Rheumatology, 2-Volume Set

2091 Pages·2010·295.969 MB·English

by  Marc C. Hochberg, Alan J. Silman, Josef S. Smolen, Michael E. Weinblatt, Michael H. Weisman

RHEUMATOLOGY
FIFTH EDITION
RHEUMATOLOGY
Marc C. Hochberg, md, mph
Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine;
Head, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology
University of Maryland School of Medicine
Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Alan J. Silman, md, msc, frcp, fmedsci
Medical Director, Arthritis Research UK
Chesterfield, UK;
Professor, Rheumatic Diseases Epidemiology
University of Manchester
Manchester, UK
Josef S. Smolen, md, frcp
Professor of Medicine;
Chairman,
Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology,
Medical University of Vienna;
Chairman, Second Department of Medicine
Center for Rheumatic Diseases
Hietzing Hospital
Vienna, Austria
Michael E. Weinblatt, md
John R. and Eileen K. Riedman Professor of Medicine
Harvard Medical School;
Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Michael H. Weisman, md
Chief, Division of Rheumatology
Professor of Medicine
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles, California, USA
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
RHEUMATOLOGY ISBN: 978-0-323-06551-1
Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2007, 2004, 2001, 1996 by Elsevier Ltd.
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Notice
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our knowledge, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may
become necessary or appropriate. Readers are advised to check the most current information
provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be
administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of
administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, relying on
their own experience and knowledge of the patient, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages
and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety
precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the Editors assumes any
liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising out of or related to any use
of the material contained in this book.
The Publisher
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rheumatology / [edited by] Marc C. Hochberg … [et al.].—5th ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-06551-1
1. Rheumatology. I. Hochberg, Marc C.
[DNLM: 1. Rheumatic Diseases. 2. Antirheumatic Agents—therapeutic use. WE 544
R47141 2010]
RC927.R48215 2010
616.7′23—dc22
2010009823
Volume 1: 9996077691
Volume 2: 9996077756
Acquisitions Editor: Pamela Hetherington
Developmental Editor: Lucia Gunzel
Publishing Services Manager:Linda Van Pelt
Project Manager: Francisco Morales
Design Direction: Louis Forgione
Working together to grow
libraries in developing countries
Printed in USA www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to acknowledge the tremendous work of the contributors to Rheumatology, without whom this book would not have been possible.
In addition, we would like to acknowledge our mentors: Drs. Eva Alberman, Harry Currey (deceased), Lawrence E. Shulman (deceased, OBM),
Carl Steffen (deceased), Alfred D. Steinberg, Georg Geyer, Mary Betty Stevens (deceased), and Nathan J. Zvaifler.
We would also like to acknowledge the excellent team at Elsevier led by Kim Murphy and including Pamela Hetherington, Lucia Gunzel, and
Frank Morales, as well as our secretaries and administrative assistants (Jacqui Oliver, Aida Medina, Johanna Leibl, and Robin Nichols) for all of
their hard work and diligence. Last, but certainly not least, we want to acknowledge our patients, who continue to provide stimulating challenges
to us in our clinical practices.
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DEDICATION
We would like to dedicate this book to our parents (living or of blessed memory) and our wives, children, and grandchildren:
Susan Hochberg; Francine, Jeffrey, and Eleanor (Nora) Zoe Giuffrida; and Jennifer Hochberg
Ruth Silman; Joanna, Timothy, and Daniel Silman
Alice Smolen; Eva and Daniel Hruschka; Nina, Etienne, and Anna Smolen-Wildson; Daniel Smolen; and Alexander Smolen and Meeri Parikka
Barbara Weinblatt; Hillary and Jason Chapman; and Courtney Weinblatt
Betsy Weisman; Greg, Nicole, Mia, and Joey Weisman; Lisa, Andrew, David, and Thomas Cope; and Annie, Bill, and Caroline Macomber
v
CONTRIBUTORS
S
R
O
T
U
B
RI Aryeh M. Abeles, MD Ivona Aksentijevich, MD Dana P. Ascherman, MD
T Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine Staff Scientist Professor of Medicine
N
Division of Rheumatic Diseases Laboratory of Clinical Investigation Department of Medicine
O
C University of Connecticut School of Medicine National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology
Farmington, Connecticut Skin Diseases University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
USA National Institutes of Health Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Inflammation Bethesda, Maryland USA
USA Clinical features, classification, and epidemiology of
Abby G. Abelson, MD The hereditary recurrent fevers inflammatory muscle disease
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
Interim Chair Daniel Aletaha, MD, MSc Shervin Assassi, MD, MCR
Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Disease Associate Professor Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine–Rheumatology
Vice Chair for Education Department of Medicine University of Texas Medical School at Houston
Orthopaedic and Rheumatology Institute Division of Rheumatology Houston, Texas
Cleveland Clinic Medical University of Vienna USA
Cleveland, Ohio Vienna Epidemiology and classification of scleroderma
USA Austria
Management of osteoporosis Evaluation and outcomes of patients with rheumatoid Sergei P. Atamas, MD, PhD
arthritis Associate Professor of Medicine and Microbiology and
Abhishek Abhishek, MD, MRCP Immunology
Academic Rheumatology Unit Antonios O. Aliprantis, MD, PhD University of Maryland School of Medicine
School of Clinical Sciences Instructor in Medicine Research Health Scientist
University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Harvard Medical School Research and Development Service
Health Sciences Associate Physician Baltimore VA Medical Center
Nottingham Department of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Baltimore, Maryland
United Kingdom Immunology USA
Calcium pyrophosphate crystal–associated arthropathy Brigham and Women’s Hospital The principles of adaptive immunity
Boston, Massachusetts
Steven B. Abramson, MD USA Alan N. Baer, MD
NYU Langone Medical Center Relapsing polychondritis Associate Professor of Medicine
New York, New York Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
USA Cornelia F. Allaart, MD, PhD Chief of Rheumatology
Inflammation Associate Professor Good Samaritan Hospital
Department of Rheumatology Baltimore, Maryland
Michael A. Adams, BSc, PhD Leiden University Faculty of Medicine USA
Reader in Spine Biomechanics Leiden Metabolic, drug-induced, and other non-inflammatory
Department of Anatomy The Netherlands myopathies
University of Bristol Medical School Parenteral gold, antimalarials, and sulfasalazine
Bristol Dominique Baeten, MD, PhD
United Kingdom Pamela G. Allen, MD Professor of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology
Biomechanics of the spine Fellow University of Amsterdam Faculty of Medicine
Department of Orthopaedics Academic Medical Center
David M. Adlam, MBBS, BDS, FRCS, FDSRCS Union Memorial Hospital Amsterdam
Honorary Lecturer in Surgery Baltimore, Maryland The Netherlands
University of Cambridge Medical School USA Etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of
Consultant Maxillofacial Surgeon The ankle and foot ankylosing spondylitis
Addenbrooke’s Hospital
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon Roy D. Altman, MD Nancy Baker, ScD, MPH
Spire Cambridge Lea Hospital Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor
Cambridge Department of Medicine Department of Occupational Therapy
United Kingdom Division of Rheumatology and Immunology University of Pittsburgh School of Health and
The temporomandibular joint David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Rehabilitation Sciences
Los Angeles, California Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Thomas Aigner, MD, DSc USA USA
Professor of Pathology Clinical features of osteoarthritis; Animal models of Principles of rehabilitation: physical and occupational
Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology osteoarthritis therapy
Head of Pathology
University of Würzburg/Coburg Medical Center Martin Aringer, MD Alejandro Balsa, MD, PhD
Coburg Professor of Medicine Associate Professor of Rheumatology
Germany Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine School of Medicine
Pathogenesis and pathology of osteoarthritis Dresden University of Technology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
Chief Staff Rheumatologist
Shizuo Akira, MD, PhD Division of Rheumatology Hospital Universitario La Paz
Professor University Clinical Center Carl Gustav Carus Madrid
Laboratory for Host Defense Dresden Spain
World Premier International Immunology Frontier Germany Septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and gonococcal and
Research Center Signal transduction syphilitic arthritis
Osaka University
Osaka
Japan
vi
Principles of innate immunity
Les Barnsley, BMed(Hons), GradDipEpi, PhD, FRACP, Michael W. Beresford, MBChB, PhD, MRCP(UK), Markus Böhm, MD
FAFRM(RACP) MRCPCH Associate Professor
Associate Professor Senior Lecturer in Paediatric Medicine Department of Dermatology C
O
Department of Medicine Institute of Child Health University of Münster Faculty of Health Science N
University of Sydney Medical School University of Liverpool Faculty of Medicine Münster T
R
Sydney Honorary Consultant Paediatric Rheumatologist Germany IB
Head Clinical Academic Department of Paediatric Skin in rheumatic disease U
T
Department of Rheumatology Rheumatology O
Concord Repatriation Hospital Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust Christelle Boileau, PhD R
S
Concord Liverpool Assistant Professor
New South Wales United Kingdom Department of Pharmacology
Australia Connective tissue diseases in children University of Montreal Faculty of Medicine
Neck pain Postdoctoral Fellow
Brian M. Berman, MD Osteoarthritis Research Unit
Joan M. Bathon, MD Professor of Family and Community Medicine University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre
Professor of Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine (CR-CHUM)
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Medical Director Montreal, Quebec
Baltimore, Maryland Center for Integrative Medicine Canada
USA University of Maryland Medical Center Animal models of osteoarthritis
Management of rheumatoid arthritis: synovitis Baltimore, Maryland
USA Marcy B. Bolster, MD
Michael A. Becker, MD Complementary and alternative medicine Professor of Medicine
Professor Emeritus of Medicine Medical University of South Carolina College of
Division of Rheumatology Bonnie Lee Bermas, MD Medicine
University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine/ Assistant Professor of Medicine Charleston, South Carolina
University of Chicago Hospitals Harvard Medical School USA
Chicago, Illinois Associate Rheumatologist Clinical features of systemic sclerosis
USA Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Etiology and pathogenesis of gout Boston, Massachusetts Stefano Bombardieri, MD
USA Professor of Rheumatology and Director of the
Professor Jill JF Belch, FRCP, MD Drugs and pregnancy Specialty School of Rheumatology
Tayside R&D Director University of Pisa
Head of Institute of Cardiovascular Research, (Vascular George Bertsias, MD, PhD Director of Rheumatology Operative Unit and Director
& Inflammatory Diseases Research Unit) Investigator of the Department of Internal Medicine
Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana
Dundee University of Crete School of Medicine Pisa
United Kingdom Crete Italy
Raynaud’s phenomenon Greece Cryoglobulinemia
Systemic lupus erythematosus: treatment—renal
Nicholas Bellamy, MD, MSc, MBA, DSc involvement Sydney Bonnick, MD
Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine Adjunct Professor
Director John P. Bilezikian, MD Department of Kinesiology and Biological Sciences
Centre of National Research on Disability and Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology University of North Texas
Rehabilitation Medicine (CONROD) Chief Medical Director
University of Queensland Faculty of Health Sciences Division of Endocrinology Clinical Research Center of North Texas
Brisbane, Queensland Department of Medicine Denton, Texas
Australia Columbia University College of Physicians and USA
Principles of clinical outcome assessment Surgeons DXA and measurement of bone
New York, New York
Teresita Bellido, PhD USA Dimitrios T. Boumpas, MD, FACP
Professor Primary hyperparathyroidism: rheumatologic Professor, Internal Medicine
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology manifestations and bone disease University of Crete School of Medicine
Department of Medicine Herakalion
Indiana University School of Medicine Philip E. Blazar, MD Chief
Indianapolis, Indiana Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Clinical
USA Harvard Medical School Immunology, and Allergy
Bone structure and function Attending Physician University Hospital of Heraklion
Department of Orthopedic Surgery Crete
R. Michael Benitez, MD Brigham and Women’s Hospital Greece
Associate Professor Boston, Massachusetts Systemic lupus erythematosus: treatment—renal
Department of Medicine USA involvement
Division of Cardiology The wrist and hand
University of Maryland School of Medicine Richard D. Brasington, Jr., MD
Baltimore, Maryland Jane F. Bleasel, MBBS, PhD, FRACP Professor of Medicine–Rheumatology
USA Clinical Associate Professor Director of Clinical Rheumatology
The heart in rheumatic disease Department of Rheumatology Washington University School of Medicine
University of Sydney Medical School St. Louis, Missouri
Michael Benjamin, BSc, PhD Head USA
Professor Emeritus of Musculoskeletal Biology and Department of Rheumatology Clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis
Sports Medicine Research Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
School of Biosciences Sydney, New South Wales Ferdinand Breedveld, MD
Cardiff University Australia Professor of Rheumatology
Cardiff Hemophilia and von Willebrand disease Department of Rheumatology
United Kingdom Leiden University Medical Center
Enthesopathies Leiden
The Netherlands vii
Tyrosine kinase inhibition
Earl W. Brien, MD David B. Burr, PhD Michael Denis Chard, MD, MB, BS
Cedars Sinai Medical Center Professor of Biomedical Engineering Consultant Rheumatologist
S Los Angeles, California Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Worthing Hospital
R
O USA Indiana University School of Medicine Worthing
UT Bone tumors Indianapolis, Indiana United Kingdom
B USA The elbow
RI Anne C. Brower Bone structure and function
T
N Retired Lan X. Chen, MD, PhD
O Washington, DC Patricia C. Cagnoli, MD Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine
C
Seronegative spondyloarthropathies: imaging Clinical Assistant Professor University of Pennsylvania
Department of Internal Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
Matthew A. Brown, MD, MBBS, FRACP Division of Rheumatology Attending Physician
Professor of Immunogenetics University of Michigan Medical School/University of Penn Presbyterian Medical Center
University of Queensland Faculty of Health Sciences Michigan Health System Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Brisbane Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
University of Queensland Diamantina Institute of USA Other crystal-related arthropathies
Cancer, Immunology and Metabolic Medicine Treatment of non-renal lupus
Princess Alexandra Hospital Ernest H. S. Choy, MD, FRCP
Woolloongabba, Queensland Leonard H. Calabrese, DO Clinical Reader
Australia Professor of Medicine Academic Department of Rheumatology
Genetics of ankylosing spondylitis Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case King’s College London School of Medicine and
Western Reserve University Dentistry
Ian N. Bruce, MD, FRCP Vice Chairman London
Professor of Rheumatology Department of Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases United Kingdom
School of Translational Medicine R.J. Fasenmyer Chair of Clinical Immunology Immunotherapies: T cell and complement
Arthritis Research Council (ARC) Epidemiology Unit Theodore F. Classen DO Chair of Osteopathic Research
University of Manchester Faculty of Medical and and Education Daniel J. Clauw, MD
Human Sciences Cleveland Clinic Foundation Professor
Manchester Cleveland, Ohio Departments of Anesthesiology and
United Kingdom USA Medicine–Rheumatology
Clinical features of psoriatic arthritis Rheumatologic aspects of viral infections University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan
William D. Bugbee, MD Jeffrey P. Callen, MD USA
Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery Professor of Medicine–Dermatology Fibromyalgia and related syndromes
University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine Chief
Attending Physician Division of Dermatology Philip J. Clements, MD, MPH
Division of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Louisville School of Medicine Professor of Medicine
Scripps Clinic Louisville, Kentucky David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
La Jolla, California USA Attending Physician
USA Cutaneous vasculitis and panniculitis Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center
The hip Los Angeles, California
Juan J. Canoso, MD, FACP, MACR USA
Marwan A. S. Bukhari, PhD, FRCP Adjunct Professor of Medicine Immunosuppressives (chlorambucil, cyclosporine,
Honorary Senior Lecturer in Clinical Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine cytoxan, azathioprine [Imuran], mofetil, tacrolimus)
University of Liverpool Faculty of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts
Liverpool USA Nona T. Colburn, MD
Consultant Rheumatologist Rheumatologist Guest Researcher
University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Trust Department of Medicine Laboratory of Clinical Investigation
Lancaster ABC Medical Center National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and
United Kingdom Mexico City Skin Diseases
Mucopolysaccharidoses Mexico National Institutes of Health
Adjunct Professor of Medicine Bethesda, Maryland
Rubén Burgos-Vargas, MD Department of Medicine USA
Professor of Medicine Tufts University School of Medicine The hereditary recurrent fevers
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Boston, Massachusetts
Rheumatologist USA Laura A. Coleman, PhD, RD
Medical Sciences Investigator Aspiration and injection of joints and periarticular tissues Scientist
Hospital General de México and intralesional therapy Epidemiology Research Center
Mexico City Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation
Mexico Sabrina Cavallo, MD Marshfield, Wisconsin
The juvenile-onset spondyloarthropathies Université de Montréal USA
Département de Médecine Sociale et Préventive Nutrition in rheumatic disease
Jane C. Burns, MD McGill University Health Center: Montreal Children’s
Adjunct Professor Hospital Philip G. Conaghan, MBBS, PhD, FRACP, FRCP
Department of Pediatrics Montreal Professor of Musculoskeletal Medicine
University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine Canada School of Medicine
La Jolla Rehabilitation and psychosocial issues in juvenile University of Leeds Faculty of Medicine and Health
Director idiopathic arthritis Deputy Director
Kawasaki Disease Research Center NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit
Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego Tim E. Cawston, BSc, PhD Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
San Diego, California William Leech Professor of Rheumatology Leeds
USA School of Clinical Medical Sciences United Kingdom
Kawasaki disease Musculoskeletal Research Group Imaging of osteoarthritis
Institute of Cellular Medicine
Newcastle University
viii Newcastle upon Tyne
United Kingdom
Tissue destruction and repair
Cyrus Cooper, MD, MA, FRCP, FFPH, FMedSci Raymond Cross, MD, MS Seamus E. Dalton, MBBS, FACRM, FAFRM, FACSP
Professor of Rheumatology Associate Professor Consultant in Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine
School of Medicine Department of Medicine North Sydney Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine C
O
University of Southampton Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Center N
Director Director Sydney, New South Wales T
R
MRC Epidemiology Resource Centre Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program Australia IB
Southampton General Hospital University of Maryland School of Medicine The shoulder U
T
Southampton Chief O
United Kingdom GI Section Shouvik Dass, MA, MBBCh, MRCP(UK) R
S
Epidemiology and classification of metabolic bone VA Maryland Health Care System Clinical Research Fellow
disease Baltimore, Maryland Academic Section of Musculoskeletal Disease
USA Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine
Felicia Cosman, MD Gastrointestinal tract and rheumatic disease University of Leeds Faculty of Medicine and Health
Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine Consultant Rheumatologist
Regional Bone Center Natalie E. Cusano, MD Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust
Helen Hayes Hospital Postdoctoral Clinical Fellow Leeds
West Haverstraw, NY Department of Endocrinology United Kingdom
USA Columbia University Medical Center Rituximab
Pathogenesis of osteoporosis New York, New York
USA Jean-Pierre David, PhD
Karen H. Costenbader, MD, MPH Primary hyperparathyroidism: rheumatologic Group Leader
Assistant Professor of Medicine manifestations and bone disease Experimental Bone Pathology
Harvard Medical School Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and
Co-Director John J. Cush, MD Immunology
Lupus Center Professor of Medicine and Rheumatology University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Director of Clinical Rheumatology Erlangen
Boston, Massachusetts Baylor Research Institute Germany
USA Baylor University Medical Center Osteoimmunology
Epidemiology and classification of systemic lupus Dallas, Texas
erythematosus USA Aileen Davis, PhD
Tumor necrosis factor blocking therapies Senior Scientist
Paul Creamer, MD, FRCP Division of Health Care and Outcomes Research and
Senior Clinical Lecturer Maurizio Cutolo, MD Arthritis and Community Research and Evaluation
Department of Rheumatology Professor of Rheumatology Unit
University of Bristol Medical School Director Toronto Western Research Institute
Consultant Rheumatologist Research Laboratory and Academic Unit of Clinical Toronto, Ontario
Southmead Hospital Rheumatology Canada
North Bristol NHS Healthcare Trust Department of Internal Medicine Assessment of the patient with osteoarthritis and
Bristol Medical School measurement of outcomes
United Kingdom University of Genoa Faculty of Medicine
Neuropathic arthropathy Genoa Chad L. Deal, MD
Italy Associate Professor of Medicine
José C. Crispin, MD Effects of the neuroendocrine system on development and Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case
Instructor in Medicine function of the immune system Western Reserve University
Harvard Medical School Head
Staff Rheumatologist Vivette D’Agati, MD Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Disease
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Professor of Pathology Cleveland Clinic
Boston, Massachusetts Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Cleveland, Ohio
USA Director USA
Pathogenesis of lupus Renal Pathology Division Management of osteoporosis
Columbia University Medical Center
Lindsey A. Criswell, MD, MPH, DSc New York, New York Karel De Ceulaer, MD
Professor of Medicine–Rheumatology and Orofacial USA Department of Medicine
Sciences Immunopathology of systemic lupus erythematosus University of the West Indies
University of California, San Francisco, School of Kingston
Medicine Hanne Dagfinrud, PhD Jamaica
San Francisco, California Associate Professor Joint and bone lesions in hemoglobinopathies
USA University of Oslo Faculty of Medicine
The contribution of genetic factors to rheumatoid Senior Researcher Chris Deighton, MD, FRCP
arthritis National Resource Center for Rehabilitation in Special Lecturer
Rheumatology Nottingham University School of Medical and Surgical
Bruce N. Cronstein, MD Diakonhjemmet Hospital Sciences
Paul R. Esserman Professor of Medicine Oslo Consultant Rheumatologist
New York University School of Medicine Norway Royal Derby Hospital
New York, New York Multidisciplinary approach to rheumatoid arthritis Derby
USA United Kingdom
Pharmacogenomics in rheumatology David I. Daikh, MD, PhD The contribution of genetic factors to rheumatoid arthritis
Associate Professor of Medicine
Department of Medicine Paul F. Dellaripa, MD
Division of Rheumatology Assistant Professor of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco, School of Harvard Medical School
Medicine Staff Rheumatologist
Chief Co-Director
Rheumatology Section Interstitial Lung Disease Center
San Francisco Medical Center Brigham and Women’s Hospital
San Francisco, California Boston, Massachusetts ix
USA USA
Animal models of lupus The lung in rheumatic disease