Rhetoric in British Politics and Society Rhetoric,PoliticsandSocietySeries SeriesEditors:AlanFinlayson,UniversityofEastAnglia;JamesMartin,Goldsmiths, UniversityofLondon;KendallPhillips,SyracuseUniversity Rhetoricliesattheintersectionofavarietyofdisciplinaryapproachesandmethods, drawinguponthestudyoflanguage,history,cultureandphilosophytounderstand the persuasive aspects of communication in all its modes: spoken, written, argued, depictedandperformed.Thisseriespresentsthebestinternationalresearchinrhetoric thatdevelopsandexemplifiesthemultifacetedandcross-disciplinaryexplorationof practices of persuasion and communication. It seeks to publish texts that openly exploreandexpandrhetoricalknowledgeandenquiry,beitintheformofhistorical scholarship,theoreticalanalysisorcontemporaryculturalandpoliticalcritique. Titlesinclude: JudiAtkins,AlanFinlayson,JamesMartinandNickTurnbull(editors) RHETORICINBRITISHPOLITICSANDSOCIETY MihaelaMihaiandMathiasThaler(editors) ONTHEUSESANDABUSESOFPOLITICALAPOLOGIES Rhetoric,PoliticsandSocietySeries SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–1–137–33157–1 (outsideNorthAmericaonly) Youcanreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublishedbyplacingastanding order.Pleasecontactyourbookselleror,incaseofdifficulty,writetousattheaddress belowwithyournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesandtheISBNquotedabove. CustomerServicesDepartment,MacmillanDistributionLtd,Houndmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS,England Rhetoric in British Politics and Society Editedby Judi Atkins ResearchFellowinBritishPolitics,SchoolofPoliticsandInternationalStudies, UniversityofLeeds,UK Alan Finlayson ProfessorofPoliticalandSocialTheory,SchoolofPolitical,SocialandInternational Studies,UniversityofEastAnglia,UK James Martin ProfessorofPolitics,Goldsmiths,UniversityofLondon,UK and Nick Turnbull LecturerinPolitics,SchoolofSocialSciences,UniversityofManchester,UK Selectionandeditorialmatter©JudiAtkins,AlanFinlayson, JamesMartinandNickTurnbull2014 Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-32552-5 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2014by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-45941-4 ISBN 978-1-137-32553-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137325532 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. Contents ListofFiguresandTables vii Acknowledgements viii NotesonContributors ix Introduction:RhetoricandtheBritishWayofPolitics 1 AlanFinlaysonandJamesMartin Part I PoliticsandLeadership 1 TheRhetoricofRhetoric–PoliticalRhetoricasFunction andDysfunction 17 NicholasO’Shaughnessy 2 RhetoricalTechniqueandGovernance–Aphorismsand Leaders’PoliticalPersuasion 30 KevinMorrellandRobinBurrow 3 RhetoricandParliamentaryLeadership–Prime Minister’sQuestions 45 ChristopherReid 4 RhetoricandPoliticalIntervention–Churchill’sWorldWarII SpeechesinContext 58 RichardToye Part II IdeologyandPolicy 5 RhetoricandPartyPolitics–LookingBeyondtheLeader 73 KatharineDommett 6 RhetoricandDevolution–TimeandSpaceinWelsh LabourRhetoric 87 DavidS.Moon 7 RhetoricandMorality–HowtheCoalitionJustifies WelfarePolicy 101 RichardHaytonandLibbyMcEnhill v vi Contents Part III CultureandSociety 8 RhetoricandMulticulturalism–DavidCameron’s‘KingJames’ SpeechandtheCrisisofMulticulturalism 119 BridgetByrne 9 RhetoricandRace–DavidStarkeyandthe2011EnglishRiots 133 NeilFoxlee 10 RhetoricandSatire–SpittingImageandPoliticalComedy 148 AndrewScottCrines 11 RhetoricandtheEveryday–FairnessasRhetoricalForce andtheMicro-PoliticsofIntentionalityinaNorth ManchesterTown 160 KatherineSmith Conclusion:Rhetoric,BritishIdentityandInterdisciplinarity 173 JudiAtkinsandNickTurnbull Index 185 Figures and Tables Figures 2.1 Twodimensionsforanalysingaphorisms 36 Tables 2.1 Tenaphorismsanalysedintermsoffiverhetoricaltechniques 34 vii Acknowledgements This collection was produced from a workshop hosted in May 2012 by the Politics Discipline Area, School of Social Sciences at the University of Manchester.OurthanksgototheSchoolofSocialSciences,whichprovided thevenueandfinancialsupport.WewouldalsoliketothanktheManchester Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence (http://www.manchesterjmce.ac.uk), whichgenerouslyprovidedfundstosupporttravelandworkshopexpenses. Finally,wewouldliketothankAmberStone-Galilee,AndrewBairdandall thestaffatPalgraveMacmillanfortheirsupportforthisproject. viii Contributors JudiAtkinsisResearchFellowinBritishPoliticsattheUniversityofLeeds. ShehastaughtundergraduatecoursesonBritishPoliticsattheuniversitiesof LeedsandBirmingham.SheisauthorofJustifyingNewLabourPolicy,aswell asarticlesonpoliticalrhetoricintheBritishJournalofPoliticsandInternational Relations, British Politics, Political Studies (co-authored with Alan Finlayson) andPolitics.Sheiscurrentlyco-authoringabookentitledSpeakingofPolitics: DevelopmentandChangeinBritishPoliticalRhetoricwithAlanFinlayson. Robin Burrow is Lecturer in Management and Organisational Behaviour at the University of Buckingham. His research interests are in the area of workplace interaction and communication – the ‘problems’ that workers encounterduringtheireverydaylivesandtheirmethodsforresolvingthem. Current and previous projects include studies of telemarketers, charitable streetvendors,vetsandMichelinstarchefs. Bridget Byrne is Senior Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Manchester.Sheiscurrentlyworkingonquestionsofnationalidentityand citizenship.Her2006bookWhiteLives:TheInterplayofRace,ClassandGender wontheBSAPhillipAbrahamsAwardforbestfirstbook.Shehaspublished articles in Ethnic and Racial Studies, Citizenship Studies, Sociology, Sociological Review,andtheBritishJournalofEducation. AndrewScottCrinesisTeachingFellowinForeignPolicyandBritishPolitics attheUniversityofLeeds. His research interestsfocus onpoliticalcommu- nicationwithinBritishpartypolitics,withaparticularfocusonoratory.He is also the co-editor of two volumes on oratory and rhetoric in post-war Labour and Conservative politics respectively. He has published sole and joint-authoredacademicarticlesonoratory,rhetoricandideologicalcontro- versies. He is also a regular contributor to debates on communication for bothprintandbroadcastmedia. Katharine Dommett is Research Fellow at the University of Sheffield. Her PhD thesis examined ideology and modernisation in the UK party con- text, while her research more widely focuses on the interaction of ideas and institutions. Her recent work has been conducted in partnership with theCabinetOfficeandfocusesontheCoalitionGovernment’spublicbodies reformprogramme. ix