Rheumatology Secrets, 3e PDF
Preview Rheumatology Secrets, 3e
RHEUMATOLOGY SECRETS This page intentionally left blank RHEUMATOLOGY SECRETS THIRD EDITION STERLING G. WEST, MD, MACP, FACR Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 RHEUMATOLOGY SECRETS ISBN: 978-0-323-03700-6 Copyright © 2015, 2002, 1996 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan- ical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rheumatology secrets / [edited by] Sterling G. West. -- Third edition. p. ; cm. -- (Secrets series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-323-03700-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) I. West, Sterling G., 1950- , editor. II. Series: Secrets series. [DNLM: 1. Rheumatic Diseases--Examination Questions. WE 18.2] RC927 616.7’230076--dc23 2014032361 Senior Content Strategist: James Merritt Content Development Specialist: Julia Roberts Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Senior Project Manager: Rachel E. McMullen Design Direction: Ashley Miner Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To my wife, Brenda, my best friend To my children, Dace and Matthew, the joys of my life To my amazing grandchildren, Aidan, Eva, and Owen PREFACE In the past year, we have been extensively authorized, approved, inspected, renovated, elevated, visited, consulted, circularized, informed; and have completed so many forms, orders, questionnaires, and reports that no medical progress has been made. Rudolf Virchow Berlin, 1865 With all the regulatory changes, many physicians might agree with Virchow’s lament. In Rheumatology, this has clearly not been the case. It has been a decade since the last edition of Rheumatology Secrets, and I am amazed with the advances that have occurred in both the science and treatment of the rheumatic diseases. Each chapter in the present edition has been extensively reviewed and updated to include those advancements through January 2014. I have frequently been asked why the long delay between editions? For many years I had the privilege of serv- ing on the American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination Committee in Rheumatology. As many use the Secrets to study for board certification and recertification I wanted to avoid what I considered a possible conflict of interest. With my term on the committee ended it is a pleasure to be able to edit this book again. As in the previous editions, Rheumatology Secrets, Third Edition, is presented in the Socratic question and answer format that is the hallmark of The Secrets Series. The chapters are organized into 15 sections, each with a common theme emphasized by an introductory quotation. Common and uncommon rheumatic disease problems that we encounter in clinical practice, discuss during teaching rounds, and find on board examinations are covered. Each chapter reviews basic immunology and pathophysiology, important disease manifestations, and practical management issues. The book also contains a wealth of mnemonics, lists, tables, figures, and illustrations to emphasize important points. Chapter 2 lists some of the top Rheumatology Secrets and I encourage readers to send me their top secrets. I hope that the reader will find Rheumatology Secrets, Third Edition, both enjoyable and useful in daily practice. Sterling G. West, MD vi CONTRIBUTORS Venu Akuthota, MD, FAAPMR Carolyn Anne Coyle, MD, FACR Professor and Vice Chair, Staff Rheumatologist Director, Spine Center St. Peter’s Hospital Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Helena, Montana University of Colorado School of Medicine Randy Q. Cron, MD, PhD, FACR Aurora, Colorado Professor of Pediatrics & Medicine Ramon A. Arroyo, MD, FACP, FACR Arthritis Foundation, Alabama Chapter, Endowed Assistant Professor of Medicine Chair; Department of Medicine Director, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Children’s Hospital of Alabama/University of Alabama Bethesda, Maryland; at Birmingham Rheumatology Staff Birmingham, Alabama San Antonio Military Medical Center Kevin D. Deane, MD, PhD, FACR San Antonio, Texas Associate Professor of Medicine Daniel F. Battafarano, DO, MACP, FACR Division of Rheumatology Adjunct Professor of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine University of Texas Health Science Center Aurora, Colorado San Antonio, Texas; M. Kristen Demoruelle, MD, FACR Associate Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine Uniformed Services University of Health Science Department of Medicine Bethesda, Maryland Division of Rheumatology Vance J. Bray, MD, FACP, FACR University of Colorado School of Medicine Assistant Clinical Professor, Rheumatology Aurora, Colorado; University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine National Jewish Health Denver Arthritis Clinic Denver, Colorado Denver, Colorado Gregory J. Dennis, MD, FACP, FACR Christina M. Bright, MD, FACR Global Product Development Rheumatologist PPD, Inc. Bend Memorial Clinic Rockville, Maryland Bend, Oregon Esi Morgan DeWitt, MD, MSCE, FACR Amy C. Cannella, MD, MS, FACP, FACR, RhUS Associate Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine Pediatric Rheumatology Rheumatology Fellowship Program Director University of Cincinnati College of Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Division of Rheumatology Omaha, Nebraska James M. Anderson Center for Health Systems Excellence Puja Chitkara, MD, FACR Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Consultant Rheumatologist Cincinnati, Ohio Center for Arthritis and Rheumatologic Excellence (CARE) Donald G. Eckhoff, MD, MS, FACS San Diego, California Professor Orthopaedics Department of Orthopaedics Marc D. Cohen, MD, FACP, FACR University of Colorado School of Medicine Clinical Emeritus Professor of Medicine Denver, Colorado Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida; Alan R. Erickson, MD, FACR Clinical Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Section of Rheumatology and Immunology Aurora, Colorado; University of Nebraska Medical Center Clinical Emeritus Professor of Medicine Omaha, Nebraska Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida vii vviiiiii CONTRIBUTORS David R. Finger, MD, FACP, FACR Jason R. Kolfenbach, MD, FACR Rheumatology Department Assistant Professor of Medicine Honolulu Kaiser Permanente Department of Medicine Honolulu, Hawaii Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado Denver Aryeh Fischer, MD, FACR Aurora, Colorado Associate Professor of Medicine National Jewish Health James S. Louie, MD, FACP, MACR University of Colorado School of Medicine Professor of Medicine Aurora, Colorado UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, California William R. Gilliland, MD, MHPE, FACP, FACR Professor of Medicine, Mark Malyak, MD, FACR Associate Dean for Medical Education Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Medicine Bethesda, Maryland Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado Health Sciences Center; Karen E. Hansen, MD, MS, FACR Denver Arthritis Center Associate Professor of Medicine Denver, Colorado Division of Rheumatology University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Michael T. McDermott, MD, FACP Health Professor of Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy Madison, Wisconsin Division of Endocrinology Metabolism and Diabetes Robert A. Hawkins, MD, FACP, FACR University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine; Associate Professor of Medicine University of Colorado Hospital and Denver Veterans Department of Medicine Administration Medical Center Wright State University Boonshoft School of Denver, Colorado Medicine Dayton, Ohio; Richard T. Meehan, MD, FACP, FACR Kettering Medical Center Professor of Medicine Kettering, Ohio National Jewish Health Denver, Colorado Kathryn Hobbs, MD, FACR Clinical Professor of Medicine Frederick T. Murphy, DO, FACP, FACR University of Colorado School of Medicine Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine Denver Arthritis Clinic Division of Rheumatology Denver, Colorado Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine J. Roger Hollister, MD, FACR Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Professor of Pediatrics Altoona Arthritis & Osteoporosis Center Department of Pediatrics Altoona Center for Clinical Research University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Duncansville, Pennsylvania Denver, Colorado James R. O’Dell, MD, FACP, FACR Edmund H. Hornstein, DO, FACR Bruce Professor of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center Chief, Rheumatology Division Omaha, Nebraska Berkshire Medical Center; University of Massachusetts Medical School Brian D. Petersen, MD Pittsfield, Massachusetts Associate Professor of Radiology and Orthopaedics, Chief of Musculoskeletal Radiology Robert W. Janson, MD, FACP, FACR University of Colorado Denver Associate Professor of Medicine Aurora, Colorado University of Colorado School of Medicine; Chief, Rheumatology Section Dianna Quan, MD, FAAN, FANA Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center Professor of Neurology, Denver, Colorado Director, Electromyography Laboratory University of Colorado Denver Mark Jarek, MD, FACP, FACR Aurora, Colorado Jarek Medical Republic, Missouri Julia J. Rhiannon, MD, MSW, FACR Rheumatologist John K. Jenkins, MD, FACR Virginia Mason Medical Center Professor of Medicine (Ret) Seattle, Washington Arthritis and Osteoporosis Center Billings, Montana CONTRIBUTORS ix James D. Singleton, MD, FACR Kim Nguyen Tyler, MD, FACR Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Division of Rheumatology Aurora, Colorado; University of Colorado School of Medicine South Denver Medicine Associates Aurora, Colorado; Highlands Ranch, Colorado Denver Arthritis Clinic Denver, Colorado Marcus H. Snow, MD, FACR Clinical Assistant Professor Korey R. Ullrich, MD, FACR University of Nebraska Medical Center Affiliate Assistant Clinical Professor Omaha, Nebraska Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine at FAU Rheumatology Associates of South Florida Robert T. Spencer, MD, FACR Boca Raton, Florida Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Scott Vogelgesang, MD, FACP, FACR Division of Rheumatology Clinical Professor of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Division of Immunology/Rheumatology Aurora, Colorado; University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics Colorado Arthritis Center Iowa City, Iowa Englewood, Colorado Sterling G. West, MD, MACP, FACR Jennifer Stichman, MD, FACR Professor of Medicine Instructor of Medicine Department of Medicine Divisions of Rheumatology and General Internal Division of Rheumatology Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado Aurora, Colorado; JoAnn Zell, MD, FACR Denver Health Medical Center Associate Professor of Medicine Denver, Colorado National Jewish Health Colin Strickland, MD Denver, Colorado; Assistant Professor of Radiology Assistant Professor Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology University of Colorado School of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado Aurora, Colorado Christopher C. Striebich, MD, PhD, FACP, FACR Associate Professor of Medicine Department of Medicine Division of Rheumatology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado
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