Rhenius C.T.E. A Grammar of the Tamil Language

314 Pages·17.882 MB·

THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES

; t>yr>t
GRAMMAR
A
OF
THE TAMIL LANGUAGE,
WITH
ain appcuiJijr.
BY
C. T. E. R H E N I U S,
MISSIONARY, TINNEVELLY.
MADRAS
PRINTED AT THE CHURCH MISSION PRESS.
1836.

7
PL
¥753
CONTENTS.
Orthography,
PAGB.
1 General Statement, 7
2 The Tamil Letters, ibid.
3 Division ofLetters, 12
4 Names of do ihid.
5 Pronunciationdo 1-*
6 Transmutation do 18
7 Omission do 22
8 Augmentation do 23
9 Some words are variously changed, 29
10 A List ofthe changes 35
'Etymology.
11 Parts ofSpeech, 36
12 The Particle (@«n:_.f0^/r«b) 37
13 Division ofNoims in proper and common, 42
14 Further division ofNouns in high and no-caste, 43
15 Subdivision into 5 classes (Lj/rci)) orgenders, ihid.
16 Cases ofNouns and Declension, 45
1 Pronouns, 52
18 First personal Pronoun, 53
\^ Second do 54
20 Third do 55
21 Interrogative Pronouns, 61
22 Nouns ofNumber, 63
.
23 Indefinite Pronouns, 68
24 Formation ofNouns, 71
25 Verbs (aS?«r^Q^/r6i). Their parts, 76
IV
PAGE.
26 Their Roots, 76
27 Their Affixes, •• ibid.
28 Their three Tenses, 77
29 Imperative Mode, 86
30 Optative Mode, 87
31 Their Indefinite Modes, including Participles, Gerunds
Infinitive, Subjunctive, •*• 89
32 Verbal Nouns, 93
33 Negative form ofa Verb, with Paradigms of Conjugation, 97
34 Causal Verbs, 102
35 Defective Verbs, ibid.
36 Two Voices ofVerbs, 106
37 A peculiar kind of Verbal Nouns oS^esr^^^uL/^Tp^^, ... 108
38 Derivation and formation ofVerbs, 109
39 t^S^Os'rr&i orqualifying words, 112
40 Adjectives, 113
41 Adverbs, 115
Si/nfax.
42 General Statement, 117
43 Nominative and its Verb, 118
44 Second or Accusative case, 122
45 Third case or Ablative instr 124
46 Fourth or Dative case, 125
47 Fifth or Ablative mot 128
48 Sixth or Genitive case, 129
49 The seventh case or Ablative loc 131
50 Eighth or Vocative case, 132
51 Oblique case, ibid.
62 Present Tense, 133
53 Past Tense, ibid.
54 Future Tense, 134
PAGE.
55 Relative Participles, 135
56 First and tliird verbal Participles or Gerund and past Sub-
junctive, withthe auxiliary Verbs, • • •• 138
57 Second and fourth verbal Participle or future Subjunctive
(^©«^,) 147
58 Fifth verbal Participle or Infinitive, j43
59 Construction ofverbal nouns (.^^0,) 150
60 Use ofthe Imperative mode, 151
61 ^, Optative, ihid,
62 „ Negative verbs, J52
63 „ Passive forms, I53
64 Some parts of ere^Sp^, viz. sre^^, otsw^lc, er^(rr,^
iSTeSeO^ srejTLJ^, crearLJSUSBr^ 154
65 Active Verbs formed vvith Sanscrit Nouns, .... I53
66 Neuterverbs formed with ^Sp^, ^nS'.Q^iQjD^^ uQQjd^
includingtheuseof.^/i;, ^aJ^',^ssreusar, ^ear^, 25g
67 The Verbs f^feo^ ^(t^s-so^ &c 262
68 „ oitTihsii^ Qstr&rstreO^ &c ^^^'^
69 „ Os^iTedeOeO^ Qus^ed^ &C jgQ
70 „ 9«@L£>, &c 2(54
71 55 GfiL/ei»r(BLC, &c 265
72 „ uariLQL-esr^ &c 266
73 „ @b-!)asi;, @a)6i)rLQ^, .=a,'».\)6i), ^ed&)!Tuyffd, ^drjiSl, ... 107
74 „ ^.errerr^ &.iss!rG), 270
7h-5 „ Gurr^Lo, 272
76 „ <SL-Gsu<sir, IfjiJ^
T7'7 „ ^©LD, ^^/r^, 273
78 „ si-^iLt. «._L-r^, difference between jr^-l-it^ and
Lamli-n-^', Und.
79 „ Qu^eo, 276
80 The pronounsandindefinitedemonstrativepronouns=syOT«Br,
^'sh-sisr^ il)id.
VI
PAGH.
81 The interrogative, CTayeJr, er/^ff, &c., when connected n-ith
6?, ^Sja/tii, or .^Oea/Lo, 181
82 The Particle, uu^, 184
83 The Particle S7, 185
8-1 » !?, ••• 187
85 „ ^, 190
86 „ e_Lo, ibid.
87 „ eresrjT), and ot«w, 193
88 „ @«"3T6»rL0 or @«"3T,§p/L0, 195
89 „ GpeJr, (Jo-ir, &c., Sl^, Glo^, &C 196
•^^eijii, 199
91 „ u>p^,and Qeujui, 200
92 „ @S!lfi or @S5fi(?L0«), 201
93 „ IsQiurr,
if,ifi^
94 The use of <«-£_, 202
~
95 „ ^eSir,^^^,
— ii^-^^
96 „ ^pi:(Se>!i;Diu, ibid.
—
97 „ -^^, 203
—
98 „ — @j^, (5ip^^, &c ibid.
99 „ «®«, and (jp®*, ibid.
—
100 „ tusSiu, 204
—
101 „ (S;^k^^ ibid.
—
102 „ @«o«Dn-aSili_n-«), ibid.
—
103 ., .^©ja/ix, ^Sj2/ii), ^iLii^ii, 205
—
104 „ ©-.gi/Ji and ^^w^c, 206
—
105 ,, — lo/t^^Jld, ^OTa,', _^?<5ir, ^'Sewr, 207
106 „ L/;3LD and tj/r«&, 208
—
10/ „ O-J/r0il0, 209
—
108 „ jSuS^^il, ibid.
—
109 „ ^emsiurr^^ .^^eOirei, ibid.
—
110 ,. Particles ^/rsar and^tlo, 210