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Risky Behavior among Youths (cid:2) ANationalBureau ofEconomicResearch ConferenceReport (cid:2) Risky Behavior among Youths An Economic Analysis Jonathan Gruber Editedby TheUniversityofChicagoPress ChicagoandLondon Jonathan Gruber isprofessorofeconomicsattheMassachusetts InstituteofTechnologyandaresearchassociateofanddirectorofthe ProgramonChildrenattheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch. TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637 TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,London (cid:3)2001bytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch Allrightsreserved.Published2001 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10090807060504030201 12345 ISBN:0-226-31013-2(cloth) LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Riskybehavioramongyouths:aneconomicanalysis/editedby JonathanGruber. p. cm.—(ANationalBureauofEconomicResearch conferencereport) “PaperspresentedataconferenceheldattheSouthSeas Plantation,inDecember1999”—Ack. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-226-31013-2(cloth:alk.paper) 1.Youth—Psychology—Economicaspects—Congresses. 2.Risktaking(Psychology)inadolescence—Economicaspects— Congresses. 3.Decisionmakinginadolescence—Economic aspects—Congresses. I.Gruber,Jonathan. II.Conferencereport (NationalBureauofEconomicResearch) HQ796.R554 2001 305.235—dc21 00-047973 oThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimum requirementsoftheAmericanNationalStandardforInformation Sciences—PermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials, ANSIZ39.48-1992. NationalBureauofEconomicResearch Officers CarlF.Christ,chairman SusanColligan,corporatesecretary KathleenB.Cooper,vice-chairman KellyHorak,controllerandassistant MartinFeldstein,presidentandchief corporatesecretary executiveofficer GerardineJohnson,assistantcorporate RobertMednick,treasurer secretary DirectorsatLarge PeterC.Aldrich MartinFeldstein RudolphA.Oswald ElizabethE.Bailey StephenFriedman RobertT.Parry JohnH.Biggs GeorgeHatsopoulos PeterG.Peterson AndrewBrimmer KarenN.Horn RichardN.Rosett CarlF.Christ JudyC.Lewent KathleenP.Utgoff DonR.Conlan JohnLipsky Marinav.N.Whitman KathleenB.Cooper LeoMelamed MartinB.Zimmerman GeorgeC.Eads MichaelH.Moskow DirectorsbyUniversityAppointment GeorgeAkerlof,California,Berkeley JoelMokyr,Northwestern JagdishBhagwati,Columbia AndrewPostlewaite,Pennsylvania WilliamC.Brainard,Yale NathanRosenberg,Stanford GlenG.Cain,Wisconsin MichaelRothschild,Princeton FranklinFisher,MassachusettsInstitute CraigSwan,Minnesota ofTechnology DavidB.Yoffie,Harvard SaulH.Hymans,Michigan ArnoldZellner,Chicago MarjorieB.McElroy,Duke DirectorsbyAppointmentofOtherOrganizations MarcelBoyer,CanadianEconomics RichardD.Rippe,NationalAssociationfor Association BusinessEconomics MarkDrabenstott,AmericanAgricultural JohnJ.Siegfried,AmericanEconomic EconomicsAssociation Association GailD.Fosler,TheConferenceBoard DavidA.Smith,AmericanFederationof A.RonaldGallant,AmericanStatistical LaborandCongressofIndustrial Association Organizations RobertS.Hamada,AmericanFinance JoshS.Weston,CommitteeforEconomic Association Development RobertMednick,AmericanInstituteof GavinWright,EconomicHistory CertifiedPublicAccountants Association DirectorsEmeriti MosesAbramovitz FranklinA.Lindsay EliShapiro ThomasD.Flynn PaulW.McCracken LawrenceR.Klein BertSeidman Sincethisvolumeisarecordofconferenceproceedings,ithasbeenexemptedfromthe rulesgoverningcriticalreviewofmanuscriptsbytheBoardofDirectorsoftheNational Bureau(resolutionadopted8June1948,asrevised21November1949and20April1968). To my wife, Andrea, whose constant support was very helpful in making this project a reality, and to my children, Ava, Jack, and Sam Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 JonathanGruber 1. RiskyBehavioramongYouths:SomeIssues fromBehavioralEconomics 29 TedO’DonoghueandMatthewRabin 2. YouthSmokingintheUnitedStates: EvidenceandImplications 69 JonathanGruberandJonathanZinman 3. TeensandTrafficSafety 121 ThomasS.DeeandWilliamN.Evans 4. TheSexualActivityandBirth-ControlUse ofAmericanTeenagers 167 PhillipB.Levine 5. ExplainingtheRiseinYouthSuicide 219 DavidM.Cutler,EdwardL.Glaeser, andKarenE.Norberg 6. MarijuanaandYouth 271 RosalieLiccardoPacula,MichaelGrossman, FrankJ.Chaloupka,PatrickM.O’Malley, LloydD.Johnston,andMatthewC.Farrelly 7. TheDeterminantsofJuvenileCrime 327 StevenD.LevittandLanceLochner ix

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Every day young people engage in risky behaviors that affect not only their immediate well-being but their long-term health and safety. These well-honed essays apply diverse economic analyses to a wide range of unsafe activities, including teen drinking and driving, smoking, drug use, unprotected se
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551 Pages·2001·1.85 MB·English
by  Jonathan Gruber
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Risky Behavior among Youths (cid:2) ANationalBureau ofEconomicResearch ConferenceReport (cid:2) Risky Behavior among Youths An Economic Analysis Jonathan Gruber Editedby TheUniversityofChicagoPress ChicagoandLondon Jonathan Gruber isprofessorofeconomicsattheMassachusetts InstituteofTechnologyandaresearchassociateofanddirectorofthe ProgramonChildrenattheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch. TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Chicago60637 TheUniversityofChicagoPress,Ltd.,London (cid:3)2001bytheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch Allrightsreserved.Published2001 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10090807060504030201 12345 ISBN:0-226-31013-2(cloth) LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Riskybehavioramongyouths:aneconomicanalysis/editedby JonathanGruber. p. cm.—(ANationalBureauofEconomicResearch conferencereport) “PaperspresentedataconferenceheldattheSouthSeas Plantation,inDecember1999”—Ack. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-226-31013-2(cloth:alk.paper) 1.Youth—Psychology—Economicaspects—Congresses. 2.Risktaking(Psychology)inadolescence—Economicaspects— Congresses. 3.Decisionmakinginadolescence—Economic aspects—Congresses. I.Gruber,Jonathan. II.Conferencereport (NationalBureauofEconomicResearch) HQ796.R554 2001 305.235—dc21 00-047973 oThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimum requirementsoftheAmericanNationalStandardforInformation Sciences—PermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials, ANSIZ39.48-1992. NationalBureauofEconomicResearch Officers CarlF.Christ,chairman SusanColligan,corporatesecretary KathleenB.Cooper,vice-chairman KellyHorak,controllerandassistant MartinFeldstein,presidentandchief corporatesecretary executiveofficer GerardineJohnson,assistantcorporate RobertMednick,treasurer secretary DirectorsatLarge PeterC.Aldrich MartinFeldstein RudolphA.Oswald ElizabethE.Bailey StephenFriedman RobertT.Parry JohnH.Biggs GeorgeHatsopoulos PeterG.Peterson AndrewBrimmer KarenN.Horn RichardN.Rosett CarlF.Christ JudyC.Lewent KathleenP.Utgoff DonR.Conlan JohnLipsky Marinav.N.Whitman KathleenB.Cooper LeoMelamed MartinB.Zimmerman GeorgeC.Eads MichaelH.Moskow DirectorsbyUniversityAppointment GeorgeAkerlof,California,Berkeley JoelMokyr,Northwestern JagdishBhagwati,Columbia AndrewPostlewaite,Pennsylvania WilliamC.Brainard,Yale NathanRosenberg,Stanford GlenG.Cain,Wisconsin MichaelRothschild,Princeton FranklinFisher,MassachusettsInstitute CraigSwan,Minnesota ofTechnology DavidB.Yoffie,Harvard SaulH.Hymans,Michigan ArnoldZellner,Chicago MarjorieB.McElroy,Duke DirectorsbyAppointmentofOtherOrganizations MarcelBoyer,CanadianEconomics RichardD.Rippe,NationalAssociationfor Association BusinessEconomics MarkDrabenstott,AmericanAgricultural JohnJ.Siegfried,AmericanEconomic EconomicsAssociation Association GailD.Fosler,TheConferenceBoard DavidA.Smith,AmericanFederationof A.RonaldGallant,AmericanStatistical LaborandCongressofIndustrial Association Organizations RobertS.Hamada,AmericanFinance JoshS.Weston,CommitteeforEconomic Association Development RobertMednick,AmericanInstituteof GavinWright,EconomicHistory CertifiedPublicAccountants Association DirectorsEmeriti MosesAbramovitz FranklinA.Lindsay EliShapiro ThomasD.Flynn PaulW.McCracken LawrenceR.Klein BertSeidman Sincethisvolumeisarecordofconferenceproceedings,ithasbeenexemptedfromthe rulesgoverningcriticalreviewofmanuscriptsbytheBoardofDirectorsoftheNational Bureau(resolutionadopted8June1948,asrevised21November1949and20April1968). To my wife, Andrea, whose constant support was very helpful in making this project a reality, and to my children, Ava, Jack, and Sam Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 JonathanGruber 1. RiskyBehavioramongYouths:SomeIssues fromBehavioralEconomics 29 TedO’DonoghueandMatthewRabin 2. YouthSmokingintheUnitedStates: EvidenceandImplications 69 JonathanGruberandJonathanZinman 3. TeensandTrafficSafety 121 ThomasS.DeeandWilliamN.Evans 4. TheSexualActivityandBirth-ControlUse ofAmericanTeenagers 167 PhillipB.Levine 5. ExplainingtheRiseinYouthSuicide 219 DavidM.Cutler,EdwardL.Glaeser, andKarenE.Norberg 6. MarijuanaandYouth 271 RosalieLiccardoPacula,MichaelGrossman, FrankJ.Chaloupka,PatrickM.O’Malley, LloydD.Johnston,andMatthewC.Farrelly 7. TheDeterminantsofJuvenileCrime 327 StevenD.LevittandLanceLochner ix

Description:
Every day young people engage in risky behaviors that affect not only their immediate well-being but their long-term health and safety. These well-honed essays apply diverse economic analyses to a wide range of unsafe activities, including teen drinking and driving, smoking, drug use, unprotected se
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