Revisit Utilizat Archite Consid Challen Revis Utiliz Arch Cons Chall Revisiting Resource Utilization

111 Pages·2015·1.7 MB·English

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Aalto University publication series
DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 209/2014
Revisiting Resource Utilization in The
Internet: Architectural Considerations
and Challenges
Somaya Arianfar
A doctoral dissertation completed for the degree of Doctor of
Science (Technology) to be defended, with the permission of the
Aalto University School of Electrical Engineering, at a public
examination held at the lecture hall S4 of the school on 15 January
2015 at 1 pm.
Aalto University
School of Electrical Engineering
Department of Communications and Networking
Networking Technology
Supervising professor
Prof. Jörg Ott

Thesis advisor
Dr. Pasi Sarolahti

Preliminary examiners
Prof. Christian F. Tschudin, University of Basel, Switzerland
Dr. Volker Hilt, Alcatel Lucent, Germany

Opponent
Dr. Karen Sollins, MIT, USA
Aalto University publication series
DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 209/2014

© Somaya Arianfar

ISBN 978-952-60-6017-0 (printed)
ISBN 978-952-60-6018-7 (pdf)
ISSN-L 1799-4934
ISSN 1799-4934 (printed)
ISSN 1799-4942 (pdf)
http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-6018-7

Unigrafia Oy
Helsinki 2014

Finland

Publication orders (printed book):
[email protected]
Abstract
Aalto University, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto www.aalto.fi
Author
Somaya Arianfar
Name of the doctoral dissertation
Revisiting Resource Utilization in The Internet: Architectural Considerations and Challenges
Publisher School of Electrical Engineering
Unit Department of Communications and Networking
Series Aalto University publication series DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS 209/2014
Field of research Networking Technology
Manuscript submitted 9 December 2013 Date of the defence 15 January 2015
Permission to publish granted (date) 13 November 2014 Language English
Monograph Article dissertation (summary + original articles)
Abstract
The Internet has been a success story for many years. Recently researchers have started to
deal with new questions that challenge the effectiveness of the Internet architecture in
response to the new demands, e.g. overwhelming traffic growth and latency optimizations.
Various proposals ranging from new application level protocols to new network stacks are
emerging to help the Internet to keep up with the demand.
In this dissertation we look at a few different proposals that deal with improving the speed
and resource utilization in the Internet. We first discuss improving the resource utilization in
the current Internet by minor changes such as adjusting various parameters in TCP. We then
discuss a more radical form of resource utilization through combining the network and the
available storage. Combining these two resources, which have traditionally been considered
separate, could provide many new speed improvement opportunities. We discuss relaxing the
barrier between the storage and the network in the context of Information Centric Networking
(ICN), which in itself is an alternative proposals to the current TCP/IP style Internet. With the
help of ICN, we propose different forms of in-network caching below the application layer.
We argue that, although useful, the new models of utilizing network resource could show to
have their own challenges. We namely discuss the resource management and privacy
challenges that are introduced with ICN in general and within our proposed solutions in
particular. The lack of end-host bindings and the existence of network routable data names in
different data chunks make the congestion control, reliability, and privacy in ICN rather
different from TCP/IP. We discuss some of these differences and propose solutions that can
help addressing each issue in our particular form of ICN-based mechanisms.
Keywords Information Centric Networking, ICN, Internet Architecture
ISBN (printed) 978-952-60-6017-0 ISBN (pdf) 978-952-60-6018-7
ISSN-L 1799-4934 ISSN (printed) 1799-4934 ISSN (pdf) 1799-4942
Location of publisher Helsinki Location of printing Helsinki Year 2014
Pages 152 urn http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-6018-7

Preface
This thesis has been a long journey of continuous questioning, learning,
and pushing my limits. I have had the chance to meet and work with
many wonderful people, who influenced the way I think and the way I
work. Itisimpossibletonameeveryone,butIwillforeverbeindebttoall
ofthem.
IamgratefultomysupervisorJörgOttwhohastaughttheimportance
ofpatienceinordertobebothagoodteacherandagoodresearcher. Iwill
neverforgetallthosetimes,whenoverandoveragain,Jörgtriedtoteach
mehowtodoresearchandhowtoexpressmyideasinamoreclearform.
I would also like to thank Pekka Nikander for originally shaping and
motivating my research interests. Pekka showed me the importance of
teamwork,andhoweveryoneinateammatters.
I express my gratitude to Pasi Sarolahti who has been a great advisor
andanevengreatercolleague. Pasihelpedmetobringtolifemanyofmy
ideasbydiscussingthem. Hegavemethetimeandthecouragetobean
explorer.
I am thankful to Prof. Scott Shenker for giving me the opportunity to
workwithhimandhisamazinggroupinBerkeley,California.Scott’slevel
ofenergy,hardwork,andpositiveattitudemademyvisittoBerkeleyone
ofmybestlifeexperiences.
I like to thank my colleagues at Ericsson research and Cisco systems
with whom I got the chance to see the world differently. I would also
like to thank my colleagues in different EU projects specially to my co-
authors in the resulting publications; Petri Jokela, Andras Zahemszky,
ChristianEsteveRothenberg,TeemuKoponen,BarathRaghavan,Nikos
Fotiou,MikkoSärelä,GeorgePolyzos,LarsEggert,andWalterWong.
I extend my gratitude to my pre-examiners Dr. Volker Hilt and Prof.
ChristianTschudinfortheirhelpfulcommentsandMarkStappwhohas
1
Preface
readandcommentedonmythesis.
I will also like to acknowledge Academy of Finland’s Future Internet
Graduate School, EU FP7 projects PSIRP and PURSUIT, Tekes funded
FI-SHOK, Ericsson, and Aalto University who provided funding for my
research.
FinallyIwouldliketoexpressmydeepestgratitudetoalltheamazing
individualsinmylifejustforbeingthere;mymotherwhohastaughtme
tofightandneveracceptfailure; tomylovingbrotherandsister, Bardia
and Roya, for always being there for me, and to my dearest Ahmad for
lettingmebemyself.
Boston,November27,2014,
SomayaArianfar
2
Contents
Preface 1
Contents 3
ListofPublications 5
Author’sContribution 7
1. Introduction 11
1.1 Problemstatement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.2 Contextandmethodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.3 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.4 StructureoftheThesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2. SpeedinthecurrentInternet 17
2.1 SpeedMatters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.1.1 Thetransmissiondelay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.1.2 Physicalproperties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.1.3 Designandimplementationtrends . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2 DelayintheInternet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2.1 Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.2.2 Controlflowdelay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.2.3 Resourceutilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.3 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3. Towardsthefuture: Information-CentricNetworking(ICN) 41
3.1 Information-CentricNetworking(ICN). . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.1.1 Bindings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.1.2 ResourceUsageAbstractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3.2 ICNchallenges: CongestionControl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3
Contents
3.2.1 ResourceProbing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.2.2 CongestionHandling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3.3 ICNChallenges: Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
3.3.1 Revealinginformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.3.2 Communication-relatedinformation . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.3.3 Security-relatedinformation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.3.4 Privacycontrolpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4. Networkresourceutilizationanditschallenges 55
4.1 BandwidthOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.1.1 Informationsharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.1.2 TheICWsetting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.2 In-networkStorageOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.2.1 ObjectGranularity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
4.2.2 Pull-basedtransportprotocols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
4.2.3 Costsandpolicies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.3 Congestioncontrol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
4.3.1 TCP-likecongestioncontrol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
4.3.2 Deadline-basedcongestioncontrol . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4.4 Privacy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.4.1 Privacyattacks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4.4.2 Privacy-preservingnames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
4.4.3 Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
4.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
5. Conclusions 89
Bibliography 93
Publications 107
4
List of Publications
Thisthesisconsistsofanoverviewandofthefollowingpublicationswhich
arereferredtointhetextbytheirRomannumerals.
I Somaya Arianfar, Pasi Sarolahti, Jörg Ott. Marooned Magic Numbers
–AnAdaptiveCongestionControlArchitecture. InIEEEInternational
ConferenceonNetworkProtocols(ICNP),Austin,Texas,pp. 1-11,Octo-
ber2012.
II SomayaArianfar,PekkaNikander,JörgOtt.OnContent-CentricRouter
DesignandImplications. InACMRe-architectingtheInternetWorkshop
(ReArch),Philadelphia,pp. 25-31,December2010.
III SomayaArianfar,PasiSarolahti,JörgOtt. ReducingServerandNet-
workLoadwithSharedBuffering. InACMCapacitySharingWorkshop
(CSWS),Nice,France,pp. 33-38,December2012.
IV Somaya Arianfar, Pasi Sarolahti, Jörg Ott. Deadline-based resource
management for Information-centric Networks. In ACM Information
Centric Networking Workshop (ICN), Hong Kong, pp. 49-54 , August
2013.
V Somaya Arianfar, Teemu Koponen, Barath Raghavan, Scott Shenker.
OnPreservingPrivacyinContent-OrientedNetworks.InACMInforma-
tion Centric Networking Workshop (ICN), Toronto, Canada, pp. 19-24 ,
August2011.
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