Rocketry: Science and Technology. Raketenbau: Wissenschaft und Technik: Учебное пособие

134 Pages·2018·1.144 MB·Russian

by  Войтальянова Я. И., Новоселова В. О., Подпорина Н. М., Шихалева И. А.

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации
Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий
имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева

ROCKETRY: SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY

RAKETENBAU: WISSENSCHAFT
UND TECHNIK

Утверждено редакционно-издательским советом университета
в качестве учебного пособия для студентов
по направлению подготовки 24.00.00
«Авиационная и ракетно-космическая техника»
всех форм обучения

Красноярск 2018
1
УДК 811.1/.2(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ+81.2Нем я73
R68

Авторы:
Я. И. Войтальянова, В. О. Новоселова,
Н. М. Подпорина, И. А. Шихалева

Рецензенты:
кандидат филологических наук, доцент В. А. ДЯТЛОВА
(Красноярский государственный педагогический университет
имени В. П. Астафьева);
член редакционно-издательского совета М. А. ЛЯЧИН
(Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий
имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева)

Rocketry: Science and Technology. Raketenbau: Wissenschaft und
R68 Technik : учеб. пособие / Я. И. Войтальянова, В. О. Новоселова,
Н. М. Подпорина, И. А. Шихалева ; СибГУ им. М. Ф. Решетнева. –
Красноярск, 2018. – 134 с.

Предназначено для студентов направления подготовки 24.00.00
«Авиационная и ракетно-космическая техника» всех форм обучения,
изучающих дисциплину «Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере».
Материал пособия знакомит студентов с технической и научной
терминологией, расширяет кругозор в области науки и техники, помогает
совершенствовать навыки перевода, понимания текстов и умения выражать
свои мысли по специальности на иностранном языке. Кроме того, широкое
применение аутентичных видеоматериалов способствует формированию
у студентов современного вокабуляра, развивает умение воспринимать
иноязычную речь на слух.

УДК 811.1/.2(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ+81.2Нем я73

© СибГУ им. М. Ф. Решетнева, 2018
© Войтальянова Я. И., Новоселова В. О.,
Подпорина Н. М., Шихалева И. А., 2018
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ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

Предисловие .............................................................................................. 4

Module I (English) ...................................................................................... 5
Unit 1. Rocket Engine Types ................................................................... 5
Unit 2. Missiles ...................................................................................... 24
Unit 3. Rocketry ..................................................................................... 45
Unit 4. Control Systems ......................................................................... 55

Module II (English) .................................................................................. 69
Unit 1. Basic Principles of Rocketry ..................................................... 69
Unit 2. Advanced Rocket Engines ......................................................... 84
Unit 3. Spacecrafts ................................................................................. 95
Unit 4. Navigation Systems ................................................................. 103

Modul III (Deutsch) ............................................................................... 113
Lektion 1. Wie funktionieren die Raketen? ......................................... 113
Lektion 2. Triebwerke .......................................................................... 117
Lektion 3. Flugfuhrung von Raumflugkorpern .................................... 125

Послесловие .......................................................................................... 131

Библиографический список .............................................................. 132

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ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

В условиях развития современной науки и технологий в области
космических исследований необходимость изучения английского
языка для специальных целей в технических вузах резко возрастает.
Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов направления
подготовки 24.00.00 «Авиационная и ракетно-космическая техника»
всех форм обучения.
Пособие состоит из трех модулей.
Модуль I на английском языке включает в себя четыре раздела:
Unit 1. Rocket Engine Types; Unit 2. Missiles; Unit 3. Rocketry; Unit 4.
Control Systems.
Модуль II на английском языке включает в себя четыре раздела:
Unit 1. Basic Principles of Rocketry; Unit 2. Advanced Rocket Engines;
Unit 3. Spacecrafts; Unit 4. Navigation Systems.
Модуль III на немецком языке включает в себя три раздела:
Lektion 1. Wie funktionieren die Raketen?; Lektion 2. Triebwerke; Lektion
3. Flugfuhrung von Raumflugkorpern.
Данные модули способствуют совершенствованию навыков
перевода, понимания текстов и умения выражать свои мысли по
специальности на иностранном языке. В ходе изучения дисциплины
студенты смогут упорядочить свои знания, а широкое применение
аутентичных видеоматериалов поможет формированию современного
научного и профессионального вокабуляра, развитию умения
воспринимать иноязычную речь на слух, а кроме того, повысит моти-
вацию студентов, расширит их кругозор в области науки и техники.
В пособие включены специально подобранные тексты по
новейшим и перспективным техническим разработкам в области
космических исследований. Тщательно составленные упражнения
дают возможность отработать различные языковые навыки и умения:
reading, writing, speaking, listening. Тематика текстов для рефери-
рования и обсуждения соответствует реально существующим
направлениям подготовки.
Учебное пособие содержит необходимый материал для комп-
лексной работы над курсом «Иностранный язык в профессиональной
сфере» и может использоваться как отдельно, так и в комплексе
с базовым учебником.
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MODULE I

Unit 1. ROCKET ENGINE TYPES

Vocabulary A

to alleviate облегчать, смягчать
combustion gases газы, выделяющиеся при горении
decompression chamber декомпрессионная камера
escape velocity скорость отрыва
free space безвоздушное пространство
G-load перегрузка
launch запускать
liquid fueled rocket ракета с жидкостным ракетным
топливом
milestone веха, ключевая точка
motion движение, ход
mph. = miles per hour миль в час
multi stage rocket многоступенчатая ракета
to propel приводить в движение, двигать
reactive forces реактивная сила
re-entry вход в атмосферу
solid fuel твердое топливо
steering rudder руль управления
surface поверхность
tank бак, резервуар
velocity быстродействие, скорость
warfare война, военные действия

1. Fill in the gaps with the words from the box.

escape velocity decompression reactive forces velocity
decompression chamber motion milestone
combustion chamber solid fuel propel

1. … blew out a window in the plane.
2. Jupiter is a very massive planet, and its … is correspondingly high.
3. Slow at first, the … gathered speed until it was too dazzling for the
eye to follow.
5
4. Divers are recovered from the water to the surface, where they
transfer to the decompression chamber.
5. The tiny rocket is attached to the spacecraft and is designed to …
it toward Mars.
6. His decision to accept the university’s offer was an important … in
his career.
7. … is one type of the propellant used to operate a rocket.
8. The spacecraft moves in space with the help of … .
9. The pressure of the expanding gas gets converted to … .
10. The multi-point fuel injection system ensures that the right mix
of air and fuel reach the … of the engine.

2. Translate the following phrases and word combinations.

1) rocket invention tops the list; 2) it takes a rocket 8 mins to reach a
speed of; 3) which are regarded as milestones; 4) liquid fuel rocket design;
5) pioneer in space flight; 6) to alleviate the G-loads of launch and re-
entry; 7) to reach escape velocity; 8) liquid hydrogen and oxygen will be
required; 9) he was given the recognition; 10) to conduct the experiments;
11) also fitted it with a parachute recovery system; 12) was put in charge of
rocket experimentation.

3. Complete the table. Use a dictionary to help you.

Verb General noun Person Adjective
invent invention
design
launch
innovate
use
develop
conduct

4. Read and translate the text.

ROCKET ENGINE INVENTION

Of the many inventions in Science, rocket invention tops the list.
Robert Goddard launched the world’s first liquid fueled rocket in Auburn,
Massachusetts. It takes a rocket 8 mins to reach a speed of 15,000 mph.
Before Goddard most of the rockets used solid fuel to propel the rockets.
6
The combustion gases in a solid rocket motor are at a temperature of 6,100
degrees Fahrenheit, which is two thirds the temperature on the surface of
the sun.
The liquid fuel rocket was invented by Robert Goddard. It took its
first flight on March 16, 1926. Goddard developed two of the main designs
which are regarded as milestones in space flight. One was the multi-stage
rocket and the second one, liquid fuel rocket design.
Rocket innovation dates back to as early as 1200 AD. It was used in
China for warfare against the Mongols. But rockets were mainly used in
warfare and in fireworks. It wasn’t until the 20th century that rockets were
being experimented for spaceflight. One of the main pioneers in space
flight is a Russian mathematician, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. In his earliest
manuscripts, Astronomical Drawings, he wrote about the solar system and
ways of motion in free space and zero gravity.
Tsiolkovsky drew the primitive design of a true Space Craft, which
moved in outer space with the help of reactive forces. He designed the
space rocket model. He never actually built a rocket but this model he
designed was a three level rocket with a control room, decompression
chamber, oxygen tanks and water filled “bathtubs” to alleviate the G-loads
of launch and re-entry. On the third level he installed the machinery with
liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen tanks and steering rudders through the
exhaust at the bottom. He published “the Space train rockets” in 1929
which was about multi-stage rockets in which he mentions that multi stage
rockets is the only way to reach escape velocity and fly into orbit.
His work had the mathematical formulas for space travel, space suits
and even space showers for the astronauts. He suggested that liquid
hydrogen and oxygen will be required to travel to space. But his work did
not get any credence and was mostly ignored at that time until later when
he was given the recognition in Soviet as the inventor of rocket. But Robert
Goddard is credited with the liquid fuel rockets which he came up with in
the 1920s. Jerome Hunsaker a rocket scientist wrote, “Every liquid-filled
rocket that flies is a Goddard rocket”. He is today credited as the Father of
Space age.
He got dedicated to developing a rocket after his inspiring day on
October 19th. He was ridiculed as the moon-rocket man by a local
newspaper. He did not take too much interest in his schoolwork. But later
on Charles Lindenbergh took interest in his work and convinced Daniel
Gugenheim to give him a $50,000 grant. The Grant helped him to relocate
to Roswell in New Mexico to conduct his experiments. It is here that he
made a lot of progress in developing a gyroscope stabilizing device to get
7
his rocket in a straight path into the air and also fitted it with a parachute
recovery system which is used to this day. But his work was not taken
seriously by the US military. On a parallel note Wernher von Braun from
Germany was put in charge of rocket experimentation and he developed
the “A series” rocket engines. His work was similar to Goddard’s.

5. Answer the following questions.

1. Who launched the world’s first liquid fueled rocket in Auburn,
Massachusetts?
2. What fuel did most of the rockets use Before Goddard?
3. What is the temperature of the combustion gases in a solid rocket
motor?
4. Where did the first rockets appear?
5. What were the first rockets used for?
6. When were rockets being experimented for spaceflight?
7. Who was one of the main pioneers in space flight in Russia?
8. What was Tsiolkovsky’s input into the development of rocketry?
9. Who suggested that liquid hydrogen and oxygen will be required
to travel to space?
10. What is Wernher von Braun famous for?

6. Find it out whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F).
Correct the false sentences.

1. Robert Goddard launched the world’s first solid fueled rocket in
the USA.
2. It takes a rocket 18 mins to reach a speed of 15,000 mph.
3. Before Goddard most of the rockets used solid propellant.
4. Goddard developed one main design of a liquid fuel rocket which
is regarded as a very important event in the development of space flight.
5. Rockets were being experimented for spaceflight long before the
20th century.
6. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky was one of the first scientists to write
about space flight.
7. Tsiolkovsky was also one of the first to build a rocket which
moved in outer space with the help of reactive forces.
8. Robert Goddard supposed that liquid hydrogen and oxygen will be
necessary to travel to space.
9. Tsiolkovsky’s work was noticed at once and he was given the
recognition as the inventor of a rocket.
8
10. The Grant helped Robert Goddard to make a lot of progress in
developing a gyroscope stabilizing device to get his rocket in a straight
path into the air.

7. Find the English equivalents in the text.

1) изобретение ракеты; 2) ракета на жидком топливе;
3) приводить в движение; 4) газообразные продукты сгорания;
5) поверхность солнца; 6) веха; 7) военное дело; 8) полет в космос;
9) космическое пространство; 10) первооткрыватель; 11) нулевая
гравитация; 12) декомпрессионная камера; 13) емкость для кислорода;
14) гравитационная перегрузка при запуске; 15) рулевое управление;
16) скорость.

8. Match the following synonyms from the text.

1) invention a) highlight
2) pioneer b) start
3) design c) burning
4) propel d) fighting
5) recognition e) drawing
6) combustion f) development
7) launch g) container
8) tank h) explorer
9) warfare i) acknowledgment
10) milestone j) push

9. Match the parts of the sentences.

1) Of the many inventions in a) at a temperature of 6,100
Science, degrees Fahrenheit.

2) His work had the mathematical b) used solid fuel to propel the
formulas for space travel, space rockets.
suits
c) will be required to travel to
3) One of the main pioneers in
space.
space flight is a Russian

mathematician, d) Robert Goddard.

4) The Grant helped him to e) rocket invention tops the list.
relocate to Roswell in New Mexico

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5) Before Goddard most of the f) and even space showers for the
rockets astronauts.

6) Tsiolkovsky suggested that g) never actually built a rocket.
liquid hydrogen and oxygen
h) to conduct his experiments.

7) The liquid fuel rocket was
i) a Goddard rocket.
invented by

8) The combustion gases in a solid j) Konstantin Tsiolkovsky.
rocket motor are

9) Every liquid-filled rocket that
flies is

10) Tsiolkovsky

10. Make a brief report about the invention of the rockets and
scientists involved (15–20 sentences).

Vocabulary B

acceleration ускорение
case оболочка, кожух
compound химическое соединение, смесь
combustion горение, сгорание
combustion chamber камера сгорания
entire весь, целиком
erratic неустойчивый, беспорядочный
excess лишний, чрезмерный
gunpowder порох
igniter воспламенитель, запальное устройство
to inject впрыскивать
insulation изоляция
nozzle сопло
to operate работать; приводить в действие, управлять
oxidizer окислитель
to permit разрешать, позволять
precise точный
propellant топливо (ракетное или для реактивных
двигателей)
pump насос
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