Rhizosphere dynamics

343 Pages·2019·6.27 MB·English

by  Edited by James E. Box, Jr., and Luther C. Hammond

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ISBN 978-0-367-28604-0
www.routledge.com aninformabusiness
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Rhizosphere
Dynamics
AAAS Selected Symposia Series
Rhizosphere
Dynamics
Edited by James E. Box, Jr.,
and Luther C. Hammond
I~ ~~o~!~~n~~~up
LONDON AND NEW YORK
113
AAAS Selected Symposium
First published 1990 by Westview Press
Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright © 1990 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rhizosphere dynamics / edited by James E. Box, Jr., and Luther
C. Hammond
p. cm. - (AAAS selected symposia series; #113)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8133-7955-5
1. Soil ecology. 2. Soil biology. 3. Roots (Botany)-Ecology.
I. Box, James E., 1931- . II. Hammond, Luther C., 1921-
111. Series: AAAS selected symposium; 113.
QH541.5.S6R48 1990
574.5'26404-dc20 90-32324
CIP
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-28604-0 (hbk)
ABOUT THE SERIES
The AAAS Selected Symposia Series was begun in 1977 to
provide a means of more permanently recording and more
widely disseminating some of the valuable material which is
discussed at the AAAS Annual National Meetings. The
volumes in the Series are based on symposia held at the
Meetings which address topics of current and continuing
significance, both within and among the sciences, and in
the areas in which science and technology have an impact on
public policy. The Series format is designed to provide
for rapid dissemination of information, so the papers are
reproduced directly from camera-ready copy. The papers are
organized and edited by the symposium arrangers who then
become the editors of the various volumes. Most papers
published in the Series are original contributions which
have not been previously published, although in some cases
additional papers from other sources have been added by an
editor to provide a more comprehensive view of a particular
topic. Symposia may be reports of new research or reviews
of established work, particularly work of an interdisci-
plinary nature, since the AAAS Annual Meetings typically
embrace the full range of the sciences and their societal
implications.
ARTHUR. HERSGHKAN
Head, Meetings and Publications
American Association for the
Advancement of Science

CONTENTS
List of Tables and Figures ............................... xi
Acknowledgment .......................................... xix
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
J. E. Box, Jr. and L. C. Hammond ........................ 1
References ................................................ 6
Chapter 2
SOIL STRUCTURAL INFLUENCES ON THE ROOT
ZONE AND RHIZOSPHERE
R. R. Allmaras and S. D. Logsdon ........................ 8
Spatial Arrangement of Soil Structure
in Arable Agriculture ................................... 9
Soil Structural Influences on Root Zone
and Rhizosphere Environment ............................ 15
Root Development in the Spatially Variable
Root Environment ....................................... 33
References ............................................... 45
Chapter 3
SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, TILLAGE, AND THE RHIZOSPHERE
C. E. Clapp, J. A. E. Molina, and R.H. Dowdy .......... 55
Soil Organic Matter ...................................... 55
Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles in the
Rhizosphere ............................................ 66
vii
Soil Tillage and Management .............................. 71
Summary .................................................. 73
References ............................................... 75
Chapter 4
TOOLS FOR STUDYING RHIZOSPHERE DYNAMICS
Dan R. Upchurch and Howard M. Taylor ................... 83
Destructive Techniques ................................... 86
Nondestructive Techniques ................................ 97
Root System Parameters .................................. 110
Conclusions ............................................. 110
References .............................................. 111
Chapter 5
MICROBIAL RESPONSES IN TH~ RHIZOSPHERE OF
AGRICULTURAL PLANTS
P. G. Hunt ............................................ 116
Rhizosphere Establishment and Soil Structure ............ 117
Associative Nitrogen Fixation ........................... 119
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ............................. 122
Summary ................................................. 131
References .............................................. 135
Chapter 6
DISTRIBUTION, STRUCTURE, AND FUNCTION OF EXTERNAL
HYPHAE OF VESICULAR-ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI
David M. Sylvia ....................................... 144
Distribution of External Hyphae ......................... 145
Morphology and Development of External Hyphae ........... 152
Function of Hyphae in Soil .............................. 153
Methods of Quantification ............................... 158
References .............................................. 160
Chapter 7
COLLEMBOLAN POPULATIONS AND ROOT DYNAMICS
IN MICHIGAN AGROECOSYSTEMS
R. J. Snider, R. Snider, and A. J.M. Smucker ......... 168
Minirhizotron and Video Images of the
Rhizosphere ........ , .................................. 168
viii
Extraction of Collembola from Soil Cores ................ 172
Discussion .............................................. 187
References .............................................. 190
Chapter 8
EARTHWORMS AND AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT
E. J. Kladivko and H.J. Timmenga .................... 192
Basic Ecology of Earthworms ............................. 192
The Effects of Earthworms on Soil Properties
and Processes ......................................... 194
The Effects of Earthworms on Plant Growth
and Yield ............................................. 199
Effect of Agricultural Management on
Earthworms ............................................ 204
Summary and Implications ................................ 207
References .............................................. 210
Chapter 9
SHOOT/ROOT RELATIONSHIPS AND BIOREGULATION
M. J. Kasperbauer ..................................... 217
Genetic Control ......................................... 218
Environmentally Induced Regulation ...................... 219
Acknowledgments ......................................... 229
References .............................................. 230
Chapter 10
ROOT-SHOOT RELATIONSHIPS IN COTTON
B. L. McMichael ....................................... 232
Shoot Development ....................................... 233
Development of the Root System .......................... 234
Measurement of Root-Shoot Ratios in Cotton .............. 237
Dynamics of Root-Shoot Relationships .................... 240
Factors Influencing Root-Shoot Relationships
in Cotton ............................................. 242
Genetic Aspects of Root-Shoot Relationships ............. 245
Conclusion .............................................. 246
References .............................................. 247
ix