Revision of the Eurybrachidae (X). The oriental genus Chalia Walker, 1858 (Hemiptera: Fulogoromorpha)

2007·6.6 MB·

by  Constant, J

BULLETCN DE L'lNSTJTUT ROYAL DES SCIENCES NATURELLES DE BELGIQUE
ENTOMOLOGrE, 77: 71-86, 2007
BULLETCN VAN HET KONlNKLIJK BELGISCH CNST!TUUT VOOR NATUURWETENSCHAPPEN ENTOMOLOGIE, 77: 71-86, 2007
Revision of the Eurybrachidae (X). The Oriental genus Chalia 1858
W ALKER,
(Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)
by Jerome CONSTANT
Abstract
accompagnent la description des especes. Une cle de determination
des especes est egalement proposee. Des lectotypes soot designes
The Oriental genus of Eurybrachidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpba) pour Chalia aphaenoides, Lystra pulchra, Ewybrachys isabella,
Chalia WALKER, 1858 is redescribed and reviewed and Frntis STAL, Frutis sinensis, Fn1tis pulchra var. immacu/ata, F. modesta,
1862 is proposed as a synonym of Chalia. The following new F emarginala, F. amplipennis et F sanguineovittata.
combinations are proposed: Chalia pulchra (GRAY, 1832) n. comb.
for Frulis pulchra (ORA Y, 1832), Cha Iia amplipennis (STAL, 1870) n. Key words: Oriental region, Eurybracbidae, revision, identification
comb. for Frutis amplipennis STAL, 1870, Chalia sanguineovittata key, Chalia, Frutis.
(STAL, 1870) n. comb. for Frutis sanguineovillata STAL, 1870 and
Chalia modes/a (SCHMIDT, 1913) n. comb. for Frutis modes/a
SCHMIDT, 1913. One new species is described from the Philippines,
Introduction
Chalia luzonica n. sp.; the following 4 taxa, Cha/ia aphaenoides
WALKER, 1858, Ewybrachys isabella WALKER, 1870, Frutis sinensis
DISTANT, 1890, and Frutis emarginata JACOBI, 1944, are proposed This paper is the tenth one of a series intended to revise
as synonyms of ChaI ia pulchra (GRAY, 1832) and Frutis pulchra the family Eurybrachidae. It is the third one dealing with
var. immaculata SCHMIDT, 19 I 3 is proposed as a synonym of Chalia the Oriental fauna (CONSTANT, 2006d, 2007), the others
modes/a (SCHMIDT, 1913), leaving 5 valid species. Male and female
dealing with the Australian (CONSTANT, 2005c, 2006a,
genitalia are illustrated and photos of babitus, a distribution map
and biological data are provided with the descriptions of the species. b, c) and Afrotropical faunas (CONSTANT, 2004, 2005a,
An identification key to the species is also proposed. Lectotypes are b) . The study starts with the necessary preliminary one
designated for Chalia aphaenoides, Lystra pulchra, Ewybrachys by-one revision and redefinition of the genera and is
isabe/la, Frulis sinensis, F pulchra var. immaculata, F. modes/a, aimed to propose a more natural classification in the
F emargi11ata, F amplipennis and P. sanguineovittata.
family. This will also allow tentative understanding
of the phylogeny and zoogeography of the family. The
genus Chalia WALKER, 1858 treated here is one of the
Resume
larger genera from the Oriental region and the only
Oriental genus in which infra-ocular spines are absent.
Le genre oriental d'Eurybracbidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha)
Specimens of the genus are always scarce in collections
Chalia WALKER, 1858 est redecrit et revise et Frutis STAL, 1862 est
propose comme synonyme de Chalia. Les nouvelles combinaisons and males are particularly poorly represented. The
sui vantes sont proposees: Chalia pu/chra (GRAY, 1832) a. comb. pour large size, bright colour and conspicuousness of the
Frutis pulchra (GRAY, 1832), Cha/ia amplipennis (STAL, 1870) n.
type species Chalia pulchra (GRAY, 1832), combined
comb. pour Frutis amplipennis STAL, 1870, Clwlia sanguineovittata
with the lack of study of the genitalia, have lead to
(STAL, 1870) n. comb. pour Frutis sanguineovittata STAL, 1870 et
Cha/ia modes/a (SCHMIDT, 1913) n. comb. pour Frutis modes/a multiple descriptions of the species although it had
SCHMIDT, 1913. Une espece nouvelle est decrite des Philippines, been very well illustrated in the description by GRA v.
Chalia luzonica n. sp.; les 4 taxons suivants, Chalia aphaenoides An identmcation key to the species of the genus based
WALKER, 1858, Ewybrachys isabella WALKER, 1870, Frutis sinensis
on easily observable characters is proposed in order
D1sTANT, 1890 et Frulis emarginata JACOBI, 1944, sont proposes
to allow recognition of the known species and also
comme synonymes de Chalia pulchra (GRAY, 1832) etFrutis pulchra
var. immaculata SCHMIDT, 1913 est propose comme synonyme de separation of possible new species that are likely to
Chalia modesta SCHMIDT, 1913, ce qui laisse 5 especes valides. Les exist, especially in the Philippine Archipelago.
genitalia male et femelle sont illustres et des photos d'habitus, uae
carte de repartition ainsi que des renseignements sur la biologie
72 Jerome CONSTANT
Historical review - Lystra pulchra GRAY (1832) from «India», a species
considered as senior synonym of Aphaena verisamor
Chalia WALKER, 1858 WALKER, 1857 by WALKER (1858). STAL (1862)
In 1858, WALKER created the genus Chalia for a new designated Aphaena verisamor as type-species of
species from Penang, Malaysia, Chalia aphaenoides his new genus Frutis. Faunistic data from Borneo
WALKER, 1858. The following characters were given to (Sarawak) were given by LALLEMAND (1939).
define the genus: (1) head a little narrower than thorax, - F. sanguineovittata STAL, 1870 and F amplipennis
(2) frons and vertex flat, (3) [sides ofJ face lanceolate and STAL, 1870 from the Philippines.
subcarinate, ( 4) thorax short, not carinate, (5) genitalia - F. sinensis DISTANT, 1890 from Northern China. The
well defined, (6) tegmina narrow with apex rounded, not same erroneous data is given by NAST (1972) in his
reticulate at base, moderately reticulate in middle and catalogue of the Palaearctic Homoptera
much reticulate apically. ATKINSON (1886) erroneously -F. pulchra var. immaculata SCHMIDT, 1913 from Nias
transferred the species to the genus Polydictya GuERJN, Island, off Sumatra and F modesta SCHMIDT, 1913 from
1844 and in 1903, MELICHAR erroneously synonymized Borneo.
Chalia with Polydictya. Later, MuLR (1930) moved - F. emarginata JACOBI, 1944 from Pinang (Malaysia).
Chalia to the Emybrachidae and METCALF (1956) The species is erroneously mentioned from Fukien,
placed it in the tribe Frutini SCHMIDT, 1908. China by METCALF (1956), probably because it was
d<::sc.:ribed in a paper mainly dedicated to the homoptera
Frutis STAL, 1862 fauna of Fukien province.
In 1862, STAL created the genus Frutis for one species
from Borneo, Aphaena verisamor WALKER, 1857, with
the following distinctive features for the genus: (1) no Materials and methods
subocular spine, (2) clavus closed, (3) posterior tibiae
sexspinose, ( 4) scutellum representing about half of The types of all described species have been studied
thorax length, (5) antennae short with second segment and as much material as possible has been examined.
subglobular (STAL's statement that the clavus is closed The genitalia of all the males have been checked. The
is enoneous). dissection of the genitalia is done after boiling the
The genus was described in a key to the genera of abdomen in glacial acetic acid for a few minutes. The
Eurybrachidae without subocular spine and with clavus pygofer is then separated from the abdomen and boiled
closed. The same key was given in English by ATKINSON for about one hour in a 10% solution of potassium
(1886). hydroxide (KOH) with some drops of aqueous solution
In 1903, MELICHAR stated that the Emybrachidae can of chlorazol black. It is then placed in glycerin. For
be divided into 2 main groups, one with a spine under routine identification, only the acetic acid boiling has
the eyes, the other without a spine, and placed Frutis been done as the specific structures on the phallic
in the latter together with the Australian genera Dardus complex are directly visible after moving aside the
STAL, 1859, Gedrosia STAL, 1862, Olonia STAL, 1862 gonostyli. The genitalia have been placed under the
and Platybrachys STAL, 185 9. specimen, in glycerin.
DISTANT (1906) gave a key to the Oriental genera The description of the female genitalia follows
of Eurybrachidae and separated Frutis from all other BOURGOIN (1993) with additions from the studies
Oriental genera by the lack of a spine under the eye. of SouuER-PERKJNS (1997) and SouuER-PErooNs &
He gave a description of the genus and its known BouRGOIN (1998) on the family Lopbopidae.
distribution (Oriental and Malayan regions, and China, Lectotypes have been designated when necessary
the last being erroneous). in order to improve nomenclatural stability in the
Later SCHMIDT (1908) created the tribe Frutini (main group. For the valid species described only on female
distinctive features: (1) clavus not closed, (2) claval specimen(s), one specimen of the opposite sex has
veins fused, (3) no subocular spine) with the only been chosen as reference for the species. Although the
genus Frutis, and in 1913, he summarized the history term has no value under taxonomic rules, MEDLER's
of the genus, stating that specimens are scarce in the (1999) policy of labelling those reference specimens as
collections. «Plesiotype» with blue labels, has been followed. The
useful aspect of those designations for future workers
A total of 6 species and one variety were included in the seems evident. For the labels of the types, each single
genus by METCALF (1956): label is limited by square brackets. The etymology of
Eurybrachidae (X). Chalia WALKER, 1858 (Hemiptera) 73
the scientific names is given whenever possible. ZIN: Russian Academy of Sciences, Zoological
Each species is redescribed and the genitalia as Institute, St Petersburg, Russia (A.
well as other characters useful for identification are Emeljanov)
figured. A distribution map produced by the software ZMPA: Polish Academy of Sciences, Museum of
CFF (BARBIER & RAsMONT, 2000) and photos of habitus the Institute of Zoology, Warsaw, Poland (J.
are also provided. If necessary, the current name of Szwedo)
the localities is mentioned in parentheses after the one ZMAN: Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam,
transcribed from the label. Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.P. Duffels)
The few indications about the biology of the species ZMUC: Zoological Museum of the University of
are provided, as well as an identification key. Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (N.P.
The following acronyms are used for the Christensen)
measurements (measurements are taken as in CONSTANT, ZRC: National University of Singapore, Raffles
2004): BF, breadth of the frons - BT, breadth of the Museum of Biodiversity Research,
thorax - BTg, breadth of the tegmen - BV, breadth of Zoological Reference Collection, Singapore
the vertex - LF, length of the frons - LM, length of the (H.K. Lua)
mesonotum - LP, length of the pronotum - LT, total
length - LTg, length of the tegmen - LV, length of the Taxonomic part
vertex.
Acronyms used for the collections (name of the Description oft he taxa
curator in parentheses).
BMNH: The Natural History Museum, London, Genus Chalia WALKER, 1858
United Kingdom (M. Webb)
CAS: California Academy of Sciences, San Type-species: Chalia aphaenoides WALKER, 1858
Francisco, California, U.S.A. (N. D. Penny) Gunior synonym of Chalia pulchra (GRAY, 1832)), by
FMNH: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, monotypy.
Illinois, U.S.A. (P.P. Parillo)
FSCA: Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Chalia WALKER, 1858: 31.
Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Frutis STAL, 1862: 488 n. syn.
Florida, U.S.A. (S.E. Halbert)
FSAG: Facultes des Sciences Agronomiques Type-species: Aphaena verisamor WALKER, 1857
de Gembloux, Gembloux, Belgium (E. Gunior synonym of Chalia pulchra (GRA v, 1832)), by
Haubruge) original designation and monotypy.
IRSNB: Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de
Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium (P. Grootaert) Frutis STAL, 1862: ATKINSON, 1886: 13.
NMBC: Moravske Museum, Brno, Czech Republic Frutis STAL, 1862: MELICHAR, 1903: 67.
(I. Malenovsky) Chalia WALKER, 1858: MELICHAR, 1903: 71 (erroneously
MNHN: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, synonymized with Polydictya GutIUN, 1844)
Paris, France (T. Bourgoin) Frutis STAL, 1862: DISTANT, 1906: 220 & 234.
NHRS: aturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Frutis STAL, 1862: SCHMIDT, 1913: 184.
Sweden (B. Viklund) Frutis STAL, 1862: LALLEMAND, 1939: 71.
OUMNH: Oxford University Museum of Natural Frutis STAL, 1862: METCALF, 1956: 46.
History, Oxford, United Kingdom (D. Mann Challa WALKER, 1858: METCALF, 1956: 48.
and Z. Simons)
RMNH: Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Large size (more than 20 mm),
(Naturalis), Leiden, The Netherlands (J. elongate; no infra-ocular spine; clavus narrowly open;
van Tol) bind wings unicolorous. Oriental region.
RSME: National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh,
United Kingdom (A. Whittington) DESCRIPTION: Head: narrower than thorax; vertex about
SMTD: Staatlicbes Museum fur Tierkunde, Dresden, 3 times broader than long, with 2 slight impressions
Germany (R. Emmrich) close to hind margin; bind and lateral margins carinate,
USNM: National Museum of Natural Hist01y, fore margin carinate or not, fore and hind margins
Washington D.C., U.S.A. (S. McKamey) curved; frons 1.6 - 1.7 times broader than long (Plate 1
74 Jerome CONSTANT
A); clypeus reaching fore trochanter; labium reaching Sexual dimorphism: males smaller than females and
median trochanter, with last segment strongly dilated, with tegmina more elongate.
shorter and broader than penultimate (Plate 1 B); Size: CS: 21-25 mm; ~: 26-35 mm.
no infra-ocular spine; ocelli absent; antennae sh01i,
reaching or projecting little beyond level of lateral DISTRIBUTION: South East Asia: from Malaysia to Java,
process of frons; scape short, pedicel sub globular. Sumatra, Borneo and the Philippines.
Thorax: about 1.4 - 1.7 as broad as length of pro- &
mesonotum together; pronotum with fore margin Note: in this genus, stable characters have been observed
carinate; oblique, obsolete carina on each side of in the shape of gonocoxae VIII and posterior vagina that
anterior part of disc and median impression on disc; can be used for identification of species.
mesonotum smooth.
Tegmina: flat; 2.4 -3 times longer than broad; maximal BIOLOGY: The species of the genus seem to be associated
breadth near apex; costal margin slightly curved; apex with undisturbed dipterocarp forests where they live on
rounded; apical 1/4 with numerous cross-veins; clavus tree trunks. No host plant is known to date.
narrowly open.
Venation: vein C barely distinct on first 1/3; veins Sc &
R separated close to base; first fork of vein M beyond 1. Chalia amplipennis (STAL, 1870) n. comb.
Sc-R separation; veins A 1 & A2 fused at about 2/3 of Figs 4 A, 5 A, Plate 2 A.
clavus length.
Hind wings: well developed, broad, rounded at apex; Frutis amplipennis STAL, 1870: 754.
reaching apex of tegmina at rest; sutural margin with Frutis amplipennis STAL, 1870: METCALF, 1956: 47.
cut-out before apex; anal area well developed; broader
than tegmina. ETYMOLOGY: amplipennis (Latin): from amplus = broad
Legs: I and II slender, elongate, with femur & tibia and penna = wing. The name is assumed to refer to the
dorso-ventrally flattened, not foliacous; tibia III with shape of the tegmina and hind wings.
5-6 lateral and 9 apical spines; first hind tarsomere
elongate, without pad of microsetae, bearing apically TYPE EXAMINED: Lectotype ~ of .Frutis amplipennis
a group of 12 strong spines on the ventral face (Plate STAL, 1870 present designation: labeled [Ins. Phillipp.]
1 C). [Semper] [Type] [Typus] [Frutis amplipen- nis Stal]
Genitalia CS: pygofer higher than long in lateral view, [Lectotype ~ Frutis amplipennis Stal, 1870, J. Constant
with large, latero-posterior, laminate process directed des., 2007] [Chafia amplipennis (Stal, 1870) Jerome
posteriorly; anal tube dorso-ventrally flattened; Constant det. 2007] (NHRS).
gonostyli fused basaly, bearing dorsal process divided
into slender process curved laterad and larger one DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: (female) Immediately
curved dorsad; phallic complex with several, more or recognized by the 2 maroon patches on tegmina: one
less developed, spinose processes, and apico-ventral semi circular along costal margin at first 1/3 and one
process articulate. discal band at 2/3, and the base of tegmina greenish
Genitalia ~: anal tube elongate; beyond anus, projecting olivaceous.
postero-ventrad, v-shaped in cross-section arid laminate
ventrally; anus at first 1/3 to 1/2; gonoplacs unilobous, DESCRJPTION: LT: ~ (n = 1): 34.6 mm.
projecting dorso-laterad, not surpassing anal tube; Head: dark red, labium darker; antennae brownish; ratio
gonapophysis IX higher than long, subrectangular with BV/LV = 2.9; BF/LF = 1.6.
ventral margin rounded, inner wall concave; gonocoxae Thorax: entirely dark red; ratio LP+LM/BT = 0.66.
VIII like large, pilose, inflated pouch, largely extending Tegmina: yellowish brown with basal 1/5 greenish
ventrally; gonapophysis VIII elongate, pointed, shorter olivaceous, semi-circular maroon patch along costal
than gonapophysis IX; anterior vagina positioned margin at basal 1/ 3 and at 2/3, maroon transverse
ventrally, subtriangular, much smaller than posterior band not reaching margins, narrowing from costal to
vagina and with spermatheca attached apically; sutural side of tegmen; patches and spots of waxy wliite
posterior vagina bearing numerous ridges, with bursa secretion mainly on paler zones; ratio LTg/BTg = 2.3.
copulatrix attached apically; bursa copularix medium Hind wings: yellowish brown, paler than tegmina; baso
to large, longer than posterior vagina, without visible sutural 1/2 covered with white, waxy secretion.
ornamentation on walls. Legs: all legs dark red, with spines of tibiae III and
Eurybracbidae (X). Challa WALKER, 1858 (Hemiptera) 75
tarsomeres of legs III infuscate. ~ Chalia luzonica n.sp. Jerome Constant det. 2007]
Abdomen: bright red. - dissected, abdomen in glycerine (CAS).
o:
Genitalia unknown.
Genitalia ~: gonocoxae VIII largely rounded and DIAGNOSIS: (female) Recognized from the other species
showing a finger shaped process at inner angle in by its unicolorous, brownish red tegmina.
ventral view; stemite VII strongly produced between
gonocoxae VIII. DESCRrPTJON: LT: ~ (n = 1): 30.0 mm.
Head: yellowish brown with apex of clypeus darker and
Notes: (1) it is possible that white waxy secretion covers labium blackish; ratio BV/LV = 3.3; BF/LF = 1.6.
larger parts of tegmina, hind wings and even body in Thorax: entirely yellowish brown; ratio LP+LM/BT =
fresh specimens; (2) full dissection has not been done 0.69.
for this species because it is known by a single female Tegmina: yellowish brown, slightly darker near base,
specimen and valuable distinctive external characters irregularly covered with white waxy secretion; ratio
on the genitalia can be used to reliably identify this LTg/BTg = 2.5.
species. Hind wings: pale yellowish brown.
Legs: entirely maroon with apex of tibiae III and hind
BIOLOGY: The species is known from ,,the Philippines" tarsi darker.
without more precise data. No specimen has been Abdomen: reddish brown.
o:
collected since the type more than 130 years ago. Genitalia unknown.
Genitalia ~: gonocoxae VIII with a process surpassing
hind margin in ventral view and with postero-inner
2. Chalia luzonica CONSTANT, 2007 n. sp. angle pointed; posterior vagina longer than broad
Figs 4 B, 5 A, Plate 2 B. in ventral view; sternite VII not produced between
gonocoxae VIII, showing rounded emargination in
ETYMOLOGY: luzonica: name derivated from Luzon, the middle of bind margin.
Island of the Philipines archipelago where the species
was collected. Note: the description of the species is based on a
specimen that is suspected to have been preserved or
MATERIAL EXAMINED: Holotype ~: labeled [Quezon Park, collected in not optimal conditions (e.g. in ethanol) that
Tayabas, Luzon, P.I. V-1-31] [F.C. Hadden collector] could have affected its colouration.
[F.C. Hadden collection] [Collection of the California BroLOGY: Nothing is known of the biology of this
Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, Calif.] [Holotype
c
Plate I _ A-C. Chalia pulchra: (A) frons, normal view; (B) apex of labium, ventral view; (C) hind tarsus, ventral view.
76 Jerome CONSTANT
species which is only known from the island of Luzon. XII.1912, Kampmeinert [RMNH]; (Indonesian part) 1
9:
Long Bloeoe (= Longbluu), 1898, Dr. Nieuwenhuis
9:
[RMNH]; 5 Mahakkam, 1894, Dr. Nieuwenhuis
3. Chalia modesta (SCHMIDT, 1913) n. comb. [4: RMNH; 1: ZMAN]; 1 9: Semberah (= Sembera),
Figs 1, 4 C, 5 B, Plate 2 C-D. 50 km N Mahakam delta, 04.V.1935, Mrs Pijpers
Heynen [ZMAN]; 1 9: Sibuku river, I.1954, R. von
o:
Frutis modesta SCHMIDT, 1913: 186. Hentig, [FMNH]; (Malaysian part) 1 Matang,
c3':
Frutis pulchra var. immaculata ScHMmT, 1913: 186 n. VIII.1899 [BMNH]; 1 Sarawak, 1909, CJ. Brooks
syn .. [BMNH];Sumatra: 1 9: Seumonjam (= Seumonyam),
Frutis modesta SCHMIDT, 1913: METCALF, 1956: 47. Menlabok, 1894, Dr. Nieuwenhuis [RMNH]; Nias
9:
Frutis pulchra var. immaculata SCHMIDT, 1913: Island: 1 North Nias, Hili Madjedja (= Hili
METCALF, ] 956: 48. Maziaya), X-XII.1895, Mitschke [BMNH].
ETYMOLOGY: - immaculata (adj., Latin): without spots. DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Immediately recognized
The name refers to the lack of yellow markings on the by the colour of tegmina: in females, green without
tegmina of the female comparatively to females of C. yellow patches on base of clavus and disc but showing
pulchra (GRAY, 1832). a patch suffused with yellow at 2/3 on the costal cell
- moclesta (adj., Latin): modest, sober. The name is (green colour can be faded to yellowish in collection
assumed to refer to the colouration of the species that is specimens); in males dark green. Males are best
much less bright than in the closely related C. pulchra identified by the genitalia. Sumatra, Nias and Borneo.
(GRAY, 1832).
DESCRIPTION: LT: 0 (n = 3): 26.0 mm (25.4 -26.5); ~ (n
o
TYPES EXAMINED: - Lectotype of Frutis modesta = 8): 28.8 mm (26.9 - 32.5).
ScHMrnT, 1913 present designation: labeled [Matang Head: olivaceous green; apex of clypeus and labium
o'
3200 ft. 17-7-1909] [Type] [Frutis modesta SCHMIDT darker, brownish; antennae blackish; ratio BV/LV =
Edm. Schmidt determ. 1913] [Mus. Zool. Polonicum, 2.6; BF/LF = 1.7.
o
Warszawa, 12/45] [Lectotype Frutis modesta Thorax: olivaceous green with tegulae darker, blackish
Schmidt, 1913, J. Constant des., 2007] [Chaliapulchra brown; ratio LP+LM/BT = 0.7 l.
o,
(Gray) Jerome Constant det. 2007] - dissected, Tegmina: irregularly covered with white, waxy
o:
genitalia in glycerine (ZMPA). secretion; olivaceous green with irregular brownish
patches: transverse band close to base, 2 patches at first
Note: the description of the species was based on one 113 and 1/2 along costal margin more or less distinct;
male and one female. SCHMIDT (1913) stated that one yellowish brown zone on apical 114 extending along
of the types (the female) is deposited at the Sarawak costal and sutural margins; 9: green with yellowish
Museum in Kuching. Despite considerable efforts, the zone on apical 1/4 extending to 112 along costal margin
specimen has not been found in the collections of the and to 213 along sutural margin; costal cell usually
Sarawak Museum (Zaidi Mohd Isa,pers. corn.). covered with white waxy secretion on basal 112; ratio
LTg/BTg = (o) 3.2, (~) 2.7.
- Lectotype 9 of Frutis pulchra var. immaculata Hind wings: yellowish brown, covered with white,
Sct-IMIDT, 1913 present designation: labeled [Goenoeng waxy secretion.
Sitoli, Nias, H. Rolle Berlin S.W. 11.] [Type] Legs: femora olivaceous green; tibiae and tarsi darker,
9
[Fr. pulchra var. immaculata Schmidt Edm. Schmidt reddish brown.
detenn. 1913] [Mus. Zool. Polonicum, Warszawa, Abdomen: b1ight red, usually covered with white, waxy
9
12/45] [Lectotype Frutis pulchra var. immaculata secretion.
o:
Schmidt, 1913, J. Constant des., 2007] [ Chalia pulchra Genitalia latero-posterior laminate process of
9,
(Gray) Jerome Constant det. 2007] (ZMPA). pygofer triangular, pointing postero-dorsally; anal tube
in dorsal view elongate, ovoid, constricted at base;
Note: the spelling of the type locality ,,Goenveng Sitoli" gonostyli fused on less than 1/3 of length, elongate in
in SCHMIDT (1913) is effoneous. ventral view and externally ernarginate on apical 1/3
in ventral view, with dorsal process bearing 2-5 small
o,
OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED (2 12 ~) - Borneo: 1 ~: teeth dorsally; phallic complex: see figs 1 D-E.
9: 9:
Borneo, Hewitt [RSME]; 1 Borneo, B. Orfakekkam, Genitalia gonocoxae VIII slightly emarginate on
Eurybrachidae (X). Chalia WALKER, 1858 (Hemiptera) 77
..'. ' '
.'
'
r,:::::::::-;. ---. ' :'' .: ' '' \ ' '' , .. -~ ..
({ /" ~. ' ,' ' '
\ I I I
\ \ \ ·., ,!/I\ '.I:
.: I ' ....... ·/1 1 ,' f
''
'
A
c
'
' ' ' -' '' ''' ...... ' ' Py
E
B .
·: .
I ' 'I..
·'I ,• , ' \ .' ,
f ig. 1 - A-E. Chalia modesta, genitalia CS. (A) pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli, left lateral view (An - anal tube;
G - gonostyli; Py - pygofer); (B) anal tube, dorsal view; (C) pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; (D) phallic
complex, left lateral view; (E) phallic complex, dorsal view. Scale l mm.
inner half of posterior margin in ventral view and with confirmed.
postero-inner angle rounded; posterior vagina broader
than long, with sides strongly broadened at level of
abdominal segment VII; tergite VII produced between 4. Chalia pulchra (GRAY, 1832) n. comb.
gonocoxae VITT in middle of hind margin. Figs 2, 4 D, 5 A, Plate 1, 2 E-F.
Note: one female from Borneo (RSME) has tegmina Lystrapuichra GRAY, 1832: 260, pl. 90 fig. 5.
coloured as in males. Aphana [sic!]pulchra (GRAY, 1832): BURMEISTER, 1835:
398.
BIOLOGY: Nothing is known of the biology oft his species Lystrapulchra GRAY, 1832: WALKER, 1851: 278.
which is known from Nias, Sumatra and Borneo, except Aphaena verisamorWALKER, 1857: 143.
that the type specimen has been collected at altitude of Chalia aphaenoides WALKER, 1858: 31 n. syn.
about 975 m. It seems to be present as adults throughout Aphaena pulchra (GRAY, 1832): WALKER, 1858: 316
the year but the paucity of data means this cannot be (synonymy of Aphaena verisamor).
78 Jerome CONSTANT
Frutis verisamor (WALKER, 1857): STAL, 1862: 488. (underside) Borneo] [Eurybrachys isabella] [Type]
Frutis verisamor (WALKER, 1857): STAL, 1870: 754. [Lectotype ~ Eurybrachys isabella Walker, 1870, J.
Ewybrachys isabella WALKER, 1870: 134 n. syn. Constant des., 2007] [ Chalia pulchra (GRA v) ~,Jerome
Frutis pulchra (GRAY, 1832): ATKINSON, 1886: 22 Constant det. 2007] (BMNH).
(Aphaena pulchra transferred to Frutis and synonymy
of Aphaena verisamor). Note: this specimen was erroneously described as a
Polydictya aphaenoides (WALKER, 1858): ATKJNSON, male by WALKER (1870)
1886: 255.
Frutis pulchra (GRAY, 1832): DISTANT, 1906: 235, fig. - Lectotype Sf2 of Frutis sinensis DISTANT, 1890 present
101. designation: labeled [Type] [sinensls Dist.] [China
Frutis pulchra (GRAY, 1832): SCHMIDT, 1908: 243. (Leech)] [Distant Coll. 1911 - 383.] [Lectotype ~
Frutis sinensis DISTANT, 1910: 160 n. syn. Frutis sinensis Distant, 1890, J. Constant des., 2007]
Frutis pulchra (GRAY, 1832): SCHMIDT, 1913: 185. [Chalia pulchra (Gray) Sf2, Jerome Constant det. 2007]
Frutis pulchra (GRAY, 1832): LALLEMAND, 1939: 71. (BMNH).
o
Frutis emarginata JACOBI, 1944: 11 n. syn. - Holotype by monotypy ofF rutis emarginata JACOBI,
Eurybrachys isabella WALKER, 1870: METCALF, 1956: 1944: labeled [Pinang, nov., Curtis T.] [Rosenberg Kauf
21. 1907] [Type] [Frutis emarginata Jae.] [Staatl. Museum
Frutis emarginata JACOBI, 1944: METCALF, 1956: 47. fur Tierkunde Dresden] [Holotype 3 Fruth; emarginata
Frutis pulchra (GRAY, 1832): METCALF, 1956: 47. Jacobi, 1944, J. Constant des., 2007] [Challa pulchra
o,
Fru.tis sinensis DISTANT, 1910: METCALF, 1956: 48. (Gray) Jerome Constant det. 2007] - dissected,
Chalia aphaenoides WALKER, 1858: METCALF, 1956: genitalia in glycerine (SMTD).
48.
Frutis sinensis DISTANT, 1910: NAST, 1972: 136. Note: the type specimens (one male and one female
according to WALKER, 1857) of Aphaena verisamor
ETYMOLOGY: -pulchra (adj., Latin): beautiful. It is here WALKER, 1857 are neither in the collections of the
assumed that the name refers to the general aspect of OUMNH (Zoe Simmons,pers. cam.), nor in those of the
the species. BMNH (Mick Webb, pers. cam.). Despite considerable
- emarginata (adj., Latin): ernarginate. The name is investigation in other collections worldwide, those
assumed to refer to the shape of the hind wings. specimens have not been found and are here considered
- aphaenoides (adj.): from aphaena, the name of a as lost. However, the original description contains
genus of Fulgoridae and -aides, meaning «similar to». enough details (especially the yellow spots at the base
The name surely refers to the superficial similarity of of the tegmina) to confirm the synonymy established by
the species with the members of the genus Aphaena WALKER (1858) with Challapulchra (GRAY, 1832).
GuERIN-MENEYlLLE, 1834. It seems interesting to
mention that WALKER (1857) described the female of the OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED (8 3, 60 ~) - Malaysia
same species as Aphaena verisamor. (Peninsular): 1 3: Bukit Kutu, IV.1915 [USNM]; 1
- sinensis (adj.): from China. The name refers to the ~: idem, IV.1929, 3300 ft, A.R. Sanderson [BMNH];
(erroneous) origin of the species. 1 ~: idem, 8.IX.1929, 3500ft, H.M. Pendlebmy
[BMNH]; 1 ~: Selangor, Ampang, 12.1.1939, H.
TYPES EXAMINED: -Lectotype ~ of Lystra pulchra GRAY, Simrnonde, ex FMS Museum [BMHN]; 1 ~: Perak
1832 present designation: labeled [Lystra pulchra [BMNH]; 2 ~:idem, ex FMS Museum [BMNH]; 1 3,
Gray] [type Hem: 480 Lystrapulchra Gray in Griffith's. 2 ~: idem, Doherty [BMNH]; l ~: Gunong Kledang
Hope dept Oxford] [Lectotype ~ Lystra pulchra Gray, (=Gunong Keledang), Perak, XJ.1916 [USNM]; 1 ~:
1832, J. Constant des., 2007] [Chalia pulchra (Gray) idem, ex FMS Museum [BMNH]; 1 ~: Semongok
~'Jerome Constant det. 2007] (OUMNH). (= Semonggok), 23.XI.1966, on tree, Christopher
- Lectotype 3 of Chalia aphaenoides WALKER, 1858 Chua [BMNH]; 1 ~: Malay Peninsula, 31.VII.1914,
present designation: labeled [Penang] [aphaenoides] ex F.M.S. Museum [BMNH]; 2 ~: Baram [BMNH]; 1
[ 68-4] [Type] [Lectotype 3 Challa aphaenoides Walker, ~:idem, X.1891 [BMNH]; 1 ~: Johor, Endau Rompin
1858, J. Constant des., 2007] [Chaliapulchra (Gray) 3, N.P., Janing Ridge Trail, 27.III.2001,day catch, primary
Jerome Constant det. 2007] (BMNH). lowland forest, leg. M.A. Schouten [ZMAN]; 1 ~:
- Lectotype ~ of Eurybrachys isabella WALKER, Malacca [MNHN]; 1 ~: idem, leg. H. Deyr. [RMNH];
1870 present designation: labeled [S AR.] [56 - 44, 1 ~: idem, 1862, leg. Castelneau [OUMNH]; 1 ~:
Eurybrachidae (X). Chaiia WALKER, 1858 (Hemiptera) 79
idem, leg. Staudinger [NHRS]; 1 ~: Penang (= Pulau on base of clavus and disc (can be faded to yellowish
Pinang) [RMNH]; 1 ~: idem [BMNH]; 1 ~: Pulo with paler patches in collection specimens); males
Penang (= Pulau Pinang),leg. van Seylingen [ZMUC];
reddish and best identified by the genitalia. Malaysia,
1 c)': Pahang, Kuala Lahan, 900ft, 17.XI.1921, H.M.
Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Singapore.
Pendlebury [BMNH]; Java: 1 ~: java [ZMPA]; 1 ~:
Ha-L1-schild (= Haur, Ci ?) [ZMUC]; 1 ~: Ledru, 1894, DESCRIPTION: LT: o (n = 6): 21.9 mm (21.0 to 23.0);
Lab. Ent. Escalera [MMBC]; 1 ~: Jelebu (=Kuala ~ (n = 39): 28.4 mm (26.5 to 30.8).
Kelawang), Bukit Janggu Pass, VIII.1911, H.H. Head: o : reddish brown; apex of clypeus darker; ~:
Banks [OUMNH]; Sumatra: 1 ~: Airputih, Singkep/ olivaceous green with apex of clypeus darker; ratio
Riouw, 13.11.1955, leg; Cardinaal [RMNH]; 1 o : Ayer BV/LV = 2.7 -2.9; BF/LF = 1.4 - 1.5.
Gumai, 28-31.V.1907, leg. 0. John [ZIN]; 1 ~:Deli(= Thorax: o : reddish brown with tegulae darker; ~:
Labuhandeli), leg. Piepers [RMNH]; 1 ~: Seumonjam olivaceous green; ratio LP+LM/BT = 0.7.
(=Seumonyam), Menlabok, 1894, leg. Dr. Nieuwenhuis Tegmina: o: reddish brown with veins dark red; apical
[RMNH]; 1 ~: Tengah, 18.IX.1959, leg. Ryberg 1/3 paler; ~: green with base of clavus yellow and often
[ZMUC]; 1 ~: Lebongtandai, 1920-1923, CJ. Brooks costal cell, oblique band at apical 1/3, and curved line
[BMNH]; I ~: idem, IV.1923 [BMNH]; Borneo: 1 ~: between apex of clavus and vein Sc, yellowish; costal
Borneo [MNHN]; 1 ~: Borneo, leg. Hewitt [RSME]; 1 cell often covered with white, waxy secretion; ratio
~:Borneo [BMNH]; 1 ~:idem, leg. Boucard [NHRS]; LTg/BTg = (o) 3, (~) 2.6.
(Brunei) 2 Sj2: Brunei [ZIN]; 1 Sj2: Brunei [NHRS]; 1 Hind wings: o : brown with veins of anal area whitish
~: 4,7 km NW of Belait, 31.XII.1988, at light, 19: and veins of apical 1/2 marked with dark red; ~: white,
00-20:00, mixed Dipterocarp forest, leg. E.F. de Vogel covered with white, waxy secretion.
[RMNH]; 1 o : Ulu Temburong, 300m, II-III.1982, Legs: o : reddish brown; ~: femora olivaceous, tibiae
M.C. Day [BMNH]; (Indonesian part) 1 ~: Lohabang, darker, reddish brown.
1898, R. Oberthm [MNHN]; 6 ~: , Mahakkam, Abdomen: bright red, often covered with white, waxy
1894, leg. Dr. Nieuwenhuis [2: ZMAN; 4: RMNH]; secretion.
(Malaysian part) 1 o : Bettotan (= Betotan, Sungai), nr Genitalia 6: latero-posterior laminate process of
Sandakan, 25.VII.1927, leg. C.B.K. & H.M.P.[BMNH]; pygofer triangular; anal tube in dorsal view ovoid,
1 o : Danum Valley, field camp W5, 14-26.III.1987, constricted with sides parallel at base; gonostyli fused
alt. 175 m, Malaise trap, C. van Achterberg [RMNH]; on less than half of length, elongate in ventral view and
1 ~: Sarawak, Dulit Mountains (= Banjaran Dulit), strongly depressed latero-ventrally, with dorsal process
l 4.VIII.1932, on tr·ee trunk, primitive forest, junction sh·ongly curved apically and bearing 2 teeth; phallic
ofrivers Tinjar & Lejok, B.M. Hobby andA.W. Moore complex: see figs 2 D-E.
[BMNH]; 1 Sj2: Sarawak, Dulit Mountains (= Banjaran Genitalia ~: gonocoxae VIII slightly emarginate
Dulit), 16.XI.1932, primitive primary forest, river on inner half of posterior margin in ventral view
Koyan, B.M. Hobby and A.W. Moore [FASG]; l ~: and with postero-inner angle angulously rounded;
Kinabalu (= Kota Kinabalu) [NHRS]; 1 ~: Limbang, posterior vagina broader than long, with sides regularly
II.1915, H.W. Smith [ZRC]; Singapore: 1 ~:Singapore, rounded in ventral view; sternite VII produced between
Atkinson coll. [BMNH]; 1 ~: Singapore, ex FMS gonocoxae VIII in middle of hind margin.
Museum [BMNH]; 1 ~: Singapore [ZRC]; Unprecise
localities: I Sj2: Banting, 05.VI.1912, leg. G.D.A. Note: the bright green colour of females is often faded
[OUMNH]; 1 ~:Cantor [OUMNH]; No locality data: to pale yellowish brown in collection specimens (this
1 Si2 [MNHN]; l Si2 [RMNH]; 1o [OUMNH];1 ~: 1863 maybe due to mode of collection or preservation).
[RSME]; 1 ~:Rothschild Bequest [BMNH].
BIOLOGY: The species seems to live on tree trunks
Note: the species has been mentioned from India in primitive dipterocarp forests. It is documented at
(GRAY, 1832; ScHAUM, 1850) and from China (DISTANT, altitudes from 175 to 1000 m. It has been captured once
1890; NAST, 1972). Those data are here considered as at light trap between 19:00 and 20:00. Captures occurred
erroneous as they have not been confirmed by any more throughout the year, with peaks in April and November
recent data. but the paucity of data does not permit confirmation of
any seasonality in the phenology.
DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Immediately recognized by the
colour of tegmina: females green with yellow patches
80 Jerome CONSTANT
a
~-
A
An
---------------<~
~ -~-
G
B
.. - -' -· G D
,
\ .
'
' .
'' .
'
ir ·.
c
p
E
'
' '
Fig. 2 - A-E. Chalia pulchra, genitalia r3. (A) pygofer, anal tube and gonostyli, left lateral view (An - anal tube;
G - gonostyli; Py - pygofer); (B) anal tube, dorsal view; (C) pygofer and gonostyli, ventral view; (D) phallic
complex, left lateral view; (E) phallic complex, dorsal view. Scale 1 111111.
5. Chalia sanguineovittata (STAL, 1870) n. comb. tegmina.
Figs 3, 4 E, 5 A, Plate 2 G-H.
TYPES EXAMINED: -Lectotype Sj2 ofF rutis sanguineovittata
Frutis sanguineovittata STAL, 1870: 753. STAL, 1870 present designation: labeled [Ins. Philipp.]
Frutis sanguineovittata STAL, 1870: M ETCALF, 1956: [Typus] [Frutis sanguineo - vittata Stal] [Lectotype ~
48. Frutis sanguineovittata Stal, 1870, J_ Constant des.,
2007] [Chalia sanguineovittata (Stal, 1870), Jerome
ETYMOLOGY: sanguineovittata (Latin): from sanguineus Constant det. 2007] (NHRS).
=sanguine, and vittatus =banded. The name is assumed - Paralectotype Sj2 of Frutis sanguineovittata STAL,
to refer to the red band along the costal margin of the 1870: labeled [Ins. Philipp.] [Paratypus] [Paralectotype