeer’s L'Africaine 349 Verdi in Paris 354 ‘Heightened Lyrical Speech’ 362 Thomas’s Later Works 363 Bizet’s Youthful Works 367 Bizet’s Style 370 Les Pechears deperles 375 La Jolie Fille de Perth 376 Djamileh 378 Carmen 380 The 1870s and 1880s 385
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