Rewriting the Nation in Modern Kazakh Literature: Elites and Narratives PDF
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Rewriting the Nation in Modern Kazakh Literature Contemporary Central Asia: Societies, Politics, and Cultures SeriesEditor:MarleneLaruelle,GeorgeWashingtonUniversity AtthecrossroadsofRussia,China,andtheIslamicworld,CentralAsiaremainsoneofthe world’sleast-understoodregions,despitebeingasignificanttheaterformuscle-flexingby thegreatpowersandregionalplayers.Thisseries,inconjunctionwithGeorgeWashing- ton University’s Central Asia Program, offers insight into Central Asia by providing readers unique access to state-of-the-art knowledge on the region. Going beyond the mediaclichés,theseriesinscribesthestudyofCentralAsiaintothesocialsciencesand hopestofillthedearthofworksontheregionforbothscholarlyknowledgeandunder- graduateandgraduatestudenteducation. TitlesintheSeries Kyrgyzstanbeyond“DemocracyIsland”and“FailingState”:SocialandPolitical ChangesinaPost-SovietSociety,editedbyMarleneLaruelleandJohanEngvall AfghanistananditsNeighborsaftertheNATOWithdrawal,editedbyAminSaikaland KirillNourzhanov IntegrationinEnergyandTransport:Azerbaijan,Georgia,andTurkey,byAlexandros Petersen KazakhstanintheMaking:Legitimacy,Symbols,andSocialChanges,editedbyMarlene Laruelle TheOriginsoftheCivilWarinTajikistan:“FortheSoul,Blood,Homeland,andHonor,” byTimEpkenhans RewritingtheNationinModernKazakhLiterature:ElitesandNarratives,byDianaT. Kudaibergenova Rewriting the Nation in Modern Kazakh Literature Elites and Narratives Diana T. Kudaibergenova LEXINGTONBOOKS Lanham•Boulder•NewYork•London PublishedbyLexingtonBooks AnimprintofTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. 4501ForbesBoulevard,Suite200,Lanham,Maryland20706 wwwrowman.com UnitA,WhitacreMews,26-34StannaryStreet,LondonSE114AB Copyright©2017byTheRowman&LittlefieldPublishingGroup,Inc. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyany electronicormechanicalmeans,includinginformationstorageandretrievalsystems, withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,exceptbyareviewerwhomayquote passagesinareview. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationInformationAvailable LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataAvailable 978-1-4985-2829-0(cloth:alk.paper) 978-1-4985-2830-6(electronic) TMThepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirementsofAmerican NationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibrary Materials,ANSI/NISOZ39.48-1992. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica InthelivingmemoryofGeroldKarlovichBelgerandmygrandma IbragimovaRuqiyaOrazakhunovna IdedicatethisbooktothetwogreatestteachersIwasblessedtohavein mylife,tothelivingmemoryofliterarygeniusGeroldBelger,andtomy belovedgrandmotherRuqiya.Theybothinspiredmeinmanywaysto search,learnandwriteaboutliteratureandculture.Thisbookwasin- spiredbyGera-agaandhisgreatKnowledgeaboutKazakhCulture.To mygrandmaIowemycuriosity,numerouslanguages,longesttalkson “identity”andmytrue“CentralEurasianism”fromKashgartoFergana ValleytoJetysu. Contents Acknowledgments ix Preface xiii Introduction xvii NoteonTransliterationandTranslations xxix 1 NationalSurvival,Alash,andModernKazakhLiteraryDebates 1 2 Self-OrientalizationandRewritingoftheNarrative 21 3 TheFormationofSovietKazakhLiteraryCanon 37 4 MukhtarAuezov’sAbaiZholyandtheEncyclopediaofthe KazakhNation 59 5 KoshpendilerandtheRe-DiscoveryofthePast:Canonizing Nomadism 83 6 Magauin’sCulturalArchaeologyinKazakhstan’sNational HistoryandLiterature 101 7 Internationalism,Post-Colonialism,andKazakhSoviet Literatureinthe1960sand1980s:AnuarAlimzhanov, SatimzhanSanbayev,andMuratAuezov 123 8 OlzhasSuleimenovandtheUn-BoundedImaginationofthePast 149 9 TheDecember1986EventsandtheNationalImaginationinthe Post-IndependenceEra 175 10 TimelessandPost-National:GeroldBelger’sNarrationon Kazakhstan 191 Conclusion 209 vii viii Contents Bibliography 217 Index 223 AbouttheAuthor 227 Acknowledgments I owe this book to all the people who believed in me and inspired me to researchforitandwriteit.Dr.DavidLanehadaspecialinterestinmywork throughout my studies at Cambridge University and challenged me in many different ways to do my best. He was a great mentor throughout this long journeyfullofdiscoveriesandfruitfuldiscussions.Iwillalwaysbeindebted tohimforhisadvice,detailedreadingofmymanuscript,anduniquementor- ship.Dr.PeggyWatson,Dr.JeffMiley,andDr.Saxenabeliefinmyproject kept me going and I am grateful for their advice and comments. Prof. Sally N.Cummingsgaveveryhelpfulcommentstostartoffthisprojectandvolun- teered my initial drafts and I will always be grateful for her comments that took me very far in my thoughts and decisions in the field throughout the years.Herworkshavebeenagreatinspirationformywiderresearchagenda andIamindebtedtoherfortheadviceandmentorship. Marlene Laruelle, the senior editor of the Contemporary Central Asia: Societies,Politics,andCulturesseries,isafantasticmentorwhocontributed enormously to the publication of this book. I was fortunate to have her support every step of this project. She was an attentive and encouraging editor and words cannot express how grateful I am for this priceless experi- enceandlearning. PrajaktiKalraandherendlessenthusiasm,objectivecriticism,andexcel- lentadvicebenefitedmeinmanywaysbeyondprofessionaldevelopment.To her tireless reading of my drafts I owe the fact that most of my work was finalizedontimeandsawthelightbeyondpeerreviewing. I amindebtedto theeditorialteamatRowmanandLittlefield,Brian Hill and Eric Kuntzman for their attentive and active participation, for their en- couragement and motivation. This was the most rewarding publishing expe- riencefromthestarttotheend. ix x Acknowledgments thefinalversionofthisbookowesmuchtomycolleaguesandfriendsin thefieldofliteraryandculturalstudiesofCentralAsia.Ourcommunityand ourdiscussionsservedasinspirationforthedevelopmentofthismanuscript. To Chris Baker, Naomi Caffee, Gabriel McGuire, Chris Fort, Joshua L. Freeman, James Pickett, Samuel Hodgkins, and, of course, Boram Shin— thank you for reading and commenting on my numerous chapters and for keeping my spirits up with your helpful comments.In our elaborate discus- sions, encounters in the archives, and numerous conferences I was able to develop my ideas further and enhance my arguments. I am grateful to have youallinmylife. Parts of the chapters of this book were presented and discussed at the 2011biennaleconferenceoftheEuropeanSocietyforCentralAsianStudies, held at Cambridge University; 2012 UCLA Central Asia workshop (orga- nized by Naomi Caffee); 2014 conference of the Organization for the Ad- vancement of Studies of Inner Eurasion Societies, titled “The Hinge of the World: Connections, Networks, and Linkages in Inner Eurasia” and held at theHarrimanInstitute,ColumbiaUniversity;and2014CentralAsianStudies Institute-American University of Central Asia workshop on the “Intersec- tions of History and Literature in Central Asia,” organized by Chris Baker andSvetlanaJacquesson,inBishkek,Kyrgyzstan.Iamindebtedtothegreat comments and advice I received from the many participants of these work- shops and conferences, including Central Asian scholars Ayse-Azade Ror- lich, Gardner Bovingdon, Harsha Ram, Marianne Kamp, and William Fier- man,AlanTimberlake,AndrewWatchel,andHollyMyers.Specialgratitude goestoArtemyM.Kalinovskyforsupplyingmewithmaterialandengaging me in discussions about the 1960s, tractors, and so on that informed a num- berofpagesinthisvolume. A shorter version of chapter 5 was published in 2013 in Nationalities Papers, vol. 41, no. 5 under the title “‘Imagining Community’ in Soviet Kazakhstan: AnHistorical Analysis of Narrative onNationalismin Kazakh- Soviet Literature.” I am grateful to the journal’s editor and publisher for the permission to reprint this piece in an expanded version in this volume. Gul- dana Salimjan, dosym, thank you for helping me out with the medieval Ka- zakh literature and for reading and commenting on chapter 6, you are a true inspiration.I alsothankGuldanaSalimzhan andKarlygashAbiyevafortak- ing the time to check translations of poems in chapter 5; and I thank Boram ShinforcheckingtranslationsinChapter1. Other peoplehavecontributed to thisresearchin manyways.I thankmy dear friends whosupportedmethroughoutthisproject,whichtook mefrom Cambridge to Almaty, to Kiev, to Paris, to Florence, to Almaty again, and back to Cambridge. A special thanks goes to Tleuzhan Zhunussova, Adrien Fauve, Karlygash Abieva, Olga Mun, my aunt Rauza Ibragimova, my sister Malika Smagulova, my brother Kuanysh Kudaibergenov and his family—
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