RF and Microwave Passive and Active Technologies (Electrical Engineering Handbook)

734 Pages·2007·32.04 MB·English

by  Mike Golio

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Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Editors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
AdvisoryBoard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
IntroductiontoMicrowavesandRF
PatrickFay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1
1
OverviewofMicrowaveEngineering
MikeGolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
SECTION I Passive Technologies
2
PassiveLumpedComponents
AlfyRiddle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
3
PassiveMicrowaveDevices
MichaelB.Steer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
4
DielectricResonators
S.JerryFiedziuszko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
5
RFMEMS
KarlVarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
v
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vi Contents
6
SurfaceAcousticWave(SAW)Filters
DonaldC.Malocha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
7
RFCoaxialCables
MichaelE.Majerus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-1
8
CoaxialConnectors
DavidAnderson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1
9
AntennaTechnology
JamesB.West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1
10
PhasedArrayAntennaTechnology
JamesB.West . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1
11
TheFresnel-ZonePlateAntenna
JamesC.Wiltse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1
12
RFPackageDesignandDevelopment
JeanneS.Pavio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1
SECTION II Active Device Technologies
13
Varactors
JanStake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1
14
SchottkyDiodeFrequencyMultipliers
JackEastandImranMehdi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1
15
TransitTimeMicrowaveDevices
RobertJ.Trew. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1
16
BipolarJunctionTransistors(BJTs)
JohnC.Cowles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16-1
17
HeterostructureBipolarTransistors(HBTs)
WilliamLiu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17-1
18
Metal-Oxide-SemiconductorField-EffectTransistors(MOSFETs)
JulioCosta,MikeCarroll,G.AliRezvani,andTomMcKay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18-1
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RFCMOSModelingandCircuitApplications
JulioCosta,MikeCarroll,G.AliRezvani,andTomMcKay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19-1
20
MetalSemiconductorFieldEffectTransistors
MichaelS.Shur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20-1
21
HighElectronMobilityTransistors(HEMTs)
PrashantChavarkarandUmeshMishra . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21-1
22
NitrideDevices
RobertJ.Trew. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-1
23
MicrowaveVacuumTubes
JerryC.Whitaker,RobertR.Weirather,andThomasK.Ishii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23-1
24
MonolithicMicrowaveICTechnology
LawrenceP.Dunleavy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24-1
25
BringingRFICstotheMarket
JohnC.Cowles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-1
SECTION III Materials Properties
26
Metals
MikeGolio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-1
27
Dielectrics
K.F.Etzold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27-1
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FerroelectricsandPiezoelectrics
K.F.Etzold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28-1
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MaterialPropertiesofSemiconductors
H.MikeHarris. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-1
AppendixA:Mathematics,Symbols,andPhysicalConstants . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1
AppendixB:MicrowaveEngineeringAppendix
JohnP.Wendler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I-1
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Preface
The first edition of the RF and Microwave Handbook was published in 2000. The project got off to an
inauspiciousstartwhen24inchesofsnowfellinDenvertheeveningbeforetheadvisoryboardplannedto
holdtheirkick-offmeeting.TwomembersoftheboardweretrappedfordaysintheDenverairportsince
planeswerenotarrivingorleaving.Becauseofroadclosures,onememberwasstrandedonlymilesaway
fromthemeetinginBoulder.AndtheremainderoftheboardwasstrandedinaDenverhotel10miles
fromtheairport.Despitethisominousbeginning,aplanwasformed,expertauthorsrecruited,andthe
bookwasdevelopedandpublished.Theplanninganddevelopmentofthissecondeditionhavebeenvery
smoothanduneventfulincomparisontoourfirstefforts.Sincepublicationin2000,thevalueoftheRF
andMicrowaveHandbookhasbeenrecognizedbythousandsofengineersthroughouttheworld. Three
derivativehandbookshavealsobeenpublishedandembracedbythemicrowaveindustry.Theadvisory
boardbelievesthatthiseditionwillbefoundtobeofevengreatervaluethanthefirstedition.
Priortothe1990s,microwaveengineeringwasemployedalmostexclusivelytoaddressmilitary,satellite,
andavionicsapplications.In1985,therewereafewlimitedapplicationsofRFandmicrowavesystemsthat
laymenmightbefamiliarwithsuchassatelliteTVandtheuseofsatellitecommunicationsforoverseas
phonecalls.Pagerswerealsoavailablebutnotcommon.Incontrast,by1990thewirelessrevolutionhad
begun.Cellphoneswerebecomingcommonandnewapplicationsofwirelesstechnologywereemerging
everyday.Companiesinvolvedinwirelessmarketsseemedtohavealicensetoprintmoney.Atthetime
oftheintroductionofthefirsteditionoftheRFandMicrowaveHandbook,wirelesselectronicproducts
werepervasive,butrelativelysimple,earlygenerationsoftheadvancedwirelessproductsavailabletoday.
Atpresent,thenumberofpeopleusingwirelessvoiceanddatasystemscontinuestogrow.Newsystems
suchas3Gphones, 4Gphones, andWiMAXrepresentemergingnewwirelessmarketswithsignificant
growth potential. All of these wireless products are dependent on the RF and microwave component
andsystemengineering, whichisthesubjectofthisbook. Duringthistimethemilitary, satellite, and
avionicssystemshavealsobecomeincreasinglycomplex.Theresearchanddevelopmentthatdrivesthese
applicationscontinuestoserveasthefoundationformostofthecommercialwirelessproductsavailable
toconsumers.
ThiseditionofthehandbookcoversissuesofinteresttoengineersinvolvedinRF/microwavesystem
andcomponentdevelopment.Thesecondeditionincludessignificantlyexpandedtopiccoverageaswell
asupdatedornewarticlesformostofthetopicsincludedinthefirstedition.Theexpansionofmaterial
haspromptedthedivisionofthehandbookintothreeindependentvolumesofmaterial.Thechaptersare
aimedatworkingengineers,managers,andacademicswhohaveaneedtounderstandmicrowavetopics
outsidetheirareaofexpertise.Althoughthebookisnotwrittenasatextbook,researchersandstudents
will find it useful. Most of the chapters provide extensive references so that they will not only explain
fundamentalsofeachfield,butalsoserveasastartingpointforfurtherin-depthresearch.
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