Revitalizing Minority Languages: New Speakers of Breton, Yiddish and Lemko PDF
Preview Revitalizing Minority Languages: New Speakers of Breton, Yiddish and Lemko
Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities Series Editor: Gabrielle Hogan-Brun, University of Bristol, UK Worldwide migration and unprecedented economic, political and social integration in Europe present serious challenges to the nature and position of language minorities. Some communities receive protective legislation and active support from states through policies that promote and sustain cultural and linguistic diversity; others succumb to global homogenisation and assimilation. At the same time, discourses on diversity and emancipation have produced greater demands for the management of difference. This series publishes new research based on single or comparative case stud- ies on minority languages worldwide. We focus on their use, status and prospects, and on linguistic pluralism in areas with immigrant or traditional minority communities or with shifting borders. Each volume is written in an accessible style for researchers and students in linguistics, education, anthropology, politics and other disciplines, and for practitioners interested in language minorities and diversity. Titles include: Glyn Williams SUSTAINING LANGUAGE DIVERSITY IN EUROPE Máiréad Nic Craith EUROPE AND THE POLITICS OF LANGUAGE Anne Judge LINGUISTIC POLICIES AND THE SURVIVAL OF REGIONAL LANGUAGES IN FRANCE AND BRITAIN Anne Pauwels, Joanne Winter and Joseph Lo Bianco (editors) MAINTAINING MINORITY LANGUAGES IN TRANSNATIONAL CONTEXTS Australian and European Perspectives Máiréad Nic Craith LANGUAGE, POWER AND IDENTITY POLITICS Yasuko Kanno LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION IN JAPAN Nancy Hornberger (editor) CAN SCHOOLS SAVE INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES? Susanna Pertot, Tom M. S. Priestly and Colin H Williams RIGHTS, PROMOTION AND INTEGRATION ISSUES FOR MINORITY LANGUAGES IN EUROPE Jean-Bernard Adrey DISCOURSE AND STRUGGLE IN MINORITY LANGUAGE POLICY FORMATION Linda Tsung MINORITY LANGUAGES, EDUCATION AND COMMUNITIES IN CHINA Janet Muller LANGUAGE AND CONFLICT IN NORTHERN IRELAND AND CANADA Bernadette O'Rourke GALICIAN AND IRISH IN THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT Miquel Strubell and Emili Boix-Fuster DEMOCRATIC POLICIES FOR LANGUAGE REVITALISATION: THE CASE OF CATALAN Durk Gorter, Heiko F. Marten, Luk Van Mensel and Gabrielle Hogan-Brun MINORITY LANGUAGES IN THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE Vanessa Pupavac (editor) LANGUAGE RIGHTS IN CONFLICT Serbo-Croatian Language Politics Diarmait Mac Giolla Chríost WELSH WRITING, POLITICAL ACTION AND INCARCERATION Peter Sercombe and Ruanni Tupas (editors) LANGUAGE, EDUCATION AND NATION-BUILDING Assimilation and Shift in Southeast Asia Keith Langston and Anita Peti-Stantic´ LANGUAGE PLANNING AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN CROATIA Dovid Katz YIDDISH AND POWER Michael Hornsby REVITALIZING MINORITY LANGUAGES New Speakers of Breton, Yiddish and Lemko Palgrave Studies in Minority Languages and Communities Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–403–93732–2 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Revitalizing Minority Languages New Speakers of Breton, Yiddish and Lemko Michael Hornsby Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland © Michael Hornsby 2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-49879-3 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-57148-2 ISBN 978-1-137-49880-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137498809 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hornsby, Michael, 1965– Revitalizing minority languages : new speakers of Breton, Yiddish and Lemko / Michael Hornsby. pages cm.—(Palgrave studies in minority languages and communities) Summary: “In recent decades the ‘death’ of minority languages has attracted the attention of journalists, scholars and the general public and now features in various discourses about the decline of ecological and cultural diversity due to globalization. Many minority languages are undergoing revitalization (mainly through educational initiatives) and, as a result, some of these languages can demonstrate a slowing down in the rate of decline in the number of speakers. This has led to the appearance, in many instances, of so-called ‘new’ speakers, that is speakers who have acquired a minority language outside the traditional conduits of family and/or community. This book examines the background to this phenomenon and demonstrates how new speakers have appeared among Breton, Yiddish and Lemko speakers, all of whom demonstrate similar struggles and successes in their attempts to use their adopted languages in a meaningful way. “—Provided by publisher. ISBN 978–1–137–49879–3 (hardback) 1. Linguistic minorities. 2. Language revival. 3. Sociolinguistics. I. Title. P40.5.L56H67 2015 305.7—dc23 2015019587 Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. For Rostyslav Kanibolotskyi This page intentionally left blank Yiddish gives me a place at the table that I otherwise might not have had New speaker of Yiddish, November 2014 This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Figures xii Series Editor’s Preface xiii Acknowledgements xiv Introduction 1 1 Minority Languages: A Crisis in Authority 6 1.0 A crisis in authority 6 1.1 Questions of legitimacy 11 1.2 Ownership 14 1.3 Breton 16 1.3.1 ‘New’ speakers of ‘new’ Breton 20 1.3.2 Research participants in Brittany 21 1.4 Yiddish 23 1.5 Lemko 24 1.6 Investigating minoritized language communities 26 1.7 Researcher stance 27 1.8 The challenges of fieldwork 29 1.9 Time constraints and subsequent data 31 2 Legitimate Speakers of Authentic Breton: Who Decides? 34 2.0 Legitimate languages and legitimate speakers 34 2.1 Legitimate language 35 2.2 The legitimate speaker 36 2.2.1 Revitalized Breton 37 2.3 Withholding and denying speaker legitimacy 39 2.3.1 Competing claims on authenticity 45 2.3.2 Constructing legitimacy: the question of accent 47 2.3.3 Language ideologies in the Traité de prononciation 48 2.4 Profile of a new speaker of Breton 54 2.5 Conclusion: notions of legitimacy in Breton 59 ix
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