Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World / 25th Anniversary Edition 2nd Edition

646 Pages·2016·24.36 MB·English

by  Jack Goldstone

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Revolution and Rebellion in the
Early Modern World
25th Anniversary Edition
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: What can the great crises of the past teach us about contemporary revolu-
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0 tions? Jack Goldstone shows the important role of population changes,
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a youth bulges, urbanization, elite divisions and fiscal crises in creating
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o major political crises. Goldstone shows how state breakdowns in both
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i western monarchies and Asian empires followed the same patterns, trig-
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n gered when inflexible political, economic, and social institutions were
Sa overwhelmed by cumulative changes in population structure that collided
a, with popular aspirations and state-elite relations. Examining the great
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n revolutions of Europe—the English and French Revolutions—and the
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f great rebellions of Asia, which shattered dynasties in Ottoman Turkey,
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a China, and Japan, he shows how long cycles of revolutionary crises and
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f stability similarly shaped politics in Europe and Asia, but led to differ-
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y ent outcomes.
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si In this 25th anniversary edition, Goldstone reflects on the history of
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e revolutions in the last twenty-five years, from the Philippines and other
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n color revolutions to the Arab Uprisings and the rise of the Islamic State.
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[ In a new introduction, he re-examines his pioneering look at the role of
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b population changes—such as rising youth cohorts, urbanization, shifting
d elite mobility—as continuing causal factors of revolutions and rebellions.
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a The new concluding chapter updates his major theory and looks to the
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l future of revolutions in the Middle East, Asia, and Africa.
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D Jack A. Goldstone is Virginia E. and John T. Hazel, Jr. Professor of Public
Policy and Eminent Scholar at the Schar School of Policy and Government
at George Mason University. He has previously taught at Northwestern
University, the University of California, and Caltech.
PRAISE FOR THE NEW EDITION
Books that significantly reorient fields of study are rare. Revolution and Rebellion did just
that with the study of revolution when it first appeared in 1991. Rarer still are books that
seem just as relevant, or perhaps more so, a quarter of a century after their initial release.
As the new material in the 25th anniversary edition makes clear, Revolution and Rebellion
belongs in this rarified second group as well.
7 Doug McAdam, Stanford University
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0 I read Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World for the first time when I was
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h a graduate student—a time when my own ideas about what to study and how to study it
c were just starting to gel. Jack Goldstone’s now-classic book provided me with the tools
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a to solve a range of puzzles related to social movement activism and consequences, public
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policy implementation, voting behavior, intergroup conflict, and inequality, and has power-
4 fully shaped my own thinking over the past twenty-five years. His distinct analysis remains
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7 fresh, relevant, and broadly applicable today.
2 Rory McVeigh, University of Notre Dame
:
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0 Jack Goldstone’s Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World is as worthy of
at study and emulation today as it was twenty-five years ago. The book demonstrates clearly
] how outstanding works of comparative-historical analysis generate stable findings that hold
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g up over the years. A stunning breakthrough in 1991 becomes a timeless classic in 2016.
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Di James Mahoney, Northwestern University
n Jack Goldstone’s powerful and persuasive book dramatically changed how we understand
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S revolution; a generation later, it has lost none of its punch and proven prescient in any
a, number of ways, not least about waves of revolution and the demographic trends that
ni keep them real and relevant. An updated final chapter is a fitting coda and must-read for
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o those interested in socio-political change. Theoretically sophisticated, substantively rich,
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i and beautifully written, this remains a classic for our time and those to come.
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C Eric Selbin, Southwestern University
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o Revolution and Rebellion in the Early Modern World remains a classic in the lively and
y ever-growing literature on revolutions. By broadening the scope to include revolutions that
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si failed, Jack Goldstone is able to highlight the crucial role played by demographic transi-
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e tions in prompting rebellion and revolution. This book, an essential contribution when it
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i first appeared, is even more timely as we become more and more aware of environmental
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U limits to economic growth.
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y Steven Pincus, Yale University
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d PRAISE FOR THE ORIGINAL EDITION
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a • Winner of the 1993 American Sociological Association’s Distinguished Scholarly
o Publication Award
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w This remarkable and brilliant book arrives not a moment too soon . . . A major intellectual
o achievement which will redraw the map of early modern history.
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William Doyle, Times Higher Education Supplement
Surely the most interesting general statement on revolutions in a long time.
John Markoff, American Journal of Sociology
A book of real stature—high powered, provocative, and ambitious.
John A. Hall, Contemporary Sociology
REVOLUTION AND
REBELLION IN THE
EARLY MODERN WORLD
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0 Population Change and State Breakdown
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c in England, France, Turkey, and China,
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1600–1850
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7 25th Anniversary Edition
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y Jack A. Goldstone
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O Routledge
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D Taylor & Francis Group
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an Informa business
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: Published 2016
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0 by Routledge
t 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
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o and by Routledge
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e 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Di Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
n © 2016 Taylor & Francis
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S The right of Jack A. Goldstone to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by
a, him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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or All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any
f form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented,
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al including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system,
C without permission in writing from the publishers.
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y Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,
t and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
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e First edition published by University of California Press 1991
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U Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
[ Names: Goldstone, Jack A., author.Title: Revolution and rebellion in the early modern
y world : population change and state breakdown in England, France, Turkey, and China,
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d 1600-1850 / Jack A. Goldstone.Description: 25th anniversary edition. | New York :
e Routledge, 2016. | “First edition published by University of California Press, 1991.”
d | Includes bibliographical references and index.Identifiers: LCCN 2016043900| ISBN
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o 9781138222113 (hardback) | ISBN 9781138222120 (pbk.) | ISBN 9781315408620
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n (ebook)Subjects: LCSH: Revolutions--History. | History, Modern. | State, The--History.
w Classification: LCC D210 .G587 2016 | DDC 303.6/40903--dc23LC record available at
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D https://lccn.loc.gov/2016043900
ISBN: 9781138222113 (hbk)
ISBN: 9781138222120 (pbk)
ISBN: 9781315408620 (ebk)
Typeset in Sabon
by Straight Creek Bookmakers
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: To my teachers—
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at S. N. Eisenstadt, George Homans, Nathan Keyfitz, and Theda Skocpol
] and to the Cambridge Group for the Study of Population and
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g Social Structure and the worldwide network of demographic
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Di scholars they have stimulated and inspired:
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a omnes eruditi, collegae, et amici
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Contents
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e List of Illustrations ix
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n List of Tables xi
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a, Chronologies xvi
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r Preface to the First Edition xxi
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l Introduction to the 25th Anniversary Edition xxxi
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y 1. The Central Problem: How to Explain the
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si Periodic Waves of State Breakdown in the
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ve Early Modern World 1
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U A. States in Crisis 1
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b Comparative History 39
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a 2. State Breakdown in Early Modern Europe: The English
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nl Revolution 63
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o A. Theoretical Controversies, Demographic and
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Economic Trends 64
B. The Developing Crisis of the Tudor/Stuart
Monarchy, 1500–1640 92
C. Comparisons: France and Spain in the
Seventeenth Century 156
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viii Contents
3. State Breakdown in Early Modern Europe:
The French Revolution 170
A. Theoretical Controversies, Demographic and
Economic Trends 170
7 B. The Developing Crisis of French Absolutism,
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0 1700–1789 196
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h C. Comparisons: The Nineteenth Century Wave of
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r European Revolutions 285
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4 4. State Breakdown in Early Modern Asia: The Ottoman Crisis
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7 and the Ming-Qing Transition 349
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1 A. Theoretical Controversies, Demographic and
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t Economic Trends 351
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] B. The Developing Crises in Ottoman Anatolia
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g and Ming China, c. 1500–1650 362
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D C. Comparisons: The Nineteenth Century Crises
n in Qing China, the Ottoman Empire,
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S and Tokugawa Japan 390
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n 5. Ideology, Cultural Frameworks, Revolutionary
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o Struggles, and State Reconstruction 416
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C 6. From Past to Present, and a Look to the Future:
of 25 Years Later 459
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si Appendix 497
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v Bibliography 501
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[ Index 583
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List of Illustrations
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n 1. Early Modern Europe and the Ottoman Empire xii
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a, 2. Early Modern China and Japan xiv
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f FIGURES
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f 1. English Population and Prices, 1500–1800 88
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y 2. Prices and State Financial Distress, 1500–1750 104
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si 3. Political Demography of Early Modern England: Basic
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v Relationships 142
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U 4. Fiscal Distress, Mobility/Competition, and MMP in
y [ England: Z-scores, 1500–1750 143
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d 5. Pressures for Crisis (psi) in England, 1520–1749 144
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d 6. French Population and Prices, 1650–1790 179
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o 7. French Revenues versus Expenses, 1726–1788 201
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w 8. Pressures for Crisis (psi) in France, 1680–1689 to
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D 1780–1789 282
9. Grain Price Movements in France, England, and
Germany, 1819–1851 291
10. Real Wage Movements in France, England, and
Germany, 1817–1847 293
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