Revision of the Pentobesa xylinoides (Walker) species group (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae)

13 Pages·1991·5.7 MB·

by  S J Weller

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
93(4), 1991, pp. 795-807
REVISION OF THE PENTOBESA XYLINOIDES (WALKER)
SPECIES GROUP (LEPIDOPTERA: NOTODONTIDAE)
Weller*
S. J.
NHB
DepartmentofEntomology 127, SmithsonianInstitution,Washington, D.C. 20560.
Abstract.—ThQ neotropical notodontid genus Pentobesa Schaus is defined, and Betola
Schaus is placed as its junior subjective synonym. Dasylophia seriata (Druce) is also
transferred to Pentobesa. The type species P. xylinoides (Walker) is figured and four new
species formerly confused with it are described: P. anapiesma, P. ankistron, P. sinistra,
andP. smithsoni. Akeyand illustrationsofmaleand femalegenitaliaandotherdiagnostic
sclerites are included.
Key Words: Lepidoptera, Notodontidae, neotropics
The genus Pentobesa Schaus (Lepidop- The genus Pentobesa Schaus represents
tera: Noctuoidea: Notodontidae) is com- part of a phylogenetic puzzle in the neo-
prised of medium-sized moths and as tropicalNotodontidae. Previousworkplac-
defined below, contains 21 species. Repre- es Pentobesa and related genera in the Das-
sentatives of this genus occur from the ylophia clade and associates this clade with
southwestern United States {P. seriata the Nystaleini {sensu stricto) (Weller 1989).
(Druce),newcombination)tosouthernPeru However, due to conflicting placement in
and Bolivia {P. poecila (Felder), new com- alternative cladograms, it is not clear ifthe
bination). Several specieso^Pentobesawere Dasylophia clade should be included in the
formerly placed in the genus Dasylophia Nystaleini or if it deserves separate tribal
Packardbecause oftheirsimilarcoloration. status (Weller 1989, Miller 1990). Neither
Speciesofbothgeneraresemblebrokentwigs Pentobesa nor Dasylophia have ever been
at rest, and some live animals even have a the subject ofrevisionary work. To resolve
delicate tracing of green and pink on the the phylogenetic position ofthese genera, a
wings as if covered with lichen. The only species-level treatment is required for each
larval host plant known for Pentobesa is genus to establish character distributions.
Inga vera Willd. (Leguminosae) (Janzen
Thispaperbeginsthetaxonomic revision
pers. comm.). Severalneotropical species of
oftheDasylophiacladethatisaprerequisite
Dasylophiaalsofeedonwoodylegumessuch
as Erythrina, Gliricidia, Rhynchosia and for phylogenetic work. Herein, I redefine
Pentobesa and place Betola as ajunior sub-
Centrosema (unpubl. data; Weller 1989). It
jective synonym. The type species P. xyli-
is possible that a general pattern of larval
association with Leguminosae exists for noides (Walker) (Fig. lA, B) is part of a
these species. species complex, and four new species, P.
anapiesma, P. ankistron, P. sinistra, and P.
A
smithsoni, are described. key, illustra-
*Present address: Dept. ofEntomology, Louisiana tionsofadult habitus, maleand femalegen-
State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803. italia and other diagnostic sclerites are pro-
1
796 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
vided to identify members of the P. Betola Schaus, 1901: 289. (Type species:
xylinoides complex. Betola aroata Schaus, 1901: 290, by orig-
NEW SYNONYMY.
Materials and Methods inal designation.)
Dasylophia ofauthors [not Packard, 1864].
Preparation and treatment of speci-
mens.—Standarddissectingtechniqueswere Diagnosis.—Male genitalia have a mid-
valve sclerotized plate present and expand-
used. Modificationsspecificfornotodontids
are discussed in detail elsewhere (Weller ed (Fig. 2, Mp). This character state does
1989). Genitalia were stained with chloro- not occur in any other member ofthe Das-
zol black (Kodak or ICN dissolved in 20% ylophia clade (Weller 1989). The costa ter-
ethanol), orchlorozolblackfollowedbysaf- minates in an enlarged, rectangular shape,
ranin dissolved in 95% ethanol. Most prep- oftenwithasmall, membranous, distal pro-
arationswere mounted in balsam, buta few trusion.
British Museum specimens were mounted Description.—Medium-sized moths (male
wingspan 35-50 mm; female 38-60 mm);
in euparol.
Museums and collections consulted.— forewing pattern varying among species
This work is based primarily on material groups (Fig. 1; also Draudt 1932: plate 146
from the National Museum ofNatural His- row b-e, plate 148 row f) including: 1, dead
tory(NM),butthefollowingcollectionswere wood pattern, brick red or pale brown {P.
also consulted during this study: AM, xylinoidesspeciesgroup; Fig. 1A, B); 2, light
American Museum ofNatural History, New browngroundcolorwith contrastingdarker
York; BM, Natural History Museum (for- brownon outer, posteriormargin,whitetri-
merly British Museum, Natural History), angular markings orwhite dashes on adter-
London; CAS, California Academy ofSci- minal line {P. lignicolor complex; Fig. IC,
ences, San Francisco; CM, Carnegie Mu- D); 3, darkgrey orbrownground colorwith
seum ofNatural History, Pittsburgh; CNC, diagonal, pale streak {P. aroata-P. poecila
Canadian National Collection, Ottawa; complex; Fig. 1E); 4, grey with black dot in
CUIC, Cornell University, Ithaca; NJ, N. discal cell {P. valta Schaus; Fig. IF; and 5,
Jacobsen, private collection, Cornell Uni- species within P. basitincta complex poly-
versity; DJ, D. Janzen, private collection. morphic including: a, light brown ground
University of Pennsylvania; LACM, Los colorwith horizontal dash across discal cell
AngelesCountyMuseum,California; MCZ, andshorterdashestoapex(Fig. 1G);b, dark
MuseumofComparativeZoology, Harvard grey ground color demarcated by rounded
University, Massachusetts; SJW, S. J. Wel- antemedial and subterminal lines, midpart
ler, private collection, Louisiana State Uni- lighter tan or concolorous, with or without
versity;andVOB, V. O. Becker,privatecol- basaldash(Fig. 1H);andc,darkgreyground
lection, Brazil. Only locahty label data and colorfromwingbasetoantemediallinewith
genitalic slide numbers are reported below. unpatterned, pale tan remainder. Body
Collectors' namesandextrainstitutional la- ground color various shades of brown; te-
gulaeoftencontrastinggreyordarkerbrown
bels are omitted to conserve space.
Terminology.—My terminology for gen- in males, and often concolorous in females.
Abdominal coloration ranging from dark
italic structures follows Forbes (1948), Si-
brown to tan dorsally, cream orbuffy-white
batani et al. (1954), Sibatani (1972), Klots
(1970) and Weller (1989, 1990). ventrally; ventrum often with longitudinal,
single or multiple, dark brown, brick red,
Pentobesa Schaus, 190 or grey ventral stripe(s); male with two lat-
PentobesaSchaus, 1901: 269. (Typespecies: eral groups of long, spatulate setae from
EdemaxylinoidesWalker, 1866: 1931,by eighthstemiteandtergite; femaleoftenwith
original designation.) cream-colored scent scales on seventh ster-
VOLUME 93, NUMBER 4 797
y
^-
M
^
'^^,
Fig. 2. Male genitalia of P. xylinoides (slide no.
43,144 NM). C = costa, CI = costula, J = juxla, Ma
= muscle attachment, Mp = midplate, S = sacculus,
So = socius, U = uncus,C= callosum. Scale = 1 mm.
<u^
connate, Ml from areole base. Hindwing
with Sc curved towards cell; Rs and Ml
Fig. 1. AdulthabitusofP. xylinoidesspeciescom- short or long stalked; M3 and CuAl either
plex.A. MaleP. xylinoides. B. femaleP. xylinoides. C. connate, approximate, or stalked. Abdo-
male P. lignicolor. D. female P. lignicolor. E. male P. men:Secondabdominalstemitewithsome-
aroata. F. maleP. valta. G. maleP. basitincta, forma.
H. female P. basitincta, form b. Scale = 2 cm. timestranslucentantecostalarea; malelack-
ing cteniophore and other abdominal
androconial structures; male eighth stemite
nite. Head:Antennal tuftspresent, malean- with antecostal area and caudal shape spe-
tennae pectinnate, ciliate or fasciculate, fe- cies-specific, caudaledge usually foldedwith
male antennae pectinnate or simple with
scatteredsetae.Ocellipresent. Probosciswell
developed, pilifer setose. Third segment of
labial palp eithermuch shorterthan second
segment or approximately two-thirds its
length. Thorax: Male prothoracic legs with
androconia (= scent-pocket, Weller 1989,
1990) usually absent; epiphysis either long
(nearly length oftibia) with short, scattered
spines or epiphysis short (approximately
one-thirdtibia) with robust comb ofspines;
tibialspursoftenwithpectinateedges. Wings
(Fig. 3): Forewing with R3 and R4 long
stalked, remainingvenationvariableeither:
1, R2 from areole apex connate with R3/
R4 stalk, R5 near areole apex, Ml from
discal cell; 2, R2 connate with R3/R4 stalk,
asRts5alpksr.teavMlilkoeudfsraetoxmocrempibtdepMlooliwnfmtrioodfmpoabriaensotleeo;off3R,ar3se/oalRme4e; SMc1F=i-gM.su33b.c=osWtmaie,dnigRa1lv-eRvne5aitn=isorn1adotifoalP3..vexCiyunllisan,o1itCdoeus5l.,baC===caucrboeisottlaae,l,
or 4, R2 basally stalked with R3/R4, R5 veins, A = anal vein.
798 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
rectangular crest, distal membranous patch
with slender setae and cephalic process;
midplateusuallybroadlyexpanded(narrow
in P. aroata); saccular scent organ (Weller
1989, 1990) developed or reduced, either
membranous pleated, membranous not
pleated, or melanized not pleated. Uncus:
Shape species-specific, socii slightly to
greatly bent; uncus either broadly fused to
tegumen or slender with apodemes fusing
to tegular apodemes. Anellar region: Cos-
tulae present or absent; anellar ridges pres-
ent with or without anellar ridge processes;
juxta fused to saccular base and often to
anellar ridge, juxta concave (except P. ba-
sitincta) and its shape species-specific. Ae-
deagus: Callosum present (Weller 1990);
distiphallus often with lateral or distal pro-
cesses; vesica either unomamented, with
deciduous comuti, with spines, with scler-
otized patch or with some combination of
above.
Female genitalia (Fig. A).—Papillae an-
ales:Membranouswithlongandshortsetae
interspersed; posterior apophyses usually
longwithnarrowbase. Eighth tergite:Shape
species-specific. Eighth stemite: Shape spe-
cies-specific, oftenwithlateralprocesses; la-
mellae antevaginalis usually folded and
sclerotized (membranous in P. seriata); si-
nus vaginalis sometimes present; location
ofostiumbursaeusuallymidventralbutleft-
hand bias in P. apostatica Schaus; dorsal in
Fig. 4. Female genitalia ofP. xylinoides (slide no.
43,330 NM). ap = anterior apophyses, cb = corpus P. poecila. Ductus bursae: Membranous or
bursae,db=ductusbursae,ds=ductusseminalis,lav sclerotized, tubular or dorso-ventrally flat-
=lamellaeantevaginalis, o = ostium bursae, pa = pa- tened, narrow or broadly expanding into
pillae anales, pp = posterior apophyses, s = signa, 8t corpus bursae. Corpus bursae: Membra-
= eighth tergite, 8s = eighth stemite. Scale = 1 mm. nous, with orwithoutantechamber, with or
withoutsclerotizedarea,witheitheronesig-
num (P. seriata), fused pair (P. xylinoides
parallel, usually sinuate ridges extending complex, P. aroata complex, P. valta) or
fromcaudal edgetowardsantecosta; female absent {P. basitincta, P. poecila); additional
seventhstemiteoftenwith invaginatedpos- sclerotized projections occur in some spe-
terior edge and cream-colored scent scales ciesgroups. Ductusseminalis: Arising from
on margin. near ostial opening or from corpus bursae
Male genitalia (Fig. 2).—Valve: Distal near ductus bursae.
portion of costa enlarged into square, tri- Biology.—Pentobesa xylinoides has been
angular or rounded structure, usually with reared on Inga vera Willd. (Janzen pers.
VOLUME 93, NUMBER 4 799
comm.). No immature stages or other bio- panding distally into a hood-like structure,
logical data are available. anditsventral surface iscoveredwith setae.
Discussion.—I regard Betola Schaus as a The socii are sclerotized andbent in achar-
juniorsynonym ofPentobesa. Thetype spe- acteristic posture (Fig. 2).
—
ciesB. aroataSchaussharesthederivedfea- Description. Co/ora?zc»«.- All except P.
ture, expanded midplate on the male valve anapiesma (new species), sexually dimor-
(Fig. 2, Mp), with P. xylinoides and lacks phic. Maleswithredorbrownantennaltufts;
additional charactersthatwould support its thorax dorsum brick red or brown; tegulae
maintenance as a separate genus. pale reddish brown, greenish-grey, grey or
The North American species Dasylophia buff; venter of thorax and abdomen buff-
seriata (Druce 1887) is transferred to Pen- colored with brick red or dark brown stripe
tobesa because males also possess the ex- on abdomen; male eighth tergite and ster-
panded midplate feature. The remaining nite with brick red or dark brown spatulate
species in Dasylophia, typified by the U.S. scales; forewing ground color ranging from
species D. anguina (Smith) and D. thyati- dark reddish brown to pale tan or buff. Fe-
roides(Walker),lacktheexpandedmidplate males usually with buff or cream ground
sclerotization, although a narrow strip of colorforantennal tufts, tegulae, wings, tho-
sclerotization similar to that found in Nys- raxandabdomen. Head:Maleantennaecil-
talea aequipars (Guenee) may occur. Also, iate; female antennae with scattered setae.
Dasylophia species usually possess a nar- Thorax:Maleprothoracictibial scentpock-
rowercostaand lack costulae (anellarhorns et absent. Abdomen: Second stemite not
occurin D. thyatiroides) when compared to translucent: male eighth stemite species-
Pentobesa species. Finally, females of D. specific.
seriata possess a membranous lamellae an- Male (Figs. 2, S).— Valve: Saccular scent
tevaginalis that is homologous with the organ reduced, saccular base conical with
sclerotized one in Pentobesa species. The muscleinsertion onridge; midplatebroadly
lamellae antevaginalis hinges to the eighth sclerotized and flat with setae on margin
stemite and the ostium bursae arises from near costa; costa expanded dorsally with
hinged area (Figs. 4, 9). This configuration membranous terminus. Uncus: Internal
appears to be unique to this genus in the apodemesfusedtotegumen, constrictedbe-
Dasylophiaclade, butthedistributionofthis foreexpandingdistallyintohood-likestmc-
feature requires further study. ture; ventral surface covered with setae; so-
Four,previouslyundescribedspecieshave cii sclerotized and bent in characteristic
been confused under the name P. xyli- posture. Anellar region: Anal tube melan-
noides. No one suspected the existence of ized; costulae either long or short, evenly
these species due to the uniform external tapering or constricted; juxta small, bowl-
coloration ofthe adults and lack of study. shaped. Aedeagus: Distiphallus ornamen-
The P. xylinoides species group is revised tation species-specific.
below. Female (Figs. 4, 9, 10).—Papillae anales:
Membranous,withmoderatelylong,curved
Pentobesa xylinoides species group setae, posterior apophysis usually long and
Diagnosis.—The forewing ground color- thin. Eighth tergite:Small orlarge mid-dor-
ationisbrickredorpalebrownwithawhite sal prominence with longitudinal groove
triangular patch extending from the edge of present; anteriorapophyses variable length.
the discal cell to the adterminal line and Eighth stemite: Divided mid-ventrally by
with a contrasting darker triangular patch membranousgroove;withtwolargeorsmall
adjacent on its ventral border (Fig. lA, B). lateralprocesses; shapeofcaudalmarginand
The male uncus is constricted before ex- lamellae antevaginalis species-specific.
800 PROCEEDINGSOFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
^/n>^
Fig. 5. Female eighth tergites and stemiles ofP.
xylinoidescomplex. A. P. xylinoidessternite. B. P. xy-
linoidestergite.C.P. anapiesmasternite. D.P.sinistra
sternite. E. P. sinistra tergite. F. P. smithsonisternite.
G. P. ankistron sternite. H. P. ankistron tergite. I. P.
smithsonitergite.
Ductusbursae:Sinus vaginalis maybe pres-
ent; ductus bursae sclerotized or membra-
nous. Ductusseminalis: Arising from either
ductus bursae near ostium or from ante-
chamber of corpus bursae. Corpus bursae:
membranous;antechamberusuallypresent;
one or two pairs ofsignae.
Discussion.—The five species in this
complex can usually be separated without Fig. 7. Maleaedeagi.A.P.sinistra. B.P..xylinoides
with variation in apex shown. C. P. ankistron. D. P.
smithsoni. c = callosum. Scale = 1 mm.
dissectionbyremovingscalesfrom the pos-
terior edge ofthe terminal sclerites ofboth
males and females. Locality and wing col-
oration can also be used to separate some
species.
Key to P. xylinoides Species Group
(Figs. 2, 4-10)
1. Caudal edge of female eighth sternite flat,
smooth, lacking lateral projections (Fig. 5C);
male unknown; speciesapparently monomor-
phic, female coloration same as male P. xyli-
noides(Fig. lA); range: southern Brazil
P. anapiesma
- Caudal edge of female eighth sternite either
smoothorserrate,withlateralprojections;male
eighth sternite with slightly asymmetrical,
deeplyinvaginatededgeorwithcrenulateedge;
Fig. 6. Male eighth stemitesofF. xylinoidescom- sexuallydimorphic,maleswithdarker,narrow
plex.A. P.xylinoidesorP. ankistron. B. P. sinistra. C. forewings(Fig. 1A),femalespalerwithbroader
P. smithsoni. r = internal ridge. forewings(Fig. IB) 2
VOLUME 93, NUMBER 4 801
B ""
.^f
5
802 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
—
Description. Coloration: Forewings be separated from P. sinistra and P. smith-
pale. Female eighth sternite cleft with soniby examiningdenuded eighth stemites
obliquerisetolateraledges(Fig. 5A). Wings: (compare Fig. 6A, B & C). In South Amer-
Average male wingspan 42 mm, range 37- ica, the hind wings ofP. xylinoides tend to
48 mm (N = 30); average female wingspan be darker than those of P. ankistron. But
54 mm, range 47-60 mm (N = 15). dissectionsareneeded in mostcasesto sep-
Male(Figs. 2, 7B, 8A).— Valve:Asin spe- arate these two species. The aedeagus ofP.
cies-group description. Uncus: Hood edges ankistronhasalargeright-handprocess(Fig.
crenulate; ventral surface covered with se- 7C), whereas P. xylinoides lacks one (Fig.
tae, slightly concave with mid-ventral, ver- 7B).
tical ridge; socii broader, symmetrical. Geographic range.—Mexico-Panama,
Anellar region: Costulae long, evenly wide, Venezuela, Ecuador.
—
extendingasthickanellarridgesabovejuxta Altitudinal range. 50 m-1350 m.
with setae from outer edge, near midplate. Holotype.—Male. Edema xylinoides
Aedeagus: Distiphallus pointed with small Walker. Santa Martha [Colombia]. Natural
lateral tooth near base ofvesica but lacking History Museum, London.
—
large process (Fig. 7B). Othertypes. Female. Symmeristapinna
Female (Figs. 4, 9k).—Papillae anales: Druce. Panama, Volcan de Chiriqui. Nat-
Posterior apophysis long and thin (approx- ural History Museum, London.
imately 35 mm). Eighth tergite:Large, mid- Specimens examined (genitalic prepara-
dorsalprominencewithlongitudinalgroove; tions: 12 males, 6 females).-MEXICO
anterior apophyses short. Eighth sternite: Orizaba, 12°07' (1 m, slide 43,322 NM)
Two,largelateralprocessespresent;divided Misantla Veracruz, VI 1911 (1 m, AM)
mid-ventrallybymembranousgroove; cau- Misantla, 1914 (1 f, slide 1527 BM); Jalapa
dal marginasymmetricallyserrate; lamellae (1 m,NM); SanLuisPotosi,Tamazunchale,
antevaginalis folded, W-shaped, heavily V-22-1977(1 f,AM).GUATEMALA:Dept.
sclerotized. Ductus bursae: Sinus vaginalis Suchitepequez, Cuyotenango, 10-20 June
sclerotized,antechambermembranouswith 1966 (2 m, NM; 1 f, slide 44,209 NM); Ca-
ductusseminalisarisingfrom left side. Cor- yuga, IV (2 m, NM), V (1 m, slide 44,210
pus bursae: Membranous; signae cephalad NM), June (2 m, 1 f, NM), Jan. (1 m, CM).
as paired rounded spinose projections. HONDURAS: Lancetilla, Tela, 28-1V-3
Discussion.—IhaveconfirmedtheSchaus (1 f, slideSJW541 MCZ), V-1-35 (1 m, slide
(1901) synonymy ofP. pinna with P. xyli- SJW539 MCZ); Cortes, Lagovojoa, 18 km
noides. Mr. D. Goodger (BM) kindly dis- NEelMochito, 20/21 Aug. 74(1 m, LACM);
sected the Walker male type and Druce fe- Chambolin 1789(1 m,NM).COSTARICA:
male type and compared them to drawings Golfito, 27 March 1957 (1 m, LACM); Six-
I provided. Both Walker and Druce based ola Riv. March (1 m, CM); Sitio (1 f, NM);
their descriptions on single specimens. Guapiles, May (1 m, NM), Nov. (1 m, 1 f,
The range ofP. xylinoides overlaps with NM); Tuis, July (1 m, NM); Juan Vinas,
all otherspecies in the complex. Females of Jan. (1 f, CM), May (1 f, slide 43,330 NM);
P. xylinoidescanbe separated from females San Jose, Estacion Carillo Pk, Nac. Braulio
m
ofall other species without dissection. Ex- Carrillo, 700 Jan. 1985 (1 m, DJ), April
amination ofthe denuded seventh sternite 1985 (1 m, DJ), June 1985 (1 m, DJ), July
reveals the ovipositer and surrounding 1984 (3 m, 1 f, DJ), Aug. 1984 (1 m, DJ),
eighth sternite and tergite whose shapes are Sept. 1984 (1 m, 1 f, DJ), Oct. 1984 (2 m,
species-specific (Fig. 5A, B). DJ), Dec. 1984 (1 m, 1 f, DJ); Guanacaste
Males ofP. xylinoides only occasionally Prov. 4 km E Casettilla, Rincon Nat. Pk.
requiredissectiontobeidentified. Theycan 18Oct. 1982(2m,DJ);HerediaProv. Finca
VOLUME 93, NUMBER 4 803
delaSelva(OTS)PuertoViejodeSarapiqui, broader distally. Anellar region: Costulae
50 m, 14-15 Nov. 1982 (2 m, DJ); Cartago veryreduced; anellarridgelessrobust, ridge
Prov. MoraviadeChirripo, 1000 m, 10May setal patch reduced compared to P. xyli-
1983 (4 m, DJ); Alajuela Prov. El Angel noides; juxta rectangular, fused to saccular
waterfall, 1350 m, 8.2 km downhill Vera base.Aedeagus:Distiphalluswithleft-hand,
Blanca, 22 April 1984 (1 f, DJ); Banana curvedprocessandright-hand, lateraltooth
River, March 1906 (1 f, NM); Sirena Cor- (Fig. 7A).
covadoNat. Pk. Osa Penin, 23 March 1984 Female(Figs. 5D, 5E, 9^).-Seventhster-
(1 m, DJ). PANAMA: Barro Colorado Is- nite: Cleft with oblique rise to lateral edges.
land, C.Z. 23-X-1941 (1 m, NM), 16-10- Eighth tergite: With small, mid-dorsal
1941 (1 m, NM), 10 Oct. (1 m, NM), 9-26- prominence that is grooved dorsally; ce-
1941 (1 m, NM), 3-VII-1941 (1 m, slide phalic edge strongly M-shaped; anterior
44,213 NM). VENEZUELA: Las Quigas, apophyses longer than in P. xylinoides.
July(1 m, slide SJW726 CM), Nov.-March Eighth stemite: Mid-ventral area membra-
(1 f, slide SJW727 CM), May (1 m, CM), nous; caudal edge serrate, asymmetrical; la-
June (2 m, CM), Aug. (3 m, CM), July (1 mellae antevaginalis not folded, instead flat
m, CM), Nov.-March 10 (CM: 5 m, 1 f, with ostium bursaeexposed. Ductusbursae:
slideSJW823; 5 m, slidesSJW816, SJW817, Membranous with narrow melanized strip
SJW820, SJW82 &SJW822); SanEsteban ventrally; ductus seminalis from intersec-
1,
Valley (1 m, CM); Aroa (1 f, 1 m, NM); tion of corpus bursae and ductus bursae.
Valera (1 m, NM). ECUADOR: Carchi, Corpus bursae: Rounded with two types of
Chical, 1250 m, 0°56'N, 78°11'W, 17 July signae: cephalically, a pair spinose and
1983 (1 m, slideSJW645 CM), 30July 1983 roundedlikeP. xylinoides, caudallyasingle,
(1 m, CM); Pichincha, Tinalandia, 12 km tooth-like process near opening of ductus
SE Sto. Domingo, 79°04'W, 0°17'S (1 m, bursae.
slide SJW831 SJW). Discussion.—The range of P. sinistra
Pentobesa sinistra New Species overlaps extensively with P. xylinoides. It
co-occurs to a lesser degree with P. ankis-
Diagnosis.—The male eighth stemite is tron in South America and P. smithsoni in
deeply U-shaped (Fig. 6B). The caudal edge the Dominican Republic. Specimens ofP.
ofthe female eighth stemite is asymmetri- sinistra can be correctly identified by ex-
cally serrate (Fig. 5D) and possesses two amining the descaled terminal stemites of
lateralprocessesthatareonlyslightlylonger either sex.
than the serrations. The female eighth ter- Etymology.—The name "sinistra" is a
gitehasasmall mid-dorsal prominence(Fig. Latin adjective and refers to the left-hand
5E). In general, both males and females are process emanating from the male disti-
darkerthan previous species, but pale spec- phallus.
imens occur. Geographic range.—Mexico-Panama,
Description.—Co/c>ra//o«.' Males dark Caribbean, Venezuela, FrenchGuiana, Bra-
reddishbrown,femalespalerthanmalesbut zil.
darker than P. xylinoides females. Wings: Altitudinal range.-380-700 m.
Average male wingspan 41 mm, range 38- Holotype.—Male. Tuis, Costa Rica; July;
46 mm (N = 54); average female wingspan Schaus and Barnes, coll. National Museum
49 mm, range 44-55 mm (N = 23). ofNatural History.
—
Male(Figs. 7A, 8B).—Valve:Saccularbase Paratypes. 95 (genitalic preparations: 12
more square than P. xylinoides, midplate males, 8 females).—MEXICO: Yaxoquin-
flat, expanded with setal patch broader, se- tela, Chiapas, 16°58'N, 91°47'W, 560 m, 24
tae less robust than in P. xylinoides; costa Aug. 1978 (1 m, CM); Puerto Elegio Muni-
804 PROCEEDINGS OFTHE ENTOMOLOGICALSOCIETY OFWASHINGTON
cipio, Comaltepec, Oaxaca, 2296 ft [753 m] La VegaProv. Hotel Montanaca 520 m, 10
IX-28-1961 (1 m, AM); Vera Cruz, Cor- kmNEJarabacoa, 28 May 1973 (1 m, NM).
doba, 23-30 Aug. 1965 (1 m, NM). GUA- British West Indies: Antrim 1000 ft [328
TEMALA: Dept. Suchitepequez, Pte. Ixta- m], 12 March 1956(3 m, 1 f,NM), 13 March
capa, 18-19 June 1966 (1 m, NM); label nr 1956(2m,NM), 13 March 1956(1 m,NM).
Matias de Galvez, 26-27 June 1966 (1 m FRENCH GUIANA: Pied Saut, Oyapok
NM);Cayuga, March(1 m,NM), May(NM River,March 1918 (2m, slideSJW409CM),
1 m, 3 f, slide 44,211), Dec. (1 m, NM) Feb. 1918 (4 m, CM); St-Laurent du Ma-
Quirigua, May (1 f, CM). EL SALVADOR roni, 4 April (1 m, NM). BRAZIL: Huyu-
Santa Tecla, 900 m, 26-27 Feb. 68 (1 m, tanahan, Rio Purus, March 1922 (1 f, slide
NM). HONDURAS: Cortes lago Yojoa, 18 SJW732 CM); Prob. Sao Paulo (1 m, CM);
km NE El Mochito, 20-21 Aug. 74 (1 m, St. Catherines (NM: 4 m, slide 44,355);
LACM); Lancetilla, Tela, 27 Feb. 1935 (1 HansaHumboldt, St. Catherines(2m, NM).
m, slide SJW540 MCZ); Rio Grande, July
1935 (1 m, slide 1531 BM). COSTA RICA: Pentobesa ankistron New Species
San Jose, Estacion Carrillo Pk, Nac Braulio Diagnosis.—The male aedeagus possesses
Carrillo, 700 m, July 1984 (4 m, DJ; 1 m, a large curved, right-hand process and bi-
slide 43,331 NM), Aug. 1984 (3 m, DJ), furcatedistalprocessonthedistiphallus(Fig.
Sept. 1984 (3 m, DJ); Guapiles, Dec. (1 m, 7C). Thefemaleeighth stemitehastwo very
CM), July, 850 ft [280 m] (1 m, NM); Tuis, long, narrowlateral processesanditscaudal
July (2 m, NM); Juan Vinas, June (1 m, edge issmooth (Fig. 5G). Thefemale eighth
CM), May (1 f, slide 44,212WNM); Puntare- tergalprocessisnarrow, curved, andending
nas, Osa Peninsula, 1.8 mi ofRincon, 27 distally in an indented ridge (Fig. 5H).
Feb. 1971 (2 m, LACM). PANAMA: Barro Description.—Co/ora?/o«." Males dark
Colorado Island, CZ 5 Feb. 1935 (1 f, slide reddish brown, females as in Fig. IB, but
SJW542 MCZ), 18-28 April 64 (2 m, NM); over-all coloration darker than females of
10-17 May 64 (1 m, NM), 8-12 June 1967 P. xylinoides. Wings: Average male wing-
(2 m, LACM), 2 July 1941 (1 m, NM), 3 span 46 mm, range 40-50 mm (N = 16),
July 1941 (1 m, NM), 11 July 1941 (1 m, female 56 mm, range 54-60 mm (N = 9).
1 fNM), 23 July 1941 (1 f, NM); Rio Trin- Male (Figs. 7C, ?>C).-Eighth sternite:
NW
idad,June(1 f, NM). ST. LUCIA: 1 mi Caudal edge sinuate. Valve: Similar to P.
Soufriere, 18-28 Nov. 1975 (2 m, slide xylinoides except larger; caudal process of
44,214 NM); 1.5 mi S Mt. Gimie, 19-24 costa more narrow and pointed than in P.
Nov. 1975 (1 m, 1 f). DOMINICA: S. Chil- xylinoides. Uncus: Similar to P. xylinoides
tem, 6 Feb. 1964 (1 m, NM), 14 May 1964 exceptventral surfacecompletelyanddeep-
(1 m, NM), Clarke Hall, 3 May 1964 (2 m, ly concave; and socii more narrow and
NM), 8 Oct. 1966 (1 m, NM), 26-30 Nov. slightly asymmetrical. Anellar region: Cos-
1964 (1 m, NM), 18 Feb. 1965 (1 m, NM); tulaeconstricteddistally,withrounded,dis-
21 Jan. 1965 (1 m, NM), 22 Jan. 1965 (2 crete ends compared to P. xylinoideswhose
m, NM); 5 Feb. 1965 (1 m, NM), 9 Feb. costulae gently taper distally. Aedeagus:
1965 (1 m, 1 f, NM); Grand Bay 13 March Distiphallus with curved right-hand pro-
1964 (1 m, NM); Chiltem East 3 March cess, and bifurcate distal extension on left.
1965 (2 m, NM), Pont Casse, 3 April 1965 Female (Figs. 5G, 5H, 9C).-Seventh
(1 m, NM); Pont Casse 2 mi NW, 5 May sternite: Cleft with oblique rise to lateral
1965 (1 m, NM), 23 May 1965 (1 m, NM); edges. Eighth tergite: Midventral process
18 April 1965 (1 m, NM), 20 April 1965 (1 large, curved and narrow, endingdistally in
m, NM), 21 April 1965 (1 m, 1 f, NM); toothed ridge; anteriorapophyses shortand
Syndicate Est. 5 March 1964 (1 m, NM); strongly curved; cephalic edge weakly