Rhinitis and Related Upper Respiratory Conditions

218 Pages·2018·5.021 MB·English

by  Jonathan A. Bernstein

Rhinitis and Related
Upper Respiratory
Conditions
A Clinical Guide
Jonathan A. Bernstein
Editor
123
Rhinitis and Related Upper Respiratory
Conditions
Jonathan A. Bernstein
Editor
Rhinitis and Related
Upper Respiratory
Conditions
A Clinical Guide
Editor
Jonathan A. Bernstein
Division of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy
Department of Internal Medicine
University of Cincinnati
Cincinnati, OH, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-75369-0 ISBN 978-3-319-75370-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75370-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018940252
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or
part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of
illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way,
and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software,
or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in
this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor
the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material
contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains
neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Printed on acid-free paper
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer International Publishing
AG part of Springer Nature.
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
I want to dedicate this book to my wife, Lisa, who has always
been my greatest personal advocate. I also want to dedicate
this book to all of my patients with chronic rhinitis who are
continually teaching me about rhinitis and inspire me to find
better approaches for medical management of their conditions.
Preface
Rhinitis is not a trivial disease. Patients suffering from chronic rhinitis
experience significant impairment due to uncontrolled symptoms and
comorbidities resulting in a diminished quality of life, which directly impacts
work productivity and school performance. This results in significant direct
and indirect costs to our health care system. Despite this, very little emphasis
in medical curriculums is placed on educating health care providers about the
proper evaluation and treatment of chronic rhinitis conditions. In fact, unless
significant comorbid conditions such as sinusitis present as the primary com-
plaint, the importance of the nose is often ignored.
It is important to recognize that humans are obligate nasal breathers, and
the main purpose of the nose is to filter, humidify, and condition air going into
the lungs. However, it is also a central reservoir for the paranasal sinuses and
lacrimal eye ducts. It is also in close proximity to other structures such as the
torus tubarius, which is the opening of the Eustachian tubes into the posterior
pharynx. Thus, it is not surprising that patients with chronic rhinitis can
present with a constellation of symptoms ranging from nasal congestion;
anterior and/or posterior rhinorrhea; sneezing; itching of the eyes, ears, nose,
and throat; conjunctivitis; sinus pressure; headaches; and ear plugging,
pressure, and popping, which makes the diagnosis and treatment of these
patients challenging. Oftentimes the presenting symptoms extend beyond the
upper respiratory tract, such as cough, chest tightness, wheezing, shortness of
breath, nausea, sleep disturbances, recurrent sinusitis, and bronchitis, further
confounding the management of these patients. Failure to address the nasal
pathology in treatment of suspected comorbidities such as sinusitis, asthma,
headaches, sleep apnea, conjunctivitis, and Eustachian tube dysfunction can
significantly impact clinical outcomes.
Although many books on rhinitis are available, this book is unique because
it discusses clinical cases related to a spectrum of rhinitis conditions and
comorbidities in different patient populations commonly encountered in
different clinical settings. Topics span from pediatric, adult, geriatric, and
occupational rhinitis to the spectrum of rhinitis subtypes and their
complications. Several chapters address secondary causes of rhinitis such as
drug-induced rhinitis, CSF leak, and systemic diseases manifesting as r hinitis.
Each chapter, written by an expert in the field, is nested with clinical cases
illustrating the typical patient presentation, their diagnostic work-up, and
treatment. It is anticipated that health care providers will gain a better
appreciation for the importance of correctly diagnosing rhinitis and for
vii
viii Preface
recognizing related comorbidities so their patients can benefit from optimal
available therapies, which in turn will improve their clinical outcomes and
quality of life and reduce health care cost expenditures.
Cincinnati, OH, USA Jonathan A. Bernstein
Contents
1 Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 1
Roua Azmeh and Mark S. Dykewicz
2 Perennial Allergic Rhinitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 9
Martin A. Smith and David M. Lang
3 Nonallergic Vasomotor Rhinitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 17
Justin C. Greiwe
4 Mixed Rhinitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 29
Chandra Vethody and Jonathan A. Bernstein
5 Local Allergic Rhinitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 37
Carmen Rondón, Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia, Gador Bogas,
Esther Barrionuevo, María Salas, Maria J. Torres,
and Paloma Campo
6 Occupational Rhinitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 59
Kristin Claire Sokol and Daniel L. Hamilos
7 Rhinosinusitis Without Polyposis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 67
Abdullah Al-Bader, Roy R. Casiano, and Lauren Fine
8 Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyposis: Diagnosis
and Treatment � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 79
Wytske Fokkens
9 Rhinitis and Cough � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 93
Peter K. Smith
10 Rhinitis and Structurally Related Problems � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 107
Pamela Tongchinsub and Tara F. Carr
11 Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 115
Andrew C. Rorie and Jill A. Poole
12 Rhinitis of the Elderly � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 123
Alan P. Baptist and Sharmilee M. Nyenhuis
13 Sino-Nasal Sarcoidosis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 137
Robert P. Baughman, Allen Seiden, and Elyse E. Lower
ix
x Contents
14 R hinitis and Asthma � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 153
Merin Elizabeth Kuruvilla and David A. Khan
15 P ediatric Rhinitis� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 163
Fuad M. Baroody
16 A llergic Rhinoconjunctivitis� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 179
Leonard Bielory and Preeti Wagle
17 R hinitis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 185
Reece Jones, Geetika Sabharwal, and Timothy Craig
18 D rug-Induced Rhinitis � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 195
Benjamin T. Prince and Deepa D. Patadia
Index � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 205
Contributors
Abdullah  Al-Bader Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck
Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Roua Azmeh Section of Allergy and Immunology; Division of Infectious
Diseases, Allergy and Immunology; Department of Internal Medicine, Saint
Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
Fuad M� Baroody Section of Otolaryngology, The University of Chicago
Medicine and The Comer Children’s Hospital, Chicago, IL, USA
Esther Barrionuevo Allergy Unity, IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario
of Málaga-UMA, Malaga, Spain
Robert  P�  Baughman Department of Internal Medicine, University of
Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Jonathan  A�  Bernstein Division of Immunology, Rheumatology and
Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati,
Cincinnati, OH, USA
Leonard Bielory Department of Medicine, RWJ Barnabas Robert Wood
Johnson University Hospital, Springfield, NJ, USA
Gador Bogas Allergy Unity, IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario of
Málaga-UMA, Malaga, Spain
Paloma Campo Allergy Unity, IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario of
Málaga-UMA, Malaga, Spain
Tara F� Carr Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Banner-
University Medical Center- Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
Roy R� Casiano Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,
University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Timothy Craig Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy
and Critical Care Medicine, Penn State Health Hershey Medical Center,
Hershey, PA, USA
xi