REVISION, CLADISTICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE NEOTROPICAL GENUS SOUZALOPESMYIA ALBUQUERQUE (DIPTERA : MUSCIDAE)

15 Pages·1999·7.3 MB·

by  De Carvalho C J Barros

PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH.
101(1). 1999. pp. 123-137
REVISION, CLADISTICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE NEOTROPICAL
GENUS SOUZALOPESMYIA ALBUQUERQUE (DIPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Claudio Jose Barros de Carvalho
Department of Zoology, Universidade Federal do Parana, C.P 19020, 81531-990, Cu-
ritiba, Parana, Brazil (e-mail: [email protected])
—
Abstract. Souzalopesmyia Albuquerque, a monophyletic Neotropical muscid genus
of five species, is reviewed to include two new species, Souzalopesmyia paraensis
Carvalho, new species (Brazil: Para), and Souzalopesmyia sulina Carvalho, new spe-
cies (Paraguay: Canindeyu). Ground plan characters of the Phaoniinae as outgroup were
used in a cladistic analysis of the genus. The phylogenetic relationships found are (S.
amazonica {S. paraensis (S. singularis, S. sulina)) (S. carioca)) and these seem to sup-
port at least two biogeographical hypotheses: 1, The basal clade, S. amazonica, suggests
a date of origin for the genus as far back as the Late Cretaceous; 2, The occurrence of
5'. paraensis in Belem, along south side ofthe Amazon River, suggests a single dispersal
event to colonize that region, in a more recent time, which belongs to the northwestern
track.
—
Resumo. Souzalopesmyia Albuquerque, um genero monofiletico de Muscidae Neo-
tropical com tres especies e revisto para incluir duas novas especies, Souzalopesmyia
paraensis Carvalho (Brasil: Para) e Souzalopesmyia sulina Carvalho, (Paraguay: Can-
indeyu). Para a analise cladistica do genero, foram utilizados, como grupo de fora, os
caracteres do piano basico de Phaoniinae. A partir do relacionamento filogenetico encon-
trado {S. amazonica (S. paraensis {S. singularis, S. sulina)) (S. carioca)) podem ser re-
tiradas, no minimo, duas hipoteses biogeograficas: 1. O clado basal, S. amazonica, sugere
a data de origem do genero para o Cretaceo Superior; 2. A ocorrencia de S. paraensis
em Belem, ao sul do Rio Amazonas, sugere que um unico evento de dispersao ocorreu
para colonizar esta regiao, em uma epoca mais recente.
Key Words: Cladistics, biogeography, phylogenetic analysis, Souzalopesmyia, taxonomy
Souzalopesmyia Albuquerque 1951 is an other genera of Muscidae is confusing,
unusual genus ofrare Neotropical Muscidae Malloch (1929) described Peruvia (a pre-
because all ofits species are yellow. In gen- occupied name, now a synonym of Souza-
eral, yellow species are inhabitants of very lopesmyia) to include only Mydaea singu-
dark shaded habitats. The genus was pro- laris Stein, and considered it to be close to
posed by Albuquerque (1951: 53) to ac- Charadrella Wulp 1896 (Cyrtoneurininae).
commodate two new species, S. carioca Seguy (1937) synonymized Peruvia with
and S. amazonica. Subsequently, Pont Mydaea Robineau-Desvoidy 1830 (Myda-
(1972) included Mydaea singularis Stein einae), and Albuquerque (1951) considered
1911, in the genus. Souzalopesmyia to be close to Oramydaea
The relationship of Souzalopesmyia with Snyder, the latter being an Afrotropical ge-
124 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
nus of Mydaeinae now synonymized with Table 1. Characterstate distribution among species
Myospila Rondani 1856. Hennig (1965), af- of Soiizalopesmyia. = plesiomorphic character
terexamination ofthe ovipositor ofthe type states; 1 = apomorphic character states; ? = missing
data. Taxonomically useful characters for the species
species of Peruvia put it close to Helitia ofSoiizalopesmyia. Characters with an * were used in
Robineau-Desvoidy (Phaoniinae). Carvalho phylogenetic analysis.
(1989d) included Soiizalopesmyia in his
cladistic analysis of Muscidae and consid- outgroup 000 000 000 000 00
ered it as genus of Phaoniinae (Pont 1972, S. amazonica 000 100 010 101 11
Carvalho et al. 1993). SS.. cpaarriaoecnasis 010001 o00i1l 111110 100011 1111
The present paper adds two new species S. singularis 000 oil 100 111 11
to Soiizalopesmyia, presents a cladogram of S. sulina ?10 oil 100 111 11
the genus, and reflects upon the biogeo-
graphic relationships among the included Number of frontal setae in female; 0) three; 1)
two.
species. Frontal setae in male: 2) twocruciate; 1) two, the
lower cruciate, the upper reclinate.
Material and Methods Vti: 0) parallel; 1) divergent.
Postocular setae row in male: 0) complete and
distinct, whole row ofsetulae reaching epistome;
Specimens from the following institu- 1) incomplete, row of setulae reaching only to
tions were studied for comparative purpos- basal halfofeyes.
es: Department of Zoology, Universidade *5. Postocular setae row in male: 0) whole row of
Federal do Parana (DZUP), Curitiba, Bra- sseettuullaaee;bllaatctke;r b1e)gcionmnipnogseadfteorfbbalsaaclkhaanldf yoeflleoywe
zil; Museu Paraense Emflio Goeldi and reaching epistome, but 1-2 with black setu-
(MPEG), Belem, Brazil; Museu Nacional lae.
*6. Number of Dc prst: 0) two; 1) one.
do Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ), Rio de Janeiro, *7. Acr female prst: 0) distinct from the ground se-
Brazil; Staatliches Museum fiir Tierkunde tulae; 1) not distinct from the ground setulae.
(SMT), Dresden, Germany; Museo Nacion- Proepisternal seta: 0) strong, similar in length to
al de Historia Natural (MNPA), Asuncion, tthhee luepnpgetrhaonfeuppispteermaanlepsiestatee;mal1.) weak, less than
Paraguay. Crossvein dm-cu: 0) almost straight (Albuquer-
The terminology and abbreviations used que 1951: Fig. 11); 1) weakly curved (Albu-
querque 1951: Fig. 13).
here are those in McAlpine (1981) and Car- 10. Fifth sternite shape: 0) without sharp depression
valho (1989a), and the descriptions of the on posterior side (Fig. 1); 1) with sharp depres-
type-specimen labels follows O'Hara sion on posterior side (Figs. 2, 3, and Albuquer-
que 1951: Figs. 10 and 12).
(1982). Cereal plate: 0) round outline (Fig. 4, and Al-
The sister group of Soiizalopesmyia is buquerque 1951: Fig. 4); 1) squared outline
uasnkonnoewnofatlhtehomuogshtthbeasgaelnumsemibsecrosnsiodfertehde 12. ((HFAeilagbsd.uqa5u,pepr6e)qa.ureanc1e95:1:0)Fing.ot1)e.longate; 1) elongate
tribe Phaoniini (Pont and Carvalho 1997). 13. Number ofocellar setae; 0) two; 1) none.
The sister group may be found in Afrotrop- 14. General ground color ofthe flies: 0) not yellow;
yellow.
1)
ical Phaoniini (Pont 1980), which is com-
posed ofthree genera. Two ofthese genera,
Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 and available (Huckett and Vockeroth 1987,
Helina, are true but paraphyletic genera of Carvalho 1989d).
Phaoniini (Hennig 1965). On the other Table 1 includes all useful characters and
hand, the sister group may be found in a character states distribution of Soiizalopes-
more basal group of Neotropical Muscidae. myia species and their polarities used in the
Character polarities for the genus were present paper. The program Hennig86, ver-
based on the ground plan of Phaoniinae, sion 1. 5 (Fams 1988) was used for the phy-
and the assignment by Pont (1986) since no logenetic analysis, applying the implicit
phylogenetic analysis for these genera is enumeration (ie*) option. Consistency (CI)
— —
VOLUME 101. NUMBER 1 125
and retention (RI) indices were calculated toward vein R 4,3. Lower calypter of
excluding uninformative characters (auta- Phaonia-type. Sternite 1 bare. Male aedea-
pomorphies and synapomorphies of the ge- gus as in Figs. 10-12. Ovipositor long, ter-
nus). gites, sternites and membranes covered
with microtrichia (Figs. 15, 16). Three
Taxonomy elongate spermathecae. Egg: Phaonia-
Souzalopesmyia Albuquerque 1951 type.
Monophyly. Souzalopesmyia Albu-
Peruvia Malloch 1929:104 (preocc. Scud-
der 1890). Type-species, Mydaea singu- querque is a monophyletic genus based on
laris Stein, 1911 (orig. desig.). the following synapomorphies: 1, Head lat-
Souzalopesmyia Albuquerque 1951:53. eral appearance elongate; 2, Ocellar setae
Type-species, Souzalopesmyia carioca absent; 3, Gr—ound colour yellow.
Remarks. The species of Souzalopes-
Albuquerque, 1951 (orig. desig.).
myia are rare and have similar facies. Based
Diagnosis. Souzalopesmyia may be rec- on current collection records, they are
ognized by its typical head and antenna found in rainforest habitats. They may be
shape, by the setulose parafacials for half nocturnal, as they are rarely collected by
their length, and by the absence of ocellar day.
setae. Also, they are wholly yellow flies ex-
Key to Species of Souzalopesmyia
cept for the presence of stripes on the ab-
domen (Albuqu—erque 1951: Figs. 3, 16). 1 wVteiakldiyvercguernvte.d C(rAolssbvueqiunerqdume-cu195o1b:liqFuieg,.
Description. Male head dichoptic (Al-
13); female: 2 frontals
buquerque 1951: Fig. 1), narrower than in S. carioca Albuquerque
female. Frons with orbital setae reclinate, - Vti parallel. Crossvein dm-cu oblique, al-
and without crossed setae on frontal vitae. most straight (Albuquerque 1951: Fig. 11);
Ocellar setae absent. Antenna long, reach- female: 3 frontals 2
2(1) Dc 2: 3; male: postocularrow ofsetulae in-
ing epistome. Arista plumose, longest hairs
complete, not reaching epistome; setulae
equal to greatest antennal diameter. Para- black; female: some acr prst stronger than
facials setulose on upper half. Female pro- the ground setulae
boscis as in Fig 14. Dc 1-2:3. Acr not dis- S. anuizonica Albuquerque
tinct from ground setulae, except in female - Dc 1: 3; male: postocular row of setulae
complete; setulae black and yellow, the lat-
of S. amazonica. 2 postpronotals. la: 1:2. terbeginningafterbasal halfofeye;female:
Sa: 1:2, second weak, about half length of acrprst undifferentiated fromthegroundse-
first. 2 pa. 2 subequal npl setae. Pra absent. tulae 3
Disc of notopleuron bare. Anepisternum 3 1 proepisternal seta weak, about% lengthof
with a short seta in upper anterior corner. the upperanepisternal setae; male: fifthster-
nite without sharp depression on posterior
Anepimeron, greater ampulla, vallar ridge,
side (Fig. 1); cereal plate heart-shaped (Fig.
and meron bare. Ktps 1:2 (not 1:1:1 as stat- 4) S. paraensis Carvalho. new species
ed by Albuquerque 1951). Metathoracic - 1 proepisternal seta strong, similar to the
spiracle small, triangular, with yellow se- upper anepisternal setae; male: fifth sternite
tulae on margin. Prosternum bare. Fore tib- with sharp depression on posterior side
isaomweirteh 11 wPitDh s1uVbmesdetiaaen. Msietdae.feFmourrewtiatrh- 4 (3) 6(S)Fpiegcsi.es2,r3a)n;gicnergeaflroplmate8.r0outnode9d.0(Fmigms. 5in, 4
1 AD, 1 D, 1 PD and 1 P preapical setae. length; posterior ktps strong, about 2 times
Mid tibia with 2-4 P median setae: 1 the length ofthe anterior one; male: frontal
strong V apical setae. Hind tibia without setae both cruciate; fifth sternite as in Fig.
c1alAcDar, a1ndAVwitahpic1alADsMetmaee.diVaeninssetbaaer,e,1eDx,- 2S;pecceireesalraplnagtiengasfirnomFig6..555t.osi8n.g0iilmarmis (iSntein)
cept for costa. Vein ,+2 curved slightly length; posterior ktps very strong, about 3
126 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
times the length of the anterior one; male: just to apical %. Mid tibia with 3 P setae.
lowerfrontal setae cruciate, upperreclinate; Hind tibia with 5 AV setae on apical half
fifth sternite as in Fig. 3; cereal plate as in
Fig. 6 S. siilina Carvalho. new species (Albuquerque 1951: 57).
Wings: Clear, veins yellow. Membrane
Souzalopesmyia amazonica entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross-
Albuquerque 1951 vein r-m placed before point where vein Rl
Souzalopesmyia amazonica Albuquerque enters costa. Crossvein dm-cu oblique, al-
1951:56; Pont 1972:23 (Neotropical cat- most straight. Calypters and haltere yellow.
alog); Carvalho et al. 1993: 84 (Neotrop- Abdomen: Ground-color yellow; in pos-
ical catalog). terior view; with a narrow black stripe on
— tergite 1 which is enlarged on tergite 3, 4
Diagnosis. This species is very similar
and 5 (Albuquerque 1951: Fig. 16). Tergite
to 5. singularis but, it can be easily distin- 4 and 5 with 2 strong apical setae.
guished from the other Souzalopesmyia
Terminalia: See Albuquerque 1951: Fig.
species by dc 2—:3 setae.
Description. Male: Head: Frons broad, 12. mm
awtitnharornolwyesntorpmoailntpu0.b2e1scoefnchee.adFrownitdot-ho.rbEiyte- =M1e)a.sLuernegmtehntosf:wiLnegnsg,th6 omfmbod(yn,=7 1). (n
al plate, parafacial, face and gena silvery Female: Differs from male as follows:
white. Fronto-orbital plate broad, broaden- Head: Frons at narrowest point 0.27 of
ing gradually from vertex to lunula; at ver- head width. Frontal vitta broad, divergent
tex plate almost equal to diameter of ante- to vertex. 3 pairs of strong frontals, former
rior ocellus, at lunula equal to three times 2 cruciate. Ocellar triangle black, not reach-
anterior ocellus. Frontal vitta broad, parallel ing to insertion of3rd pairoffrontals. Some
to vertex. 2 pairs of strong frontal setae on acr prst strongerthan ground setulae. Cross-
lower % of frons, former cruciate and latter vein dm-cu oblique, more than in male.
reclinate; 1 strong orbital, reclinate and di- Terminalia: See Albuquerque 1951: Fig.
vergent. Ocellar triangle black, reaching to 17, 18.
insertion of orbital setae, with some setulae Measurements: Length of body, 8 mm
behind posterior ocellar setae. Vti strong (n= 1). Leng—th of wings, 8 mm (n = 1).
and parallel. Postocular row incomplete, Remarks. Adults have been collected in
reaching as single row just below mid level the afternoon on flowers an—d at night.
ofeye and composed ofblack setulae. Gena Type material examined. Holotype S in
—
below lowest eye margin equal to twice di- MNRJ labelled as follow: "35/Manaus no
ameter ofthe anterior ocellus. Palpi slender,
centro [in the center of the city]/ a noite [at
yellow.
night]/15.vi.933 [15 June 1933]/Ant. [An-
Thorax: Ground color yellow, scutum
tonio] Paes Filho" [hand label]; Souzalo-
dusted with whitish-grey. Dc 2:3; 5-6 rows
pesmyia/amazonica sp.n,/30.8.50 [30 Au-
of prst acr setulae; 11-12 rows of post acr
setulae. 1 proepistemal weak, about % gust 1950 [examined Albuquerque' date] /
D. Albuquerque det." [Albuquerque hand
length ofupper anepisternal setae. Posterior
ktps strong, about 2.5 times length of an- label]; "Holotipo [holotype]" [red label].
terior one. Scutellum with 1 strong pair of Specimen in good condition (Lopes et al.
apical and 1 subbasal setae; 1 preapical 1997). Right fore tarsi, median and hind
weak but stronger than ground setulae; disc legs missing. Segments of the abdomen
with setulae descending below strong setae; mounted on slide in Canada ba—lsam.
bare ventrally. Other examined material. Total: 1.
Legs: Yellow. Fore femur with complete BRAZIL. Amazonas: Manaus, Ant. Paes
rows ofAV and D setae; AD row weak and Filho, 26.V.1933 (1 9 allotype MNRJ).
— —
VOLUME 101, NUMBER 1 127
Souzalopesmyia carioca 1 AD preapical setae weaker than AV seta.
Albuquerque 1951 Hind tibia with 4 AV setae on apical half.
Wings: Clear, veins yellow. Membrane
Souzalopesmyia carioca Albuquerque
entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross-
1951:53; Pont 1972: 23 (Neotropical cat- vein r-m placed before point where vein Rl
alog); Carvalho et al. 1993: 85 (Neotrop- enters costa. Crossvein dm-cu oblique,
ical catalog). weakly curved in median part. Calypters
and haltere yellow.
Diagnosis. S. carioca is one ofthe larg- Abdomen: Ground-coloryellow; tergite 3
est Souzalopesmyia species and can be dis- and 4 each with blackish markings increas-
tinguished from the other species by the di- ing in size to posterior margin in posterior
vergent vti. The female has only 2 frontal view; tergite 5 blackish, except hind margin
setae. — (Albuquerque 1951: Fig. 3). A median
Description. Male: Head: Frons broad, black stripe on tergites 3, 4 and 5. Tergite
at narrowest point 0.24 of head width. Eye 4 and 5 with 2 strong apical setae.
with only normal pubescence. Fronto-orbit- Terminalia: See Albuquerque 1951: Fig.
al plate, parafacial, face and gena silvery 4-10.
mm
white. Fronto-orbital plate broad, broaden- Measurements: Length ofbody, 8 (n
ing gradually from vertex to lunula, at ver- = 1). Length of wings, 8 mm (n = 1).
tex plate almost equal to diameter of ante- Female: Differs from male as follows:
rior ocellus, at lunula 3 times diameter of Head: Frons at narrowest point 0.27
anterior ocellus. Frontal vitta broad, parallel times maximum head width. Frontal vitta
to vertex. 2 pairs of strong cruciate frontals broad, divergent to vertex. 2 pairs of strong
on lower % of frons; 1 strong orbital recli- frontals, cruciate. Ocellartriangle black, not
nate and divergent. Ocellar triangle reach- reaching insertion of 2nd pair of frontals.
Terminalia: See Albuquerque 1951: Fig.
ing to insertion of orbital setae. Vti strong,
14, 15.
divergent. Postoculars in a complete single mm
Measurements: Length of body, 8.5
brloawc,kreseatcuhlianeg. tGoeenpaisbteolmoewalnodwecsotmpeoyesemdaro-f (n=l). Length of wings, 8.—5 (n = 1).
Type material examined. Holotype S in
gin equal to twice diameter ofanterior ocel- MNRJ labelled as follow: "Grajahu/Rio de
lus. Palpi slender, yellow. Janeiro/Lopes [Hugo de Souza Lopes]-
Thorax: Ground-color yellow with scu- 6.1.40 [6 January 1940]"; Souzalopesmyia/
tum dusted with whitish grey. Dc 1:3; 6-7 carioca sp.n./30.8.50 [30 August 1950] [ex-
rows ofprst acr setulae; 1 1-12 rows ofpost amined Albuquerque date] /D. Albuquerque
acr setulae. 1 proepistemal seta very weak, det." [Albuquerque hand label]; "Holotipo
about half length of upper anepisternal se- [holotype]" [red label]. Specimen in good
tae. Posterior ktps strong, about twice condition (Lopes et al. 1997). Right wing
length of anterior one. Scutellum with 1 on a slide mounted attached of pin holo-
strong pair of apical and 1 subbasal setae; type. Segments of abdomen on a slide
1 preapical weak but stronger than ground mounted. —
setulae; disc with setulae descending below Other examined material. Total: 1.
strong setae; bare ventrally. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro,
Legs: Yellow. Fore femur with a com- H.S. Lopes, 6.VL1940 (1 9 allotype
plete row of AV, D and AD setae, latter MNRJ).
weakest. Mid femur with 2-3 PV setae in Souzalopesmyia paraensis
basal half, shorter than femoral depth. Mid Carvalho, new species
tibia with 2-3 P setae. Hind femur with 1 (Figs. 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 14, 15)
strong preapical AV seta, longer than fem- Diagnosis. Souzalopesmyia paraensis
oral depth; AD row complete; 1 PD, 1 D, can be distinguished from the other Souz-
128 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Figs. 1-6. 1-3, Male fifth sternite, dorsal view. 1. Souzalopesmyia paraensis. 2, 5. singularis. 3, S. sulina.
4-6, Cereal plate, dorsal view. 4, S. paraensis. 5, S. singularis. 6, S. sulina.
alopesmyia species by male cereal plate eye and reaching epistome, but 1-2 with
rounded in outline and fifth sternite without black setulae. Gena below lowest eye mar-
posterior depre—ssion. gin twice diameter ofanterior ocellus. Palpi
Description. Male: Head: Frons broad, slender, yellow.
at narrowest point 0.21 of head width. Eye Thorax: Ground-color yellow, dusted
with only normal pubescence. Fronto-orbit- with whitish grey. Dc 1:3; 7-8 rows ofprst
al plate, parafacial, face and gena silvery acr setulae; 10—1 1 rows of post acr setulae.
white. Fronto-orbital plate broad, broaden- 1 proepisternal seta weak, about % length
ing gradually from vertex to lunula, at ver- of the upper anepisternal setae. Posterior
tex plate less than diameterofanteriorocel- ktps strong, twice length of anterior one.
lus, at lunula 3 times diameter of anterior Scutellum with 1 strong pair of apical and
ocellus. Frontal vitta broad, parallel to ver- 1 subbasal setae, 1 preapical weak but
tex. 2 pairs of strong cruciate frontal setae stronger than ground setulae; disc with se-
on lower % of frons; 1 strong orbital recli- tulae descending below strong setae; bare
nate. Ocellar triangle reaching insertion of ventrally.
orbital setae. Vti strong, parallel. Postocu- Legs: Yellow. Fore femur with a com-
lars in a complete single row, reaching ep- plete row of AV and D setae; AD row
istome and composed of black and yellow weak. Mid femur with 2 PV setae in basal
setulae; latter beginning after basal half of half, not equal to femoral depth. Mid tibia
VOLUME 101. NUMBER 1 129
Figs. 7-12. 7-9. Epandrium. cereal plate and surstylus. lateral view. 7, Souzalopesinyia paraensis. 8. 5.
singiilaris. 9, S. siilina. 10-12. Phallus and associated structures, lateral view. 10. S. paraensis. 11.5. singiilahs.
12, S. siilina.
mm
with 3 P setae. Hind femur with 1 strong Measurements: Length of body, 8.5
preapical AV seta, longer than femoral (n = 1). Length of wings, 6.6 (n = 1).
depth; AD row complete; 1 PD, 1 D, 1 AD Female: Differs from male as follows:
preapical seta weaker than AV seta. Hind Head: Frons at narrowest point 0.31 of
tibia with 4 AV setae on apical half. head width. Frontal vitta broad, divergent
Wings: Clear, veins brownish. Membrane to vertex. 3 pairs ofstrong frontals, firstone
entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross- cruciate, second one reclinate and conver-
vein r-m placed before point where vein Rl gent and third one reclinate and divergent.
enters costa. Crossvein dm-cu oblique, al- Ocellar triangle black, not reaching inser-
most straight. Calypters and haltere yellow. tion of 3rd pair of frontals. Postoculars in a
Abdomen: Ground-color yellow; in pos- complete single row, with black setulae.
terior view with a narrow, slight, black Measurements: Length of body, 8.5-9.0
stripe on tergite 1 which is blackish and en- mm (n = 2). Length of wings, 7.0-7.7 mm
larged on tergites 3, 4 and 5. Tergite 4 and (n = 2). —
5 with 2 strong apical setae. Type material examined. Holotype 6 in
Terminalia: See Figs. 1, 4, 7, 10, 13. MPEG, labelled as follow: "Belem Mo-
—
130 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
cambo/ Ol-IV-1977"; "Brasil Para/A.Y. tum dusted with whitish-grey. Dc 1:3; 5-6
Harada." — rows of prst acr setulae; 9-10 rows of post
Other examined material. Total: 2 par- acr setulae. 1 proepisternal seta similar to
atypes: BRASIL. Para: Belem. A. Y. Ha- upper anepisternal setae. Posterior ktps
rada, 1.IV.1977 (1 9 DZUP); ibidem, same strong, twice length of anterior ones. Scu-
collector, 6.IV.1977 (1 9 MPEG). Speci- tellum with 1 strong pair of apical and 1
men in reasonable condition. Left fore and subbasal setae; 1 preapical weak, but stron-
right mid legs missing; left mid tarsi and ger than ground setulae; disc with setulae
hind right leg glued on to a card attached descending below strong setae; bare ven-
to the pin. trally.
Legs: Yellow. Fore femur with complete
Souzalopesmyia singidaris (Stein 1911) row ofAV and D setae; AD row weak. Mid
(Figs. 2, 5, 8, 11, 16) femur with 2 PV setae in basal half, less
Mydaea singidaris Stein 1911:91; Stein than femoral depth. Mid tibia with 3 P se-
1919: 124 (world catalog); Seguy 1937: tae. Hind femur with 1 strong preapical AV
282 (world catalog). seta, longer than femoral depth; AD row
AD
Peruvia singularis; Malloch 1929: 105 complete; 1 PD, 1 D, 1 preapical setae
(type species of Peruvia)\ Hennig 1965: weaker than AV seta. Hind tibia with 5 AV
Fig. 31 (tip of female ovipositor). setae on apical half.
Souzalopesmyia singularis; Pont 1972: 24 Wings: Clear, veins brownish. Membrane
(Neotropical catalog); Carvalho et al. entirely covered with microtrichia. Cross-
1993: 85 (Neotropical catalog). vein r-m placedjust before point where vein
Rl enters costa. Crossvein dm-cu oblique,
Diagnosis. Souzalopesmyia singularis almost straight. Calypters and haltere yel-
can be distinguished from the other Sou- low.
zalopesmyia species by posteriordepression Abdomen: Ground-color yellow; in pos-
on male fifth sternite and 2 cruciate frontal terior view with slight narrow black stripe
setae. — on tergite 1 which is enlarged on tergite 3,
Description. Male: Head: Frons broad, 4 and 5. Tergite 4 and 5 with 2 strong apical
at narrowest point 0.23 of head width. Eye setae.
with only normal pubescence. Fronto-orbit- Terminalia: See Figs. 2, 5, 8, 11.
mm
al plate, parafacial, face and gena silvery Measurements: Length ofbody, 8 (n
white. Fronto-orbital plate broad, broaden- = 1). Length of wings, 7.5 mm (n = 1).
ing gradually from vertex to lunula, at ver- Female: Differs from the male as fol-
tex plate less than diameter ofanteriorocel- lows: Head: Frons at narrowest point 0.32
lus, at lunula 2.5 times diameter of anterior times maximum head width. Frontal vitta
ocellus. Frontal vitta broad, parallel to ver- broad, divergent to vertex. 3 pairs of strong
tex. 2 pairs of strong cruciate frontals on frontals, first one cruciate, second one rec-
lower % of frons; 1 strong orbital reclinate. linate and convergent and third one recli-
Ocellar triangle reaching insertion oforbital nate and divergent. Ocellar triangle not
setae. Vti strong parallel. Postoculars in a reaching insertion of 3rd pair of frontals.
complete single row, reaching epistome and Postoculars in a complete single row of
composed of black and yellow setulae; lat- black setulae.
ter beginning after basal half of eye and Measurements: Length of body, 8.5-9.0
reaching epistome, but 1-2 with black se- (n = 3). Length of wings. 8.0-8. 5 mm (n
tulae. Gena below lowest eve margin equal = 3). Type material examined. Holotype
to 2.5 times diameterofthe anteriorocellus. male in SMT labelled as follow: "Bolivia-
Palpi slender, yellow. Mapiri/ 14.III.03 [hand written]/Sarampioni
m
Thorax: Ground-color yellow with scu- 700 [green label]": "Coll W. Schnuse/
—
VOLUME 101. NUMBER 131
r
15
Figs. 13-16. 13-15, Souzalopesmyia paraensis. 13. Hypandrium, dorsal view. 14, Proboscis, lateral view.
15. Ovipositor, ventral view. 16. Ovipositor of5. singiilohs. ventral view.
1911-3"; "Mydaea/singularis/ sp.n. [light Schnuse, III-1903 (2 9 SMT); S. Carlos, W.
green hand written label]: "Typus" [red la- Schnuse, 1-1901 (1 9 SMT).
bel]; "Staatl. Museum fur/ Tierlunde Dres-
Souzalopesmyia sulina
den." Specimen in good condition lacking
Carvalho, new species
the left hind leg and hind right tarsi. Ab-
domen in microvial with gly—cerine. (Figs. 3, 6, 9, 12)
Other examined material. Total: 3. BO- Diagnosis. Souzalopesmyia sulina is
LIVIA: Mapiri, Sarapioni, 700-800 m, W. one ofthe smallest Souzalopesmyia species.
132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
It can be distinguished from the other Souz- Rl enters costa. Crossvein dm-cu oblique,
alopesmyia species by deeply posterior de- almost straight. Calypters and haltere yel-
pression on male fifth sternite and 2 frontal low.
setae, latter rec—linate. Abdomen: Ground-color yellow; in pos-
Description. Male: Head: Frons broad, terior view with a narrow black stripe on
at narrowest point 0.25 of head width. Eye tergite 1 which is enlarged on tergite 3, 4
with only normal pubescence. Fronto-orbit- and 5. Tergite 4 and 5 with 2 strong apical
al plate, parafacial, face and gena silvery setae.
white. Fronto-orbital plate broad, broaden- Terminalia: See Figs. 3, 6, 9, 12.
ing gradually from vertex to lunula, at ver- Measurements: Length of body, 6.5-8.0
tex plate about equal to diameter ofanterior mm (n = 5). Length of wings, 6.5-7.7 mm
ocellus, at lunula 2.5 times diameter of an- (n = 5).
terior ocellus. Frontal vitta broad, parallel Female: Unknown.
—
to vertex. 2 pairs of strong frontal setae on Remarks. Adults have been collected
lower % of frons; former cruciate and latter with Malaise traps. —
reclinate; 1 strong orbital reclinate and di- Type material examined. Holotype 6 in
vergent. Ocellar triangle black, reaching in- MHPA labelled as follow; "Depto Caninde-
sertion of orbital setae. Vti strong and par- yu/Reserva Natural del Bosque/Mbaracayu:
allel. Postoculars in a complete single row, Jejui-mi/Malaise 3, bosque bajo inundado/
reaching epistome and composed of black Coh-. A.C.F Costa/ 10-18.VIV1996 [18 July
and yellow setulae; latter beginning after 1996]"; "Holotipo [holotype]"—[red label].
basal halfofeye and reaching epistome, but Other material examined. Total: four
1-2 with black setulae. Gena below lowest paratypes. Same label ofthe holotype: 2 S,
eye margin twice diameter of anterior ocel- 10-18 July 1996 [DZUP MHPA], 2 c?, 18-
lus. Palpi slender, yellow. 28 July 1996 [DZUP, MHPA].
Thorax: Ground-color yellow with scu-
tum dusted with whitish-grey, more evident
in pre sutural area. Dc: 1:3; 5-6 rows of Discussion
prst acr setulae: 11-12 rows of post acr se- Phylogenetic Analysis
tulae. 1 proepistemal seta strong, similar to
upper anepisternal setae. Posteriorktps very Phylogenetic studies on Muscidae are
strong, about 3 times length ofanterior one. still scarce (Carvalho 1989d). The family
Scutellum with 1 strong pair of apical and contains about 200 genera with well over
1 subbasal setae; 1 preapical weak but 4,000 species worldwide (Pont 1989, Car-
stronger than ground setulae; disc with se- valho et al. 1993). The family is undoubt-
tulae descending below strong setae; bare edly monophyletic (Hennig 1965, Mc-
ventrally. Alpine 1989, Michelsen 1991), but histori-
Legs: Yellow. Fore femur with complete cally the Muscidae has included groups that
rows of AV and D setae; AD row weak. are doubtfully monophyletic (Carvalho
Mid femur with 2-3 PV setae in basal half, 1989d).
less than femoral depth. Mid tibia with 3- Several genera ofPhaoniinae in the Neo-
4 P setae. Hind femur with 1 strong preap- tropics (Pont 1972), a paraphyletic subfam-
ical AV seta, longerthan femoral depth; AD ily pointed by Hennig (1965) and recently
row weak and complete; PD, D, AD by Carvalho (1989b), were transferred to
1 1 1
preapical seta weaker than AV seta. Hind other subfamilies (Carvalho 1985, 1989a,
tibia with 4-5 AV setae on apical half. 1989b, 1989c, Couri and Lopes 1986, Car-
Wings: Clear, veins brownish. Membrane valho & Pont 1998). Currently the subfam-
entirely covered with microtrichia, cross- ily in the region has only four genera (Car-
vein r-m placedjust before point where vein valho et al. 1993): Dolichophaonia Carva-