Table Of Content

Student CONSULT Study smart with Elsevier | StudentConsult.com Transform the way you learn. Compatible with PC, Mac®, most mobile devices, and eReaders, Student Consult allows you to browse, search, and interact with this title – online and offline. Redeem your PIN at studentconsult.com today! PIN REDEMPTION INSTRUCTIONS Start using these innovative features today: (cid:125) Seamless, real-time integration between devices 1. Login or Sign Up at StudentConsult.com 2. Scratch off your PIN code below (cid:125) Straightforward navigation and search 3. Enter PIN into the “Redeem a Book Code” box (cid:125) Notes and highlights sharing with other users 4. Click “Redeem” through social media 5. Go to “My Library” (cid:125) Enhanced images with annotations, labels, and hot spots for zooming on specific details * (cid:125) Live streaming video and animations * (cid:125) Self-assessment tools such as questions embedded within the text and multiple-format quizzes * * some features vary by title Use of the current edition of the electronic version of this book (eBook) is subject to the terms of the nontransferable, limited license granted on StudentConsult.com. Access to the eBook is limited to the first individual who redeems the PIN, located on the inside cover of this book, at StudentConsult.com and may not be transferred to another party by resale, lending, or other means. For technical assistance: Email: [email protected]; Call: within the US and Canada: 800-401-9962; outside the US and Canada: +1-314-447-8200 ROBBINS AND COTRAN. Where an effective understanding of disease begins. A current and accurate Robbins & Cotran Pathologic understanding of Basis of Disease, 9th Edition pathophysiology is integral with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access Kumar, Abbas & Aster to effective practice in 2015. ISBN: 978-1-4557-2613-4 every specialty. No sources deliver that understanding Pocket Companion to Robbins & Cotran Pathologic like the Robbins and Cotran Basis of Disease, 9th Edition family! Robbins and Cotran with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access Mitchell et al. Pathologic Basis of Disease, 2015. ISBN: 978-1-4557-5416-8 Robbins Basic Pathology, Robbins and Cotran and their many companion Atlas of Pathology, 3rd Edition resources deliver the clear, with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access Klatt up-to-date explanations of 2015. ISBN: 978-1-4557-4876-1 disease mechanisms you Robbins and Cotran Review need to succeed. of Pathology, 4th Edition with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access Klatt & Kumar 2015. ISBN: 978-1-4557-5155-6 Pick up your Robbins and Cotran Pathology copies today! Flash Cards, 2nd Edition with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access elsevierhealth.com Klatt or 800-545-2522 2015. ISBN: 978-0-3233-5222-2 Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th Edition with STUDENT CONSULT Online Access Kumar, Abbas & Aster 2013. ISBN: 978-1-4377-1781-5 Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease This page intentionally left blank ROBBINS AND COTRAN Pathologic Basis of Disease N I N T H E D I T I O N Vinay Kumar, MBBS, MD, FRCPath Donald N. Pritzker Professor and Chairman, Department of Pathology Biologic Sciences Division and The Pritzker School of Medicine The University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Abul K. Abbas, MBBS Distinguished Professor and Chair Department of Pathology University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California Jon C. Aster, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology Harvard Medical School Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY James A. Perkins, MS, MFA Get more from this publication online 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 ROBBINS AND COTRAN PATHOLOGIC BASIS OF DISEASE, Ninth Edition ISBN: 978-1-4557-2613-4 International edition ISBN: 978-0-8089-2450-0 Professional Edition ISBN: 978-0-323-26616-1 Copyright © 2015, 2010, 2004, 1999, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1979, 1974 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease / [edited by] Vinay Kumar, Abul K. Abbas, Jon C. Aster ; with illustrations by James A. Perkins.—Ninth edition. p. ; cm. Pathologic basis of disease Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4557-2613-4 (hardback : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-8089-2450-0 (international edition : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-323-26616-1 (professional edition : alk. paper) I. Kumar, Vinay, 1944- editor. II. Abbas, Abul K., editor. III. Aster, Jon C., editor. IV. Title: Pathologic basis of disease. [DNLM: 1. Pathologic Processes. QZ 140] RB111 616.07—dc23 2014017443 Executive Content Strategist: William Schmitt Manager, Content Development: Rebecca Gruliow Publishing Services Manager: Anne Altepeter Project Manager: Jennifer Nemec Design Direction: Lou Forgione Printed in Canada Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 DEDICATION To Our teachers For inspiring us To Our students For constantly challenging us To our spouses Raminder Kumar Ann Abbas Erin Malone For their unconditional support This page intentionally left blank Contributors Charles E. Alpers, MD Robert Folberg, MD Professor and Vice-Chair Founding Dean and Professor of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pathology Pathology, and Ophthalmology University of Washington School of Medicine Oakland University William Beaumont School of Pathologist Medicine University of Washington Medical Center Rochester, Michigan Seattle, Washington Chief Academic Officer The Kidney Beaumont Hospitals Royal Oak, Michigan Douglas C. Anthony, MD, PhD The Eye Professor Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Matthew P. Frosch, MD, PhD Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Lawrence J. Henderson Associate Professor of Chief of Pathology Pathology and Health Sciences and Technology Lifespan Academic Medical Center Harvard Medical School Providence, Rhode Island Director The Central Nervous System; Peripheral Nerves and Neuropathology Core Skeletal Muscles Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Anthony Chang, MD The Central Nervous System Associate Professor of Pathology Director of Renal Pathology Andrew Horvai, MD, PhD Department of Pathology Professor The University of Chicago Department of Pathology Chicago, Illinois Associate Director of Surgical Pathology The Kidney University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California Umberto De Girolami, MD Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissue Tumors Professor of Pathology Harvard Medical School Ralph H. Hruban, MD Director of Neuropathology Professor of Pathology and Oncology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Director of the Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Boston, Massachusetts Research Center The Central Nervous System The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland Lora Hedrick Ellenson, MD The Pancreas Professor and Director of Gynecologic Pathology Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Aliya N. Husain, MBBS New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Professor Medical College Department of Pathology, Director of Pulmonary, Attending Pathologist Pediatric and Cardiac Pathology New York Presbyterian Hospital Pritzker School of Medicine New York, New York The University of Chicago The Female Genital Tract Chicago, Illinois The Lung Jonathan I. Epstein, MD Professor of Pathology, Urology, and Oncology Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue, MD, PhD The Reinhard Professor of Urologic Pathology Attending Physician The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Pathology Director of Surgical Pathology Associate Director for Translational Research The Johns Hopkins Hospital Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research Baltimore, Maryland Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center The Lower Urinary Tract and Male Genital System New York, New York The Pancreas