Rhopalomyia lawrenciae, a new gall midge species (Diptera : Cecidomyiidae) deforming leaves of Lawrencia squamata (Malvaceae) in South Australia

7 Pages·1998·1.9 MB·English

by  P Kolesik

TrammlStrnMtftbc Riwit&4 tery ->ts. Ausr, 1 1998), 122(4), 139-143-
RHOPALOMYIA LAWRENC1AE* A NEW GALL MIDGE SPECIES (DIPTERA
CECJDOMYUDAE) DEFORMING LEAVES iWLAWRENCIA SQLAMATA
(MALVACEAE) IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA
bv Peter Kolesik
Summary
Kui.h.siK. P. 11998) Rlwpulomxia taWtwriat. a new gall mtdge speiies (Dlptcra Cccidonniidae) deforming
leaves ol Limniuia \t/iuittni/u (Malvaecael in Soulh Australia i>,ius R. S,i, V, \<<v/, !22<4>, [39-145. 30
November. 1998,
A new gull midge. Kh<>pai<}fn\iit !awrvfuiu£, is described frcun swollen leaves of Unvrvmin w/uamuM
collected on Himlinaiili Island in ihe River Murray esuiury. South Australia. Inside each ofLhc inleslcd leaves
is.a chamberoccupied by one larva oflhc new species. Males, females, pupae and larvaeot the gflfl loidge ate
described. All specimens ofihe host plant lodged in the Stale Herbariumol Soulh Aushulia wete evarmned for
galls Jind this revealed a widegeographic- distribiilion duouejioul lhc slate, A key lo adults (iflhc three Kntnvil
t\ht>iuil'>tttxiti speciesoccurring in Australia. Af. !nwrei;titte, A'. gtfodrtfltoF, a native species damaging stentsof
OooUBUftJ Intuitu and A', uilijimikti. an introduced American species dunmiLmig flower buds of Uaolmris
htitinrifoluK is provided
Kt \ Woimv Gall midge. Cotidonryiidue. Rlun>ulom\iti lawivnciiic. Itinremitt ujttanotti. sallmaish Hal,
Ki\erMurray, Soulh Australia
Introduction
LiuTvnciii is anAustralian plant genus comprising
12 species of" perennial herbs and small shrubs
(Jessop LW&).. Ldwtvncut st/inwicilti Nees in Lelint.
is a rigid s&rub up to I m high, occurring In all
mainland stales (Jessop 1986). Jri Soulh Australia, it
grows on salimarsh flats, sand dunes and rock) cliffs
along die coasl and on sanely soils and marshes
inland. The plant forms part of the shore vegetation
on Ihe saltmarsh Hats n the cstuar> qf the River
Murray where in September, IW\ on lhc south-
eastern coast ofHmdinarsh Island, many leaves of/..
tquamala were found to be swollen (Pig. I). The
swellings were caused by Iflrvao ofan unknown gall Ilj I. Calls ol Hlu>iHih>m\Ui law:tvendue sp_ nov. on
nudge described here. The new species is placed in (.ttwrt'ttcHt sqmnHufu, While arrows mark whole galls,
Rftt'lhiiniHxitt, a large, worldwide genus. The new blackarrow marks a eal! cut open, presumably by birds,
spcctCS becomes the second gall midge described Scale bai = io nun.
Irom Sooth Australian snltmarsb Hals, lhc lir\i.
A\j)hrmd\ikl infl<na Kolesik ill>97) haunt.' been
described last year. one ofiwo ways. A small number was dissected ami
ihe larvae and pupae were presented m 7<>'/> clhauol.
Materials ami MelhmJs A larger number was Icfl ott Ihe branches and kept in
plastic bags lodevelop lo adults. Pupalion took plate
Branches o\' Luwrrntui KCfUMiWU plants bearing within the galls. Emerged adults were preserved in
leafgalls werecollected on Hindinursh Winid. Soulh 70';; elbanol after their colour had been noted.
Australia on X September. l>06. lhc branches were Canada balsam mounts of type specuncus were
I
brought to Ihe laboraloiy and die galls processed in prepared according to the technique oiiilined by
Kolesik [90S), The type scries, and other material
|
(fJatm-jpwirmKwsnl"lvnliiW!,nr(t.i.i(yiO|rtujiis.,| AVmdieclhaIiidiehvI'pMrtpi} OIinGolleunuv6*iWnifi.lint.d rAueslturmaeldiainn 7M0'u,.s*eculmhu.nolA.dealraeiddeepo|siStAedMAi|n thaendSouIlhhe
S Amm -><»,! Auslraliau National luseci Colleelion, Canberra
t
1 1(1 V KOI I.Mis
|ANIC|. A dried sample ol nil uilcstcd plum hi length, slightly curved posteriorly,joining (' anterior
deposited in tlv Stale Herbarium ol'Soulh Australia. lo apex: Ri joining C near wing mill-length: Se cell
Adelaide ISHSAI. All measurements refer to die pigmented and together with Ri and adjaccni part ol
hololype mid p;nal>pes. Invcsligalioii 01 the Ri bearing scales. ClftWS toothed, empodium as long
geographic distribution ol'ihe new species was based as claws, pulvilli hall length empodium.
on examining ihe presence ol galls on dried Abdomen: All tetghes with pairol'sensory setae in
spCClfflCHS Of (hC h(Wl plant deposited in SHS/V The anteriorcorners and row ol setae posteriorly, leigitcs
galls were easily recognisable and SOJUO Still 7 and S additionally with lew selae scattered meso-
coniuinittl pupal skins ol the new gall midge, lalerallv; slermles 2-8 with pail of sensory sciac
anteriorly, a row ol' setae posteriorly Unci u batul **
Genus ttlitifntftwtyin Riibsaaincn. IK92 selue mesally. (icnitalia: gonoo>\ites cyliinlricab
ventral articulalion with gonost_vlus lonecr than
tttu'/hiltwiyiit Kiibsaamen. 18^2: 370 dorsal ai'lu.ulalmn. 5&08C anil setulose: gonostvlus
/\/<c \f><( tt s (.fli^i>tn>phn\ htiunttit t>iu karsch. aboul same width enlire lenglh. setose and setulose
I»7fc VII. Jher. wcsif. Pro\Ver. Wiss. Kunst; 17 Ides. throughout, with slmng looih. comblike disiall\:
katlcr. |>t%: Hf)) ccrci sepaiale. setose and setulose: ttypopfOOl
Khtifxilowyiit is a large, worldwide genus itf die bilobed. with one seta ajiicalh on each lobe.
Ifjbc <>ligolrophini with an undivided eighth female MStUlittft paiametes setulose. with 6-8 SCtOKti apu al
abdoniinal league and uunrdctcly SOtOlOSO papillae aedeagus ctJiucal,
MCfeUlus. Mosi ol the kiiov.n species have a one- lo
thi rcc-segmenlcd palpus, and one specie& be fmt/iei&S* H ID
o\ruloluulrijsieigtm<en-tnetudlip'anlnnp'nsKolesik ( 1(>(>6>. has a thiIcc .c(kAiloltoiws:edlpiaeialds barnodwntlammiiaxnobn-ns>ewlner(olaibsdeodmpeanrtswr}e|d].i
Head: I lagellomeivs 12 Is in number ievmm.il
kjuypalotnyiilaKtiaSwr1w-i1c4t1itu sn. ik^ owniedIsthhosiOoa.vmS:etmiWmmiensdgll.ubls-eelndMg.Mt.hneT2ce,rk(1giathmeomuHlw(7i1|t.uh4les2ii.in7Lg\'tlhennpoa=dne.Soil,
ffolotyfHK ! - Ihndrnaish Island. South Australia sensory setae anleriorly, sclerolisation undivided, in
lis 3J s, l ig 53' I )- u-i\.rH>f.. R Koles.k. roared shape ol letter "\". ()vipt>siior: cerei Itr.ed imn
from a leaf gull on lnwnitcin sqnctWuta Nees in single, terminal sphemid lamella, seiose and
I ehm . gull eolleeled N is l<)%, |SAMA. 121.V>4|. setulose: bvpoproet lomuIrO flpiCallA l|1 doiso
ventral view, bearing (wo selae poslenorl). setulose.
f12t1n4w0v1/1.WW2 :2--. t2, A1 .2' p1uppaupeae|A[NISCA|M. \sam[2e1 dBa5la ( Mlu'i t-haiai )eis as fa male.
bnl uncrged S- 17.i\. \*M(v. \ larvae. ISAMA rufu tiigs i4-ib»
M HP-I2MU5) J larvae |ANIC|, collected with
I lolour: anlennal and Ironlal Imhiis |-icmei)ted
holoivj- brown, irniaining p*iris iiupigrnenied. Lettglll
Othtr tHun'iutl: 27 ' J 1ST V. H pupae. II laivac mm (2,5 2.8. it s 5), Aiitemial bums s(iong bifid
I|tstl\f\l1JV\p|, sUaWmeWidJatuHfUtS7paitsamlsVpaCis.. g'all.COlIcCtcd With INVlontafljOTIhoir1n7,2-p2a0n61ollonpga,piIlkruo'ns.monloevaucah hsiirdee. oIiiU>U
seiose. one aselosr. Iiiplet ot lateral Ijli.'I [Mpillae
Mnf, l| ii". J one setttsc. two aselose. Pioihoi.ru .plrUCU' w"'>
I OlOUl' tlCttdI iIIhI (hnl.|. I \M .ibdolih 11 with seveial inciml.n proluberanees apa.vilb, n;i. |t<si
|. .Mr-i'd i>;111 - imoV. n an<l i -m IcrOti&Cd paj't< eInndkiLnHgiincItvillweolenabhdalolmiannadl d•i.srLgailiielnlisuidniowliespdiraWcillel.i
It.iin Amu-iiii.i m .i|tL- bivadusl disl.illv \is lOTTj) .>' spieulae. \ei\ dense dor-alb. \\^\ djtmil ; i
i i hrtvrtlili. I v i.ir ih p>cdftrcI pedicel brwidci IMVseni
i IrvriJJ lU] -'! 'i— i 14 in luinibci. IHM and
mI ni.il li'-^si. neck aboul 7: Icumh node. Last imtto Isii I'W 4'i--. I } I ':;.
i.iniil.i , i>|Tlpri any (WO n\ms\cr e and (wo Colour: pinkish icd. I englh 2,s mi.., i . i,
i •inldoiiniauldedb.ancd'l-o.s.eItoMgpeuthserthtupavJ^SCiCgnatiC\McCrtiici ICiyVe flti)i.tsIienitoe-kgiutmeieanllncpoovdeermeedswsihlohrtesrpieluhlaane,heHaedadlenw;jiilhh
biil-u; >f> Iufcis Ions:, I abcila roughly henn No -.panda pieseni All p.ipill.ie with \liofi -:i
.ual. laierallv wilh 2-5 setae. ions with 12-20 Thoracic and first abdominal segments wilh paii ol
^e:laie pei side I seniral papillae, iwo pairs ol pleural papillae, ilnee
IImus: Wni'j length 2.2 mm <l.l>-2.4. il = 5). pnh'S ol dorsal papill.ie, AlKlominal -cj-iicmL K wilh
width ID mm (OS-LI); R^ same thickness entire pail ofvenlral papillae. Iwo pairs ol plcuial papill •-
ANEW GALLMIDGE FROM LAWRENC1A SQUAMA/A
141
' ''
<?
,v,^—V%^
V
A
V
6-
Figs 2-7. Male of Rho/xiininvia hiwrenvkte sp, nov, 2, Head in frontal view. 3. Lasi three fkmellonicrev 4. Sixth
fUigellomere. 5. Last tarsomere with claw, enipodium, and ptilvillus. 6. Genitalia in dorsal view. 7. Wing. Scale bars =
100 (.im 2, 3; 50 \x\x\ 4-6: 200 jjiii 7,
.
142 P. KOLESIK
Figs 8-13- Female (if Rhopalomyia /awtvnciae sp. nov. S. Posterior end of abdomen in dorsal view. 9, Posterior end of
o\iposilor in ventral view. 10. I.asi ihree llageilomeres fparalypq 121397), I ! Sixth 1lugcllomere. 12. Posteriorend of
abdomen in ventral view. \i. Lastthree flagcllorfieres (paralype 12139$). Scalehars = KM)pin K 10. 12. 13: 5frj«i9; 25
pxn iI
A NEW GA1.L MIDGE FROM LWVRENCIA SiJVAMATA 14*
14\^VH
15 /
18
I igs 14-IK. Rhojhthmixtahwrnwitwsp. nov.: 14-10, pupa. 17,18, larva. 14, Anteriorpart jn venial view. 15.Anteriorpan
in lateral view. Id. Prothoracic spiracle. 17. Twoterminal segments in dorsal view. IK. Head capsule. Scale bars = 100
Mil) IJ. 15, 17: 50 pin 16, 18.
parr of dorsal papillae. Terminal segment with four two thirds ofits body outside thegall before the adult
pairs ofterminal papillae. Amis ventral. breaks through the anterior end of the pupa. On 8
September, 1996. on the southeastern coast o\
Etymology Hindmarsh Island (Fig. 19). the galls contained larvae
The specific name means "ofLa\vret\citC\ the host and pupae, with the first adults already emerging. On
plant. this occasion, the host plants were about 20 cm high
and about 50cm in diameterand approaching theend
Gall undbiology Of flowering. Lciwrentia squamata accounted for
Leaves ol[Umremw UfinuiKUH infested by thisgall some 10%ofthegroundcoveringofthedense, herbal,
midge are several limes largerthan normal in volume, coastal vegetation at this locality. The population
4-6 mm long and 3-4 mm wide (Pig. I). Bach gall densityofthenewgall midge washigh,comprising up
conlains a chamber occupied by one larva. The to 10 galls perhost plant. Many galls were found cut
chamber wall is lined with a thin, hard, pale-brown open, possibly by birds, a phenomenon described for
layeroftissueat the lime the larva is fully-grown. otherceeidomyiidgallspreviously (Struble& Osgood
Pupation lakes place inside thegall. The pupa raises 197ft;Tseharnike 1990).
U
'
I II P KOII-MK
I j] "i. Ilnul'iKir-.J' WaHti. Sowh Aitbir.iliii i | Vit'W :it llir ly|ir lttcjt|il\ u| RhtlfVltflitiyitl hwifVAff/fl
n itl i ii li Mand -, Sir kidijiul I'ennisela ! Vnitt.'! [(J IN-iMllHii|;t Willie jmmv m.itk'-. ihe |\|>V hu.'illtv
IX km JS ol M«-n.ou.e \ V- _ i ^ : i |
.C.mIi'. .01 |f\C tCV IfiB ntinV Wttftl uuir.tl (Mi VciMuichiii hrtffl iA.»ih';HiMt M-inJi |JS • I ,.,
UiIImw iii- Inj .'!l>iiicin>-ix;tmii<iSopuktnhilVse.Lrc.oillil;eictVedWoftl Mait|llCa i2ThieI IliMmjoli'.M,_:iM'(-,»i"uulir»niisee oi\M<LUlJlls V'i(S CuUlKl OH
n 3y0 S i H itf B.(, imcfc m Pfeher I ill* 2tt\' mS plains rwlkMeil >> 1**7"* hv \. M Wan mi it.
t»/ I |. rt k». WulNulhiihr,, j.ll* ?7' S. ifRpU--;(.! lO.'kv lfL\l<JI;i!nl "f I' I a ictV i.Imii,-
I• 'M.,^knmiSi.H»sro..n.|rj,b.e|Mr,.W.. H I "-' l8> iI I IW Iroin tSiinlsbjutrfedaH»IvhsmiId(isn)>ai;»H>'. .|»l<i»n,,i!n.gd^iIlltV5fHtW5AIhIeP plumI s
.IiMnJ.iIU1| K:|: S> mr-tky HtiW}|.||.JTUIiesL'.\u.;rL!lL|4"_'fll. I dt1ieaot--nveusMh.ruibsswlijhbnainiriinUpH'sunmuen Iiinkeih^iiiiImIls nIl'1"IliMeinim-iun
1*1 -...I .•....,.. |/._» ?i % |3SJ «' |-1|, Ml he •jail inkl^E? ftthil Itieainne, w nh u h^li uhuniJuMVi.1 "'
• i .- v, i ,.. rtfT*eu>n i i ( 'iMtiwie ifyfuntti l*h lec^l I » i',fl1
! :- .: l.| ! |iE Miind 2> s, t vj |4 im , v | i<( sjiu.kuj. kmd v.iei ii, - i H i
IsluiiJtfiIT£ P'hI|* S2id'itL;|-..n.IvK. IU'tnaliNd \pi3TI MMi'S •pl.ini-.rolleik.l 7 \i IV7I h\ A, i- ffpiium
;I ,- H iM*|itMdsuf|iiH:uu •Mvauvd hi<_t"i Jiit'rSf.i U| J keiLl7i'Mil_i|ft Rinmrl.s
,-. , t |!3<tI| 6-.kitI] Ii 1*1- Il'-Ila;j..ie.is |-v (MtiljWteo.m'iy.Uliinlr; iy"jrllasn:.,.ljillplLjWntl-l-h .-'lIill)ihIlIIIIMIll us
s•lII.a;ikiLei--.n!L-lsb;hisvtil;ii.Mvun"ri.SviiinIiiiIW\m|I,Tm.M5i*'5j.-*|M•v!W,-,--WH.i.W|i.'uuW*I5IEi|.|W_K,SHi.n%PiUH'nl.>ulSnJtg.lIHUGIiSl I*'a'.ii'c.•.;riam,.*vf,t[cu\iiisxiin\nie\lLs-iUheeDs.\Iip(:ih:eiiutiil\uitn1lm.ais:i.Hpmajrhhmesshsie-ge.n,nl•itn.ni|innl)illltt;vaiiJlii|lppe,lil^iSUp[Cfittivini"»-llrI.IphIaWhwinolllIMlein!n.11'*'1
iiIvivi^jW^cti-irJlUi(t«lSMiuiI iii•H• •'-L»'Uitro.bsmL.oiiuPiitvf.oo'il_w!*.t4*ih'I,4MWsai(i|Sa..'l-'pIo|SarslWli»xVm4*>,'u,l5ii0-i| IlKninn,rkiIsi'K-Kititkltia.srnili.il-i'n*i.'nKe^-ii.al.;i.jwt.riacIIt1i<9,;iich»m.>ieti.»Iei-h'.iLi»i('J\iuut(,W.V «ollki-*,t•iiilkniIflHin'.^61si
l\>iri ,NuIa^r•;•i:I'wIilgmj\ili-i.nyi1iWA"viil.Ie5lW0a'uSk.U||I_J|HWi.WmlMWmjmarsIsI|h- fIa;s:mnfadmnHl|hI'iUwIi«ieI| <l_.<ir.ke-iiJin-cIishl'ivbVfiievilvohroneugytctiuloilntol.NSUliivmricHlIinui.nji^lsulskIi-ui>'i»Q'U|i'ihaKLicKllihtkiuLiullUla*icireVtULiilit*inlrluiimlp^e'euu.Hi»tIp|lliVtc
A NEWGAI.l. MIDGh: FROM LWVRENCIA SQUAMATA 145
solitarily and pupation taking place in the gall. The male parameres 'A - '/ paramere width
gall of R, xiKHlenfue comprises a conglomerate of R. gtHHlenitie
individual chambers whereas the gall of R. Palpus with or 2 segments; length ofpapillae on
I
Iawremine sp. nov. consists of a single chamber. male parameres about '/\, paramere width
Because only these two species olRhopafotnyia arc ............................ R, culiJhi'Hica
known to be native to Australia, il is too early tor a
general characterisation of the genus on this Acknowledgments
continent. Below, a key is given to adults ofthe two
native species and R. ailifornica Fell, an American W. R. Barkerand M. C. 0"Leary. both ofthe Stale
Herbarium of South Australia Adelaide, courteouslv
species introduced into Australia to control
Buvtharis Inilimijolut I.. tAstcraeeac) (McFadven ei identified the host plant species and assisted in
tf/.l:Gagne& Boldi W5). examination ol" dried host plant specimens.
respectively. D. Eastburn, Murray Darling Basin
Commission, kindly gave permission to print the
Key to adults ofAustralian species photograph in Figure 1°. I thank J. D. Gray,
ofRhopithmyut Department of Horticulture, Viticulture and
Oenotogy University ol Adelaide, and R, J. Gagnc',
1.Tarsal claws toothed R. htwrendac Systematic Entomology Laboratory USDA
Tarsal claws simple 2 Washington DC. forcommenting on anearly draft of
2. Palpus willi 3 or 4 segments: length of papillae on the manuscript.
References
fTAR«eNgIi.onR*.&1.(1.BCooIir1nWienl4.l)PU."nTKi.hvee(r1sG9iat0ly5l)PMrfiehsdesg.egsIalt]hoat"cmait.hdegNeeNsewo(tDYriooprpikiecrI.aolj CinecSioduotm(hy1iA^ui7sd)tareaTilwifao.ronImho'wufllsap1le2uc1Mi.ieas5u9ui-f6s6Ap,spp.hionnitckiiiioupoidOiiapeteeaneij:
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Australia " Pait 2 (South Australian Government l«TVae ot the balsam imll midge. Fhisinenm hitlsa/nii'^hi
Printing Division, Adelaide). (Diptera Ceeidomviidac), within ealls in Maine. ( '(ttuul
Kll in uJ .).i IX'Jfi)NeueMitlheilunyen uber(i;ilhnueken. Bit 108, 144.1-1444.
Wiett. I>u/t.< 15 N5 105, SVI-VUN. h. (f(>75| Smdv on relationships between habits
K'iiisik. t' (1*>V5) A lieW Species ot DtLirtftiiYirnhi felt ami evlenial structures in Oliuotiophidi larvae fDiplem
'Diplera: rcciUomviidae) on furnfy'iins fuwi^ulosu in Cecklomyiiciae). Zaut Saipm4, 55 92>
Soulh Australia, IAu.% m. Stn\ M. 147-J?2. TsoiAKVikh, T. (1990) \bi.*eHVuNs heeilltrhtIhpjT die*
i l''lHii Rhi*pulotltyiti gwnl?iuat\ a new species ot Dichiere-culuiion emei GullnuickcupopuUtliou durcli
( ei idonnmlae fDi|3Tcra] damaging Gonderua fwuttQ ParasiioidMe:mWcclisclvvirkung nvischen vier trophischen
(( iuoiltnuucae) in inland Australia. lhin\. A'. Sat; V f.henen. DeufstlL (Set. Alfjg. An-jru\ fhk 7. 552-
\ttxt. 120. 155-160. 554.
McN jjvr> p .i u.NNitr. (i v Lv [mmim; a j. (WW)
(BEidn.tui^iiAn-.i.li!c:otjli(liriiuilWconlJ'g,nmUln-iwlkmdvIibn-N.chwsppk.ti3n8 M1l1fInn H\c|.U;iAnv-I*I,lCiIchetI
KesitanHiStniioni.