Winner of the Jules and Frances Landry Award for 1996 This page intentionally left blank Devolution, /Romanticism, and the _yvfro-Creole /-rotest J/radition in Louisiana 1718-1868 This page intentionally left blank Devolution, Romanticism, and the _X/fro - Creole /-rotest J/radition in Louisiana 1718-1868 CARYN COSSE BELL LOUISIANA STATK UNIVI.RSITY PRESS Baton Rouge and London Copyright © 1997 ^Y Louisiana State University Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America LOUISIANA PAPERBACK EDITION, 2004 Designer: Michele Myatt Typefaces: Granjon, Cornet Typesetter: Impressions Book and Journal Services, Inc. Printer and hinder: Thomson-Shore, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bell, Caryn Cosse Revolution, romanticism, and the Afro-Creole protest tradition in Louisiana, 1718-1868/Caryn Cosse Bell p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8071-2096-0 (cloth) i. Afro-Americans—Louisiana—New Orleans—Politics and government. 2. Creoles—Louisiana—New Orleans—Politics and government. 3. Radicalism— Louisiana—New Orleans—History—lyth century. 4. Radicalism—Louisiana— New Orleans—History—i8th century. 5. Republicanism—Louisiana—New Orleans—History—i9th century. 6. Republicanism—Louisiana—New Orleans— History—18th century. 7. Romanticism—Louisiana—New Orleans—History— i gth century. 8. Romanticism—Louisiana—New Orleans—History—i8th century. 9. New Orleans (La.)—History. I. Title. F379.N59N4-5 1997 976-3'35—tic20 96-35429 CIP ISBN 0-8071-3026-5 (pbk.) Grateful acknowledgement is made to the Archives of the Sisters of the Holy family, New Orleans, for permission to cite unpublished and published materials. Portions of Chapters 2, 4, and 7 first appeared in "The Impact of Revolutionary Upheaval in France and the French Caribbean on Nineteenth-Century Black Leadership in New Orleans," by Caryn Cosse Bell and Joseph Logsdon, in the Proceedings of the French Colonial Historical Society, Martinique and Guadeloupe, May i<)8o, (Lanham, Md., 1992), 142—53, and are reproduced by permission. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, (°°) For Ulysses S. Ricard, Jr. (1951-1993) This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments xiii Introduction i / Revolution and the Origins of Dissent 9 2 The Republican Cause and the Afro-Creole Militia 41 3 The New American Racial Order 65 4 Romanticism, Social Protest, and Reform 89 5 French Freemasonry and the Republican Heritage 145 6 Spiritualism's Dissident Visionaries 187 7 War, Reconstruction, and the Politics of Radicalism 222 Conclusion 276 Appendix: Membership in Two Masonic Lodges and Biographical Information 283 Bibliography 295 Index 313
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