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Romantic Literary Families (Nineteenth-Century Major Lives and Letters) PDF

243 Pages·2009·1.78 MB·English
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Rom a n t ic L i t er a ry Fa mil ies 9780230604759ts01.indd i 5/7/2009 6:03:08 PM Nineteenth-Century Major Lives and Letters Series Editor: Marilyn Gaull The nineteenth century invented major figures: gifted, productive, and influ- ential writers and artists in English, European, and American public life who captured and expressed what Hazlitt called “The Spirit of the Age.” Their achievements summarize, reflect, and shape the cultural traditions they inher- ited and influence the quality of life that followed. Before radio, film, and journalism deflected the energies of authors and audiences alike, literary forms such as popular verse, song lyrics, biographies, memoirs, letters, novels, reviews, essays, children’s books, and drama generated a golden age of letters incomparable in Western history. Nineteenth-Century Major Lives and Letters presents a series of original biographical, critical, and scholarly studies of major figures evoking their energies, achievements, and their impact on the charac- ter of this age. Projects to be included range from works on Blake to Hardy, Erasmus Darwin to Charles Darwin, Wordsworth to Yeats, Coleridge and J. S. Mill, Joanna Baillie, Jane Austen, Sir Walter Scott, Byron, Shelley, Keats to Dickens, Tennyson, George Eliot, Browning, Hopkins, Lewis Carroll, Rudyard Kipling, and their contemporaries. The series editor is Marilyn Gaull, PhD from Indiana University. She has served on the faculty at Temple University, New York University, and is now Research Professor at the Editorial Institute at Boston University. She brings to the series decades of experience as editor of books on nineteenth century literature and culture. She is the founder and editor of The Wordsworth Circle, author of English Romanticism: The Human Context, publishes editions, essays, and reviews in numerous journals and lectures internationally on British Romanticism, folk- lore, and narrative theory. PUBLISHED BY PALGRAVE: Shelley’s German Afterlives, by Susanne Schmid Romantic Literature, Race, and Colonial Encounter, by Peter J. Kitson Coleridge, the Bible, and Religion, by Jeffrey W. Barbeau Byron: Heritage and Legacy, edited by Cheryl A. Wilson The Long and Winding Road from Blake to the Beatles, by Matthew Schneider British Periodicals and Romantic Identity, by Mark Schoenfield Women Writers and Nineteenth-Century Medievalism, by Clare Broome Saunders British Victorian Women’s Periodicals, by Kathryn Ledbetter Romantic Literary Families, by Scott Krawczyk FORTHCOMING TITLES: Victorian Christmas in Print, by Tara Moore Reading Popular Culture in Victorian Periodicals, by Alberto Gabriele From Song to Print, by Terence Hoagwood Gothic Romanticism, by Tom Duggett Royal Romances, by Kristin Samuelian 9780230604759ts01.indd i 5/7/2009 6:03:09 PM Rom a n t ic L i t er a ry Fa mil ies Scott Krawczyk 9780230604759ts01.indd i 5/7/2009 6:03:09 PM ROMANTIC LITERARY FAMILIES Copyright © Scott Krawczyk, 2009. All rights reserved. First published in 2009 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978–0–230–60475–9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Krawczyk, Scott. Romantic literary families / Scott Krawczyk. p. cm.—(Nineteenth-century major lives & letters) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978–0–230–60475–9 (alk. paper) 1. English literature—18th century—History and criticism. 2. English literature—19th century—History and criticism. 3. Authorship— Collaboration—History—18th century. 4. Authorship—Collaboration— History—19th century. 5. Authors, English—18th century—Family relationships. 6. Authors, English—19th century—Family relationships. 7. Influence (Literary, artistic, etc.) 8. Romanticism—Great Britain— History—18th century. 9. Romanticism—Great Britain—History— 18th century. I. Title. PR448.C63K73 2009 820.9⬘9205—dc22 2008051917 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: August 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America. 9780230604759ts01.indd iv 5/7/2009 6:03:09 PM To Evan and Audrey 9780230604759ts01.indd v 5/7/2009 6:03:09 PM This page intentionally left blank Con t en ts Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Commonly used Abbreviations xvii 1 C ollaborative Dissent: Barbauld and Aikin’s Sibling Pamphlets 1 2 “The Aikin School”: Adopting an Aesthetic 29 3 W alking “Backwards And Forwards”: The Wordsworths in 1802/1807 53 4 Incorporating the Literary Family 95 5 G enerations: Conflict, Continuity, and the Genius Familiae 135 Epilogue 159 Appendix: “To Mrs. Barbauld, at Geneva” 163 Notes 167 Bibliography 205 Index 217 9780230604759ts01.indd vi 5/7/2009 6:03:09 PM This page intentionally left blank P r eface Just as ages exhibit generic affinities, they likewise reveal collabora- tive affinities—forms of association in the joint labor of textual cre- ation.1 In the third century BCE, seventy-two Jewish translators of the Pentateuch established a type of collective authorship that would remain prominent through the Middle Ages, when textual collabo- ration was the province of a religious brotherhood striving to pre- serve a classical tradition for the nascent world of secular scholarship. Nearly a century before the great humanist Petrarch was to shine forth in a blinding display of literary talent and scholarly industry, the dominant model of literary collaboration began its transformation from one involving networks of religious orders to one constituted by networks of friends. Indeed, the humble “beginnings of human- ism,” according to L.G. Reynolds and N.G Wilson, “are clearly detectable in a small literary coterie” led by Lovato Lovati and his “circle of friends” in mid-thirteenth-century Padua (110).2 During the height of the Renaissance, theater companies and their derivative friendship coteries shared in the creative, logistical, and performative labor needed to write plays and stage productions in the “notoriously collaborative”3 business of theater. Friendship coteries such as that which produced Justa Edouardo King (1638), the poetic tribute to Edward King that closed with Milton’s “Lycidas,” or that which grew up around Aphra Behn, flourished throughout the seventeenth and much of the eighteenth century. In a typology of collaboration what differentiates one model from another is the nature of its mediating network.4 On its face, the Septuagint—that first Greek edition of the Bible so named for the number of Jewish scholars commissioned to produce it—reads not entirely unlike a page from Wikipedia. Each masquerades as the result of one authorial voice. The difference is that with the Septuagint we cannot follow a hyperlink that would unveil with certainty whether seventy-two or only seventy contributors made up the collaborative author function. Thus the traces of differ- ent translating hands are essentially invisible. Those translating hands themselves, however, were together in close company, touching, shar- ing, and perhaps even exchanging material texts. Today wiki technol- ogy mediates the electronic reach of authorial hands that may never 9780230604759ts01.indd ix 5/7/2009 6:03:09 PM

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