ebook img

Roman Italy, 338 BC - Ad 200: A Sourcebook PDF

289 Pages·1996·7.385 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Roman Italy, 338 BC - Ad 200: A Sourcebook

Roman Italy, 338 BC—AD 200 Also by Kathryn Lomas and published by UCL Press Urban society in Roman Italy (co-editor with T. J. Cornell) Roman Italy, 338 BC-AD 200 A sourcebook Kathryn Lomas University of Newcastle upon Tyne R Routledge Taylor &. Francis Group LONDON AND NEW YORK © Kathryn Lomas 1996 This book is copyright under the Berne Convention. No reproduction without permission. All rights reserved. First published in 1996 by UCL Press Reprinted 2003 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane London, EC4P 4EE Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data are available. ISBNs: 1-85728-180-2 HB 1-85728-181-0 PB Typeset in Elegant Garamond. Printed and bound by Antony Rowe Ltd, Eastbourne Contents List of illustrations viii Preface ix Abbreviations xi A note on terminology and nomenclature xiii Introduction 1 1 The rise of Rome: Italy 338—200 bc 11 The Samnites 17 The Samnite Wars 17 The Pyrrhic War 19 Treaty with Carthage 20 First Punic War 20 Roman manpower 21 Hannibal and the allies 22 Reasons for revolt 23 Treatment of secessionist allies 27 2 Mechanisms of Roman control: treaties, alliances and colonies 31 The Latin War and the basis of Roman control 40 Roman colonization 41 Roman treaties and their terms 42 Treaties and the law 43 Military levies and how they worked 45 Alternatives to treaties 46 Ancient views of Roman alliances 47 v CONTENTS 3 The decline of the alliance: Italy in the second century bc 49 Colonization 56 Unrest in Italy 57 War in northern Italy 61 Changes in allied status 62 Maltreatment of allies 64 Increasing wealth and the benefits of empire 65 Trade and finance: Italians in the East 66 Economic background to the land reforms 68 Earlier land legislation 69 Motivations for reform 70 The Terms of the Land Law, 133 71 bc The Land Commission 71 Further reforms: 132-122 74 bc The legislation of C. Gracchus, 123 75 bc Legal reforms 76 4 The social and civil wars, 90 bc-ad 14 79 Enfranchisement and the Gracchan Land Law 91 Gaius Gracchus and the extension of citizenship 91 Trade and finance: Romans and Italians in the provinces 93 Restrictions on allies 95 The Social War 100 The civil wars 105 Elite mobility and integration in the First century 108 bc 5 Italy and the emperor 111 The organization of Italy 120 Imperial colonization 121 Taxation and remissions 122 Law and order 123 Italians in high places 124 Emperors and the economy 125 Imperial estates 127 Imperial edicts 127 Benefactions and imperial patronage 129 Honouring the emperor 132 6 The Italian economy 137 Natural resources of Italy 146 Dependence on provinces 147 Villas in Italy 148 Tenancy 152 Markets and transport of goods 154 City and countryside 155 vi CONTENTS Trade and taxation 156 Pastoralism 158 Loans, rentals and purchases 160 Property rentals 161 7 Cults, sanctuaries and priesthoods in Roman Italy 165 The gods as protectors of the city 176 Temples and sanctuaries: form, function and upkeep 176 Italic cults 180 Foreign cults 181 Rustic cults 184 Cults and Roman control 186 Priests and cult personnel 187 The imperial cult 190 8 Municipal Italy 1: constitutions and political life of the city 195 How cities were constituted: municipal charters 202 Roman magistrates and pre-Roman survivals 206 Roman control\praefecti, curators and senatorial supervision 207 Divisions within the city: Pagi and Vici 209 Municipal career structures and the political process 210 9 Municipal Italy 2: the social structure of the city 215 Euergetism and the idea of munificence 224 Building and munificence 225 “Bread and circuses”: Games and sportulae 229 Commemorations and honorific inscriptions 232 Euergetism and the law 234 Municipal patrons: appointment, status and activities 235 Social rules and attitudes 238 Municipal senators 240 Equestrian careers 242 Veterans in Italy 242 Local patriotism 243 Augustales 245 Slaves and freedmen 247 Collegia and their activities 248 Notes 253 Bibliography 265 Index 271 vii List of illustrations 1. Pre-Roman Italy: major settlements 3 2. Pre-Roman Italy: principal ethnic groups 4 3. Roman colonization in Italy, 338-89 BC 33 4. Roman colonization in Italy, 89 BC-AD 300 34 5. Roman Italy: the Augustan regions 85 6. Minturnae: theatre and temples 113 7. Settefinestre: plan of the Roman villa 141 8. Pietrabbondante: plan of the sanctuary 170 9. Pompeii: the forum [c. AD 100] 226 Vlll Preface Italy plays a vitally important part in the history of Rome. Italians formed an inte­ gral part of the Roman state, in a way that was not true of any of the other peoples conquered by Rome, and as such, had a unique and privileged position in the Roman world. The social and cultural history of Italy, one of the most densely ur­ banized regions in pre-modern European history, is also a subject of great com­ plexity, which is essential for understanding how Rome itself developed. Until recently, there was comparatively little ongoing research on the history of Roman Italy, despite the wealth of literary and epigraphic data and the enormous (and ever-expanding) body of archaeological data. In the last ten years, however, this situation has changed radically, and there is now a large quantity of new research on Italy and its relations with Rome, using both traditional methodology and newly developed theoretical approaches. This volume largely arises out of several years of attempting to teach courses on Roman Italy without the benefit of a user-friendly collection of sources to rec­ ommend to students, particularly those with no knowledge of ancient languages. Its main aim is to fill this gap, giving readers without a grasp of Greek and Latin access to source material on Roman Italy, but it also seeks to put these data in con­ text and to provide an insight into the main issues and developments of the period 338 BC-AD 200. I would like to thank the Leverhulme Trust for their generous financial sup­ port during the preparation of this volume, and Dr T. J. Cornell and Mr J. J. Paterson for their comments and assistance. ix

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.