Table Of Content

Index to Volume 52 Abolitionist movement, 116 Block Island, 60, 61 Congregationalists, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 36, 42 African Americans, 39-41, 45, 123 Board of Trade Journal (Providence), 77, 80, Conley, Patrick T., 49 Albertype Company, 32 81, 87 Constitution, U.S., ratification of, “‘The Rhode Albion (Lincoln), 100 Borden, Nathaniel, 109 Island Pillar,” 49-57 Albro, John, 14 Borden, Richard, 14 Coral Sea, Battle of, 26 Alco (automobile), 71, 79-80 Branch River, 95, 98 Corliss Steam Engine Company, 77, 7 Allen, George, 13 Brayton, George B., 77 Cornell, Thomas, 14 Allen, Ralph, 14 Brenton, William, 8 Corp (automobile), 79 American Locomotive Automobile Company, 79 Bridenbaugh, Carl, 99 Corp, Frederick, 79 American Revolution, 42, 43 Bridgeton (Burrillville), 95 Corp Brothers, 79 American Screw Company, 79 “Bridget’s Story” (Wyman), 122 Cotton, John, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11 American Ship Windlass Company, 76 Bristol, 61, 63, 76 “Country Whiffs” (Wyman), 117 Anabaptists, 3, 6, 7, 13 Brown, Moses, 62 Cranston, 61, 73, 79, 81, 83, 85 “And Joe” (Wyman), 119, 120-22, 128 Brown, William Wells, 123 Crescent Park (Cranston), 88 Anthony, Susanna, 38, 39, 42, 44 Brown and Sharpe, 77, 79, 81 Cross, Alonzo T., 78 Antinomians, “Cast Out from the ‘City upon a Brown University, 107 Cruickshank Engine Company, 77-78 Hill,’” 3-19 Buffum, Arnold, 108 Cumberland, 63 Antislavery Standard, 116 Buffum, Sarah, 109 Apponaug Print Works, 32 Buffum, William, 108 Dacre, G. B., 22 Aquidneck, “Cast Out from the ‘City upon a Bull, Henry, 14 Democratic-Republican party, 59, 63, 64 Hill,’” 3-19 Burrill, James, Jr., 97 Dewitt, F. C., 74 Aquidneck Park (Portsmouth), 73 Burrillville, “Burrillville: A Town on the Doyle, Sarah, 107 Argus (ship), 61 Blackstone?,” 95-103 Dummer brothers, 9 Ashton (Cumberland), 100 Buses, 88 Duryea Motor Company, 73 Aspinwall, William, 8, 9 Dyer, Mary, 7 Association for the Advancement of Women, 111 Cameron (automobile), 80 Dyer, William, 7, 11 Atkin, Joseph W., 79 Campbell, M. W., 110 Atlantic Monthly, 117, 119, 120, 122, 123, Campbell Machine Company, 74, 82 East Greenwich, 63, 77 125, 126 Canning, George, 65 Easton, Nicholas, 14 Atlantic Rubber Company, 81 Carr, Robert, 14 Economycar (automobile), 81, 82 Automobiles, “The Automobile Comes to Carroll, Royal Phelps, 74 Edmonds, C. H. K., 22 Rhode Island,” 71-93 Carter, John, 52 Education, eighteenth-century, “Religion, Central Automobile Exchange, 78 Education, and Gender in Eighteenth- Baker, Ray Stannard, 87 Central Falls, 82, 95, 100, 116 Century Rhode Island,” 35-47 Baldwin (automobile), 78, 82 Chace, Arnold B., 107, 116, 119 Ellery, William, 61, 62 Baldwin, Leo F. N. 77, 78, 83 Chace, Edward, 116 Elm Cottage Inn (Narragansett), 85 Baldwin Automobile Company, 78 Chace, Elizabeth Buffum, ““Was She Clothed Embargo of 1807, “Rhode Islarid and the Baldwin Motor Wagon Company, 78 with the Rents Paid for These Wretched Embargo of 1807,” 59-67 Baptists, 13, 97 Rooms?,’” 107-33 Enterprise, USS, 27 Barnes, David L., 62 Chace, Harvey, 116 Erskine, David, 65 Barrington, 63, 76-77, 83 Chace, Mary, 116 Exeter, 63 Bastien, Denise J., “Images of Rhode Island: Chace, Samuel (son of E. B. Chace), 116 The Photographer’s Art,” 31-32 Chace, Samuel B., 107, 116 Factory Inspectors Act (1894), 107, 126 Baulston, William, 14 Channing, George, 64 “Factory Women and Girls of New England” Ben-My-Chree (ship), 22 Chase, Julian A., 82 (Chace), 112-15, 119, 120, 128 Berkeley (Cumberland), 100 Chepachet (Glocester), 99 Fall River, 109 Berkeley, George, 7 Chesapeake (ship), 59, 61 Familists 5, 6, 7 Bernon (Woonsocket), 100 “Child of the State, The” (Wyman), 117-19, Federalist party, 59, 63, 64 Betsey (ship), 61-62 123 Fenner, James, 63 Bicycles, 71-72 Churchill, Elizabeth, 111 Fifth Monarchy movement, 9 Bishop, Mary Cunningham, 74 Clap, Nathaniel, 36, 37 First Congregational Church, Newport, 36, 37 > Bismarck (ship), 25 Clark, B. S., 82 42, 44, 45 Black, Lloyd, 100 Clarke, Jeremy, 14 Fish, Joseph, 40-43 Blackstone Canal, 98, 99 Clarke, John, 12, 13 Flink, James, 71 Blackstone River, 95, 97, 98 Coddington, William, 11, 12, 14, 15 Foster, 97 Blackstone Valley, 97, 98, 100, 102 Coggeshall, John, 11, 14 Foster, Abby Kelley, 116 Index to Volume 52 Abolitionist movement, 116 Block Island, 60, 61 Congregationalists, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 36, 42 African Americans, 39-41, 45, 123 Board of Trade Journal (Providence), 77, 80, Conley, Patrick T., 49 Albertype Company, 32 81, 87 Constitution, U.S., ratification of, “‘The Rhode Albion (Lincoln), 100 Borden, Nathaniel, 109 Island Pillar,” 49-57 Albro, John, 14 Borden, Richard, 14 Coral Sea, Battle of, 26 Alco (automobile), 71, 79-80 Branch River, 95, 98 Corliss Steam Engine Company, 77, 7 Allen, George, 13 Brayton, George B., 77 Cornell, Thomas, 14 Allen, Ralph, 14 Brenton, William, 8 Corp (automobile), 79 American Locomotive Automobile Company, 79 Bridenbaugh, Carl, 99 Corp, Frederick, 79 American Revolution, 42, 43 Bridgeton (Burrillville), 95 Corp Brothers, 79 American Screw Company, 79 “Bridget’s Story” (Wyman), 122 Cotton, John, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11 American Ship Windlass Company, 76 Bristol, 61, 63, 76 “Country Whiffs” (Wyman), 117 Anabaptists, 3, 6, 7, 13 Brown, Moses, 62 Cranston, 61, 73, 79, 81, 83, 85 “And Joe” (Wyman), 119, 120-22, 128 Brown, William Wells, 123 Crescent Park (Cranston), 88 Anthony, Susanna, 38, 39, 42, 44 Brown and Sharpe, 77, 79, 81 Cross, Alonzo T., 78 Antinomians, “Cast Out from the ‘City upon a Brown University, 107 Cruickshank Engine Company, 77-78 Hill,’” 3-19 Buffum, Arnold, 108 Cumberland, 63 Antislavery Standard, 116 Buffum, Sarah, 109 Apponaug Print Works, 32 Buffum, William, 108 Dacre, G. B., 22 Aquidneck, “Cast Out from the ‘City upon a Bull, Henry, 14 Democratic-Republican party, 59, 63, 64 Hill,’” 3-19 Burrill, James, Jr., 97 Dewitt, F. C., 74 Aquidneck Park (Portsmouth), 73 Burrillville, “Burrillville: A Town on the Doyle, Sarah, 107 Argus (ship), 61 Blackstone?,” 95-103 Dummer brothers, 9 Ashton (Cumberland), 100 Buses, 88 Duryea Motor Company, 73 Aspinwall, William, 8, 9 Dyer, Mary, 7 Association for the Advancement of Women, 111 Cameron (automobile), 80 Dyer, William, 7, 11 Atkin, Joseph W., 79 Campbell, M. W., 110 Atlantic Monthly, 117, 119, 120, 122, 123, Campbell Machine Company, 74, 82 East Greenwich, 63, 77 125, 126 Canning, George, 65 Easton, Nicholas, 14 Atlantic Rubber Company, 81 Carr, Robert, 14 Economycar (automobile), 81, 82 Automobiles, “The Automobile Comes to Carroll, Royal Phelps, 74 Edmonds, C. H. K., 22 Rhode Island,” 71-93 Carter, John, 52 Education, eighteenth-century, “Religion, Central Automobile Exchange, 78 Education, and Gender in Eighteenth- Baker, Ray Stannard, 87 Central Falls, 82, 95, 100, 116 Century Rhode Island,” 35-47 Baldwin (automobile), 78, 82 Chace, Arnold B., 107, 116, 119 Ellery, William, 61, 62 Baldwin, Leo F. N. 77, 78, 83 Chace, Edward, 116 Elm Cottage Inn (Narragansett), 85 Baldwin Automobile Company, 78 Chace, Elizabeth Buffum, ““Was She Clothed Embargo of 1807, “Rhode Islarid and the Baldwin Motor Wagon Company, 78 with the Rents Paid for These Wretched Embargo of 1807,” 59-67 Baptists, 13, 97 Rooms?,’” 107-33 Enterprise, USS, 27 Barnes, David L., 62 Chace, Harvey, 116 Erskine, David, 65 Barrington, 63, 76-77, 83 Chace, Mary, 116 Exeter, 63 Bastien, Denise J., “Images of Rhode Island: Chace, Samuel (son of E. B. Chace), 116 The Photographer’s Art,” 31-32 Chace, Samuel B., 107, 116 Factory Inspectors Act (1894), 107, 126 Baulston, William, 14 Channing, George, 64 “Factory Women and Girls of New England” Ben-My-Chree (ship), 22 Chase, Julian A., 82 (Chace), 112-15, 119, 120, 128 Berkeley (Cumberland), 100 Chepachet (Glocester), 99 Fall River, 109 Berkeley, George, 7 Chesapeake (ship), 59, 61 Familists 5, 6, 7 Bernon (Woonsocket), 100 “Child of the State, The” (Wyman), 117-19, Federalist party, 59, 63, 64 Betsey (ship), 61-62 123 Fenner, James, 63 Bicycles, 71-72 Churchill, Elizabeth, 111 Fifth Monarchy movement, 9 Bishop, Mary Cunningham, 74 Clap, Nathaniel, 36, 37 First Congregational Church, Newport, 36, 37 > Bismarck (ship), 25 Clark, B. S., 82 42, 44, 45 Black, Lloyd, 100 Clarke, Jeremy, 14 Fish, Joseph, 40-43 Blackstone Canal, 98, 99 Clarke, John, 12, 13 Flink, James, 71 Blackstone River, 95, 97, 98 Coddington, William, 11, 12, 14, 15 Foster, 97 Blackstone Valley, 97, 98, 100, 102 Coggeshall, John, 11, 14 Foster, Abby Kelley, 116 INDEX Foster, Theodore, 97 Pillar’: Rhode Island Newspapers and the Manville Company, 74 Foster, William, 9 Ratification of the Constitution,” 49-57 Mapleville (Burrillville), 95 Fournier, Henri, 73 Hunt, Enoch, 9 Marshall, Frank Warren, 31 Franklin, Benjamin, 53 Hunt, Lizzie, 107 Martin, H. G., 82 Frazer, Hugh C., 21 Huntsville (Burrillville), 95 Massachusetts Bay Colony, “Cast Out from French Canadian mill workers, 97, 98, 110, Hutchinson, Anne, 5, 7, 9, 15 the ‘City upon a Hill,’” 3-19 122-23 Hutchinson, Edward, 9 Mather, Cotton, 7 From Front Porch to Back Seat (Bailey), 84 Hutchinson, William, 7, 8, 12 Max Motor Car Company, 82 Hyde-Thomson, Douglas, 22 Maxwell (automobile), 81 Gallatin, Albert, 60, 62 Maxwell-Briscoe Motor Company, 81 Garrison, William Lloyd, 116, 119, 124 Immigrant mill workers, 97, 98, 110, 113, Melish, John, 60 Gay, George, 28 117, 122-23 Memoirs of the Life of Mrs. Sarah Osborn Gazzaville (Burrillville), 95 Impost of 1781, 53 (Hopkins), 44 Gibbon, Edward, 8 International Cyclecar Company, 82 Memorial of the League of American “Girls in a Factory Valley” (Wyman), 126-28 International Power Company, 79 Wheelmen (1889), 83 Globe (Woonsocket), 100 Irish mill workers, 97, 98, 110 Methodists, 97 Glocester, 97 Irwin, Raymond D., “Cast Out from the ‘City Middletown, 83 Gorham Manufacturing Company, 79 upon a Hill’: Antinomian Exiles in Rhode Midway, Battle of, 27 Gorton, Samuel, 4, 12, 13, 15 Island, 1638-1650,” 3-19 Mill villages, 98 Gould Island, “Gould Island Naval Air Facility Miller, Perry, 7 and Aerial Torpedo Bombing,” 21-29 Jackson, Richard, Jr., 63 Mohegan (Burrillville), 95 Gould, Daniel, 14 James Brown Machine Corporation, 80 Moncrief (automobile), 80 Gould, Jeremiah, 14 Jay, Augustus, 74 Moncrief, James A., 80 Gould, Richard A., “Gould Island Naval Air Jay, John, 56 foncrief, James A.., Jr., 80 Facility and Aerial Torpedo Bombing,” 21-29 Jefferson, Thomas, 59, 62-65 Moto ycle, 73 Graniteville (Burrillville), 95 John (Providence ship), 61 Mort, Adam, Jr., 14 Great Awakening, “Religion, Education, and John (Tiverton ship), 61 Mount Pleasant (Burrillville), 95 Gender in Eighteenth-Century Rhode Jolly Robin (ship), 60 Mount Vernon (ship), 61 Island,” 35-47 Juvenile Division (temperance club), 117 Murphy, Thomas H., 21 Greyhound Motors Corporation, 81 Guidoni, Alessandro, 22 Kaga (ship), 23 Narragansett Bay, 21, 26, 60, 99 Guyse, John, 38 Klyberg, Albert T., “Burrillville: A Town on the Narragansett Country, 99 Blackstone?,” 95-103 Narragansett Electric Company, 82 Haggar, Benjamin, 36 Knights of Labor, 107 Narragansett Park (Cranston), 73, 77 Haggar, Susanna Guyse, 36 Knightsville (Cranston), 79 Narragansett Pier (Narragansett), 85 Hahn, J. Jerome, 74 Kujawa, Sheryl A., “Religion, Education, and Nasonville (Burrillville), 95, 99 Hamlet (Woonsocket), 100 Gender in Eighteenth-Century Rhode Island: National League for Good Roads, 72 Harding, Fhilippa, 7 Sarah Haggar Wheaten Osborn, 1714-1796,” Nature, Certainty, and Evidence of True Harding, Robert, 7, 9 35-47 Christianity, The (Osborn), 38-39 Harper’s Magazine, 123 Needham, William, 9 Harrisville (Burrillville), 95, 102 Labor reform, “‘Was She Clothed with the Newport, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15, 21, 35-45, 60, 61, Hawkins, C. A., 23 Rents Paid for These Wretched Rooms?,’” 62, 63, 64, 71, 73, 82, 99 Hawkins, Jane, 7 107-3 Newport Herald, ““The Rhode Island Pillar,’” Hawkins, Richard, 7 Larcom, Lucy, 113 49-57 Hazard family, 99 Layton, John, 9 Newport Mercury, “‘The Rhode Island Pillar,’” Heaven’s Alarm to Unconverted Sinners League of American Wheelmen, 71, 83 49-57; 64 (Alleine), 38 Lemons, J. Stanley, “The Automobile Comes to Newspapers and ratification of U.S. Constitu Helme, Christopher, 14 Rhode Island,” 71-93 tion, ““The Rhode Island Pillar,’” 49-57 Herreshoff, James, 76 Lenthall, Robert, 13 Nicholson File Company, 79 Herreshoff, John Brown, 76 Leopard (ship) 59 Nonintercourse Act, 65 “Hester’s Dower” (Wyman), 119-20 Leverett, John, 9 North Kingstown, 25, 78 Hibbon, William, 8 Levy, Austin W., 101 North Providence, 63 Hill Company, J. J., 79 Lexington, USS, 26 North Smithfield, 83, 95 Hinckley, Frederic, 111, 128 Liberator, The, 116, 124 Hiram (ship), 61 Lippitt, Henry F., 74, 86 Oakland (Burrillville), 95 Hoadley-Knight Steam Auto-Trucks, 79 Longmeadow (Warwick), Oak Valley (Burrillville), 97 Hopkins, Samuel, 38, 42, 43, 44 Longmore, Arthur, 22 Oldfield, Barney, 73 Hopkinton, 63 Lonsdale (Cumberland/Lincoln), 100 Oliver, John, 8 Hornet, USS, 27 Lord, Avery, 31 Olney, Jeremiah, 60-62 Horseless Age, 73 Lowell, Massachusetts, 113 Olneyville (Providence), 78, 79 Hosho (ship), 23 Lowell Offering, 113 Osborn, Henry, 38 Houghton, Mrs. Percy D., 21 “Luke Gardiner’s Love” (Wyman), 124-25 Osborn, Sarah Haggar Wheaten, “Religion, Howell, David, 62 Education, and Gender in Eighteenth- Howells, William Dean, 123 Macon’s Bill No. 2, 65 Century Rhode Island,” 35-47 Hubbard, William, 7 Madison, James, 64, 65 Hughes, William, 79 Manton, Joseph P., 76 Page (automobile), 82 Humphrey, Carol Sue, “‘The Rhode Island Manville (Lincoln), 100 Palmer, Fanny Purdy, 126 Parker, George, 14 Rhodes-on-the-Pawtuxet (Cranston), 85 “Valentine’s Chance” (Wyman), 122-23 Partridge, Alexander, 12 Richmond, 63 Valley Falls (Cumberland), 100, 107, 108, 110, Pascoag (Burrillville), 95, 97, 100 Roberts, John H. 77 116, 119, 126 Patoka, USS (ship), 21 Robinson, Harriet, 113 Valley Falls Company, 107, 109, 116 Pawtucket, 79, 80, 81, 82, 95, 100 Rocky Point (Warwick), 88 Vanderbilt, Jr., Mrs. Cornelius, 73 Pawtucket Motor Carriage Company, 74 Roman Catholics, 97, 113 Vanderbilt, Reginald, 74 Pawtucket Steamboat Company, 80 Russell, Jonathan, 64 Vera (automobile), 82 Pawtuxet, 61 Vinal, William, 40 Peace Dale (South Kingstown), 99 “Saint or Sinner” (Wyman), 119 Pearl Harbor, 25 Sanford, John, 14 Waite, Thomas, 14 Peckham, John, 13 Saturday Evening Post, 86 Waldron, John C., 28 Pelfrey, John Gorham, 7 Savage, Thomas, 9 Wallum Lake (Burrillville), 95, 97 Phillips, Wendell, 116, 117, 124 Saxonville (Burrillville), 95 Wardall, William, 14 Photographic collections, Rhode Island Schools, 110, 115, 117 Warren, 83 Historical Society, “Images of Rhode Second Beach (Newport), 73 Warwick, 14, 63, 76, 83 Island,” 31-32 Selden, George B., 73 Washington, George, 53 Pinckney, Charles C., 64 Sheep raising, 99 Wasp (ship), 61 Poole, Edward, 9 Sheldon, Charles T., 80 Watts, Isaac, 38 Porter, John, 14 Shenandoah (zeppelin), 21 Welde, Thomas, 6 Portsmouth, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14 Shepard, John, 86 Wells, H. G., 87 Potter, Elisha, 63 Shepard, Thomas, 5 Westerly, 63 Poverty Grass (Wyman), 123-24 Shepard and Company, 78 Weston, Francis, 14 Prince, Thomas, 38 Sherman, Philip, 14 What Cheer Laundry, 85 Prince of Wales (ship), 25 Sherman, William Watts, 74 Wheaten, Samuel, 36 Prisoners of Poverty (Campbell), 125 Shipbuilding, 97 Wheatley, Phillis, 45 Prison reform, 112 Shoho (ship), 26 Wheelwright, John, 4, 5, 8 Providence, 6, 59-65, 71, 76-79, 81-83, 88, 97, Shokaku (ship), 27 Whitefield, George, 35, 36 111 Shotten, Sampson, 14 Whitten Motor Vehicle Company, 79 Providence and Springfield Railroad, 99-100 Smith, Herbert, 23 Who Is It?, 82 Providence and Worcester Railroad, 98, 99, Smithfield, 108 Wilbore, Samuel, 14 117 Smuggling, 60-62 Wilbore, Samuel, Jr., 14 Providence City Directory, 79 Sopwith, T. O. M., 22 Wilbour, Isaac, 64 Providence Columbian Phenix, 64 South Kingstown, 63, 99 Willard, Frances, 111 Providence Engine Works, 81 Spencer, Anna Garlin, 107 William A. Harris Steam Engine Company, 81 Providence Evening Bulletin, 78 Spencer, John, 9 Williams, Beriah, 61 Providence Free Religious Society, 111 State Board of Public Roads, 84, 86 Williams, Roger, 6 Providence Gazette, ““The Rhode Island Stevens, Elizabeth C., “‘Was She Clothed with Wilson, John, 8, 11 Pillar,” 49-57; 64 the Rents Paid for These Wretched Rooms?”’: Winthrop, John, 5-7, 11-13, 15 Providence Journal, 31, 78, 86 Elizabeth Buffum Chace, Lillie Chace Woman suffrage movement, 107, 108, 109, Providence Journal of Commerce, 77 Wyman, and Upper-Class Advocacy for 110, 111, 113, 116, 122, 125 Puritans, “Cast Out from the ‘City upon a Women Factory Operatives in Gilded Age Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, 107, Hill,’” 3-19 Rhode Island,” 107-33 111, 126 Stillwater Worsted Company, 101 Woman’s Congress (1881), 111 Quakers, 3, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 97, 124 Stone, Lucy, 112, 116 Woman’s Journal, 116, 117, 122 Quidnessett Memorial Cemetery (North Strum, Harvey, “Rhode Island and the Women and automobiles, 85 Kingstown), 78 Embargo of 1807,” 59-67 Women and labor reform, “‘Was She Clothed Quincy, Josiah, 7 “Studies of Factory Life” (Wyman), 125-26 with the Rents Paid for These Wretched Quonset Naval Air Station, 25 Sueter, Murray, 22 Rooms?,’” 107-33 Women in eighteenth century, “Religion, Railroads, 88, 98, 99-100, 117 Talbot, Peter, 21 Education, and Gender in Eighteenth- Reciprocity Treaty with Canada, 101 Tarkiln (Burrillville), 95 Century Rhode Island,” 35-47 Reform schools, 117 Temperance movement, 110, 111, 116, 117 Women’s Educational and Industrial Union, Republican Association of Newport, 64 Tennent, Gilbert, 35, 36 107 Repulse (ship), 25 Tew, Richard, 14 Woonsocket, 95 Rhode Island Auto Carriage Company, 78 Textile manufacturing, “Burrillville: A Town Woonsocket (automobile), 82 Rhode Island Automobile Club, 73, 86 on the Blackstone?,” 95-103 Woonsocket Village, 100 Rhode Island Aviation Heritage Association, Thornton Machinery Company, 81 World War I, 22 27, 28 Tiverton, 61 World War II, 25-28 Rhode Island Company, 88 Treatise concerning Religious Affections Wyman, Arthur Crawford, 119 Rhode Island Council of Women, 107, 126 (Edwards), 38 Wyman, John Crawford, 119 Rhode Island Locomotive Works, 77 Trolleys, 88 Wyman, Lillie Chace, “‘Was She Clothed with Rhode Island Republican, 64 the Rents Paid for These Wretched Rhode Island Secondhand Automobile Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 116, 124 Rooms?,’” 107-133 Register, 82 Union Street Railway Company, 77 Rhode Island Woman Suffrage Association, United States Chronicle, “‘The Rhode Island Yamamoto, Isoroku, 25 107, 108, 109, 111, 116, 126 Pillar,” 49-57 Yorktown, USS, 26 Rhode Island Woman’s Club, 111 United States Motor Company, 81 * 2 ~ : . : 7 Es lat