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Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease: With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access, 8e PDF

1465 Pages·2009·125.6 MB·English
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Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease This page intentionally left blank Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease Eighth Edition VINAY KUMAR, MBBS, MD, FRCPath Alice Hogge and Arthur Baer Professor Chairman, Department of Pathology Executive Vice Dean, Division of Biologic Sciences and The Pritzker School of Medicine The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois ABUL K. ABBAS, MBBS Professor and Chairman, Department of Pathology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, California NELSON FAUSTO, MD Professor and Chairman, Department of Pathology University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle, Washington JON C. ASTER, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts With Illustrations by James A. Perkins, MS, MFA 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 ROBBINS AND COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE, 8/E ISBN: 978-1-4160-3121-5 Copyright © 2010 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. International Edition ISBN: 978-0-8089-2402-9 Professional Edition ISBN: 978-1-4377-0792-2 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Health Sciences Rights Department in Philadelphia, PA, USA: phone: (+1) 215 239 3804, fax: (+1) 215 239 3805, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request online via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions”. Notice Neither the Publisher nor the Editors assume any responsibility for any loss or injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use of the material contained in this book. It is the responsibility of the treating practitioner, relying on independent expertise and knowledge of the patient, to determine the best treatment and method of application for the patient. The Publisher Previous editions copyrighted 2004, 1999, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1979, 1974 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease. – 8th ed. / Vinay Kumar . . . [et al.] ; with illustrations by James A. Perkins. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4160-3121-5 1. Pathology. I. Robbins, Stanley L. (Stanley Leonard), 1915- II. Kumar, Vinay, 1944- III. Title: Pathologic basis of disease. [DNLM: 1. Pathology. QZ 4 R6354 2010] RB111.R62 2010 616.07–dc22 2008007812 Executive Editor: William Schmitt Managing Editor: Rebecca Gruliow Publishing Services Manager: Joan Sinclair Design Direction: Ellen Zanolle Working together to grow libraries in developing countries Printed in China www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 With gratitude and affection to Raminder Kumar Ann Abbas Ann DeLancey Erin Malone This page intentionally left blank Contributors Charles E. Alpers, MD Matthew P. Frosch, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology, Adjunct Professor of Medicine, Associate Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; University of Washington School of Medicine; Pathologist, Director, C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Massa- University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA chusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA The Kidney Peripheral Nerve and Skeletal Muscle; The Central Nervous System Douglas C. Anthony, MD, PhD Professor and Chair, Department of Pathology and Anatomi- Ralph H. Hruban, MD cal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO Professor of Pathology and Oncology, The Sol Goldman Peripheral Nerve and Skeletal Muscle; The Central Nervous Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins System University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD The Pancreas James M. Crawford, MD, PhD Senior Vice President for Laboratory Services; Chair, Depart- ment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, North Shore– Aliya N. Husain, MBBS Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY Professor, Department of Pathology, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL Liver and Biliary Tract The Lung Umberto De Girolami, MD Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Director of Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, MD, PhD Neuropathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Associate Professor of Pathology and Oncology, The Sol MA Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Peripheral Nerve and Skeletal Muscle; The Central Nervous Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD System The Pancreas Lora Hedrick Ellenson, MD Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Professor of Alexander J.F. Lazar, MD, PhD Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Attending Pathologist, Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology and Dermatol- New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY ogy, Sections of Dermatopathology and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Pathology, Faculty of Sarcoma Research Center, University of The Female Genital Tract Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX Jonathan I. Epstein, MD The Skin Professor of Pathology, Urology, and Oncology; The Reinhard Professor of Urologic Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Univer- Susan C. Lester, MD, PhD sity School of Medicine; Director of Surgical Pathology, The Assistant Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD Breast Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital System The Breast Robert Folberg, MD Dean, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Mark W. Lingen, DDS, PhD Medicine, Rochester, MI; Chief Academic Offi cer, Beaumont Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Pritzker School Hospitals, Royal Oak, MI of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL The Eye Head and Neck vii viii Contributors Chen Liu, MD, PhD Andrew E. Rosenberg, MD Associate Professor of Pathology, Immunology and Professor, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Laboratory Medicine; Director, Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathologist, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA Pathology, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Tumors Gainesville, FL Liver and Biliary Tract Frederick J. Schoen, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology and Health Sciences and Technology, Anirban Maitra, MBBS Harvard Medical School; Director, Cardiac Pathology and Associate Professor of Pathology and Oncology, The Johns Executive Vice Chairman, Department of Pathology, Brigham Hopkins University School of Medicine; Pathologist, The and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD Blood Vessels; The Heart Diseases of Infancy and Childhood; The Endocrine System Arlene H. Sharpe, MD, PhD Alexander J. McAdam, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Assistant Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Immunology Research Division, Department of Pathology, Medical Director, Infectious Diseases Diagnostic Laboratory, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Thomas Stricker, MD, PhD Richard N. Mitchell, MD Orthopedic Pathology Fellow, Department of Pathology, Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Harvard Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Medical School; Director, Human Pathology, Harvard-MIT Chicago, IL Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical Neoplasia School; Staff Pathologist, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA Jerrold R. Turner, MD, PhD Hemodynamic Disorders, Thromboembolic Disease, and Professor and Associate Chair, Department of Pathology, Shock; Blood Vessels; The Heart Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL George F. Murphy, MD The Gastrointestinal Tract Professor of Pathology, Harvard Medical School; Director of Dermatopathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA The Skin Edyta C. Pirog, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weil Medical College of Cornell University; Associate Attending Patholo- gist, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY The Female Genital Tract Preface: The Golden Jubilee Edition As we launch the 8th edition of Pathologic Basis of Disease we complex human diseases like cancer and diabetes, have also pause to look back 50 years ago, when the fi rst edition of this been added. book, entitled “Pathology with Clinical Correlations” was Chapter 9 has been completely revised and reorganized in published. (For those who may not know, the fi rst three edi- view of the increasing importance of environmental factors tions were published under this name and so the current “8th in human diseases. edition” is really the 11th edition of this book.) Chapter 17 has been completely rewritten and highlights In the preface of the fi rst edition, Stanley Robbins wrote: new insights into the pathogenesis of infl ammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancers. “But the study of morphology is only one facet of pathol- Chapter 22, covering diseases of the female genital tract, ogy. Pathology contributes much to clinical medicine. includes discussion of the molecular basis of cancer, endo- The pathologist is interested not only in the recognition metriosis, and preeclampsia. of structural alterations, but also in their signifi cance, In addition to the revision and reorganization of the text, i.e., the effects of these changes on cellular and tissue many new photographs and schematics have been added function and ultimately the effect of these changes on the and a large number of the older “gems” have been enhanced patient. It is not a discipline isolated from the living by digital technology. Thus, we hope that even the veterans patient, but rather a basic approach to a better under- of Robbins Pathology will fi nd the illustrations and fi gures standing of disease and therefore a foundation of sound sparkling and fresh. clinical medicine.” “The why’s and how’s are as important as the what’s.” Wherever appropriate, we have blended new discoveries into the discussion of pathogenesis and pathophysiology, In today’s vocabulary, what Robbins said in 1957 was that while never losing sight that the “state of the art” has little pathology is the study of the mechanism of diseases and mor- value if it does not enhance the understanding of disease phology is a tool (the only one available at that time) to gain mechanisms. As in the past, we have not avoided discussions insight into pathogenesis and clinical correlations. Over the of “unsolved” problems because of our belief that many who past 50 years, this focus has not changed and it remains the read the text might be encouraged to embark on a path of guiding principle for the current edition. The main difference discovery. is that now we have many more tools to supplement morphol- Despite the changes highlighted above, our goals remain the ogy, including molecular biology, genetics, and informatics, to same as those articulated by Robbins and Cotran over the past name a few. Indeed, it might be said that this book presents the many years. molecular basis of human disease with clinical correlations. This edition, like all previous ones, has been extensively revised, To integrate into the discussion of pathologic processes and and some areas have been completely rewritten. A few exam- disorders the newest established information available— ples of signifi cant changes are as follows: morphologic as well as molecular. To organize information into logical and uniform presenta- Chapter 1 has been completely reorganized to include the tions, facilitating readability, comprehension, and entire spectrum of cellular responses to injury, from adap- learning. tations and sublethal injury to cell death. To maintain the book at a reasonable size and yet Chapter 3, covering tissue repair and wound healing, has provide adequate discussion of the signifi cant lesions, been extensively revised to include new and exciting infor- processes, and disorders. Indeed, we have reduced the girth mation on stem cell biology, growth factor signaling, and and the weight of this book by trimming out about 80 pages the mechanisms that underlie fi brosis. (making it less useful for weight lifting). Chapter 5 includes a completely rewritten section on To place great emphasis on clarity of writing and proper molecular diagnosis that refl ects rapid advances in DNA use of language in the recognition that struggling to sequencing technology. The principles of genome-wide comprehend is time-consuming and wearisome and gets in analysis, now becoming a powerful tool in the study of the way of the learning process. ix

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