Review of the Federal Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety Research PDF
Preview Review of the Federal Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety Research
ee us i s are trd. Plea ke eaert ge bry ins Summary of the Workshop Paall s. ent ed ting filesetbeen acci on Structural Nanomaterials al typhave June 20–21, 2001 ginay Washington, D.C. orim he ors m terr k, not froographic op oy Robert Dowding per bme t Delcie Durham ao ps original ed, and NATINOANTAILO MNAALT ERREISAELASR ACDHV CISOOURNYC BILOARD he ain m tret oe ed frat bnnot ea es crer, c L filwev Mo Xh m g, ed fromattin en recomposg-specific forn. eno the original work has bation of and other typesettiding styles, for attributiauthoritative version epresentaks, hean as the digital rord breblicatio PDF file: This new nal; line lengths, wnt version of this pu NATIONWAaLsh AinCgtAoDn,E DM.CY. PRESS About this to the origiuse the pri ee us ii s are trd. Plea es. Page breakally insertedent GaNmMTnhrOeedoemd Tu dwibncIoeoidC nrnr sEIekon .sa:tt h renTeolelh pdiceg erw easwnwsaoacsnrr ecik lfCosyrnhoe rdomneuptf ec lttrehth.ece aAdt tc t nbohisyyue t notvhhcpieieei ln swsNui oosba nfotj iestfo,hc nttfeh ia oneNlfd Moaitrnhtigagiostasne n,sra iuiclza moaAlnstmi ccoAalanuddrssyev imo oiwsrnyo asa rs,ogy ofea BrnpS cropceiariecoersodnv mt ceuhedmnas tdb,e peytnhrr dt eoGha vNetrii adoGanentoitdso vN neseuxaorplpn. pAriDneocAsgrast SBe dfdCeoo mra0i nr2tyd h-t he0oo i1fpfs - E rtPpohnu-jeg0eb ci0Nlnit3c.ae8atei trofiironnonagm l,a R artenhe detsh eUtoahsr.eSce h I.o n AfCs ttroihmtueuyn tae cNu iolta,hf twoiorhsnoasle ting filesetbeen acci A3CC5oov0vpa5ieyl;rra :inb gImlhleltau ib2snt@0 rl0ainmt1ia oibstn.eye d odt hfus eua; p hNtphttalepytri: mo/f/rnwaoalmw ls Aw pNrc.aanaytadi soeg.nmeuadnylu cM/oonfuma Srteatcerbisieaynl sco eAfs S.d tAveiplslho reriygn h BRtsoi darderdsee,r ,r2 vN1e0ad1t.i oCnoanl sItnitsutittiuotne Aofv eSntauned NarWds, aWndas Theincghtnoonl,o DgyC. 20418; 202–334– al typhave Printed in the United States of America ginay orim he ors m terr k, not froographic op oy er bme t p ao ps original ed, and he ain m tret oe ed frat bnnot ea es crer, c L filwev Mo Xh m g, ed fromattin en recomposg-specific forn. eno the original work has bation of and other typesettiding styles, for attributiauthoritative version epresentaks, hean as the digital rord breblicatio e: This new e lengths, won of this pu PDF filnal; linnt versi About this to the origiuse the pri ee us iii s are trd. Plea ke eaert ge bry ins s. Paentall ed ting filet accien se eb al typhave ginay orim he ors m terr The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished er book, not frome typographic stCseccocihehnonngltoairfelrioscsg s ea yinn ndag na1tdeg8c e6thod3n ,tii hcnthae slie rcm Aiueascntetate idfrfoesir.c m D tahyrne. d Bgh eeraunnscge aeri an mAle waelbnreeidlnrfatgastr eries e.t shpUeraeapts roricnedh qet,nhu dtei ero aedfus it cthihateo t teNroid taay ttdi ooov nfti hastlhee Ae ft huccaehrtd ahfereemtderraye n rgoacrflae Sng octoefive dsen ctrcoinee smint. cebeny ta tonhnde p ao ps The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy original ed, and othfe S sceileenccteiosn, aosf a i tpsa mraelmlelb oerrgs,a snhizaaritniogn w oift ho uthtset aNnadtiinogn aeln Agicnaedeersm. yIt oisf Sauctioennocemso tuhse irne siptso andsmibiinliitsyt rfaotrio and vanisdi nign he ain the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at m tret meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of oe ed frat bnnot engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. ea The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the es crer, c services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to L filwev the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of XMho Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, m g, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute d fromattin of Medicine. e omposcific for Tthhee b Nroaatdio cnoaml mReusneiatyr cohf sCcoieunnccei la nwda ste ocrhgnaonliozgeyd wbyit hth teh eN Aatcioadneaml Ayc’sa dpeumrpyo soefs S ocfi efnucrtehse irnin 1g9 k1n6o two laesdsgoec iaantde en recg-spen. advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the eno Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of the original work has bation of and other typesettiding styles,itative version for attributiauthor StIowhnfcwe sitt ehwsintecu.c inNteeeansa t ottiaiioffno inMdcna aatellh-nd aeRdi cc eNeaisnndaeegteai.imr onDcnehiraee. l Csr BA.ioonrcruguagn ccdceoei Almm. lmyb euornft siEt ainengsd.i nTDeher.er Wi Cngmo ui.nn A cp.ir lWo ivsu iadlfdi nmagrie ns ceishrtvaeiircremeds a jtnoo i anthntledy g vboiycv eeb rconhtmha iAernmcta,a dnthe, emr episeupsbe lacintcid,v aetnlhyde, epresentaks, hean as the digital rord breblicatio e: This new e lengths, won of this pu About this PDF filto the original; linuse the print versi ee us iv s are trd. Plea ke eaert ge bry ins NATIONAL MATERIALS ADVISORY BOARD Paall s. ent EDGAR A.STARKE, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Chair ed ting filesetbeen acci ETHHDAOWMMAISARHSD F ECRA.ADGSOAEWRR,L, MTINhaeGs sO,a Cchhiloeuv sSeetltaatstne dI Un Csntliiitvfufetsre,s Iiotnfyc ,T. ,Ce Ccohlleunvmoelbloaugnsyd,, , O COhahimoiobridge al typhave AMLAARSTTIANI ER. GML.GICLKASSMS,A LNu,c Renetn Tsseeclhanero lPoogliyetse,c Mhnuircr aInys Htitiullt,e N, Tewro yJe, rNseeyw York ginay JOHN A.S.GREEN, The Aluminum Association, Washington, D.C. m the orierrors m TAHLOLAMNA JS. JHAACROTBWSOICNK, ,U TnRivWer s(irteyt ioref dH),o Sunstoohno, mHioshu,s tWona,s Theinxgatson k, not froographic MSFYRICALHVNAIKAE E ML.K .JJAAOFRHFANESS,Z NO, eNUw,n NiJveAersrSseAiyty -CA oemfn Mteesra Rsfosears ceBhaiurocsmhet aCtstee, rnAitaemlrs,h aMenrsdot f,M fMeettad sFisciaeaclld hD,u eCsveatiltcisefos,r nPiiascataway, New Jersey ooyp SHEILA F.KIA, General Motors Research and Development, Warren, Michigan er bme t HARRY A.LIPSITT, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio p ao ALAN G.MILLER, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, Seattle, Washington ps he original ained, and RJHUOELNBIRAERY PT HR CIAL.CPLFKIPA, SHC, lLSe,ma Mnsdooinato NUroanltiaivo, enSracslih tLayu,a mCbolbereamrtgos,or iInel,ls i,Sn Aoouilsbthu qCuaerroqluinea, New Mexico m tret KENNETH L.REIFSNIDER, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia oe T.S.SUDARSHAN, Modification, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia ed frat bnnot JULIA WEERTMAN, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois ea es crer, c Staff ML filowev TONI MARECHAUX, Director Xh m g, ARUL MOZHI, Associate Director ed fromattin JJAUNLIIUCSE CPR.CIHSCAON,G P,r Pojreocgtr Aamss Oistfafincter en recomposg-specific forn. eno the original work has bation of and other typesettiding styles, for attributiauthoritative version epresentaks, hean as the digital rord breblicatio e: This new e lengths, won of this pu PDF filnal; linnt versi About this to the origiuse the pri ee us PREFACE v s are trd. Plea ke eaert ge bry ins Preface Paall s. ent ed ting filesetbeen acci original typmay have NatioTnhael MWaoterkrisahlso pA dovni sSortryu cBtouarardl N(NaMnoAmBat)e orifa ltsh,e pNlaantinoenda la Rnde seoarrgcahn iCzeodu nbcyil (thNeR Cm)e, mwbaesr sc oannddu cstteadf fu nodf etrh ae he ors contract with the U.S. Army’s National Ground Intelligence Center (NGIC). NGIC sponsored the workshop to m terr help its Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies Working Group, under the auspices of the k, not froographic pnSaocniienontm”t iafaitrcee raaiasn ldsth . TaNte GcahrIenC i dciaenlet emInnedtdesl lctiorgi etuincscaeel tChtoeo tmihnemp usittct iegeean,i tniifdeiedcn , fttriefoycmh t nhtohel iosk gewiyco aerlnk, asahbnoldipn gcao stm eacm hgneuroicdlioeag l aieansdd,v jaruennfcecertmeunreecnset, ioannf dds rt“arucfthcitonukgre aa-l op er bome ty classiTfiheed wreoprokrsth oonp thfoec tuescehdn oolno gnya nstoamtuast eorfi anlasn hoamvaintegr iparlos,p werittihe sa np aermtipcuhlaasrilsy o snu sittarubcletu froarl nsatrnuocmtuartaelr iaaplps.lications. p ao ps Appendix A lists the workshop participants and the agenda. The objectives of this workshop were as follows: original ed, and (cid:127) Develop a consistent definition of the terms used in the field, to include nanoscale, nanotechnology, he ain nanoscience, nanophase, nanoparticle, nanotube, nanolayer, nanomaterial, nanostructure, and m tret nanostructural material. oe ed frat bnnot (cid:127) aIdreeanst:ify the scientific and technological challenges and the commercial opportunities in the following ea es crer, c (cid:127) Synthesis of nanomaterial building blocks, L filwev (cid:127) Assembly of nanomaterials from the building blocks, XMho (cid:127) Characterization of nanomaterials, and m g, (cid:127) Potential structural applications of nanomaterials. een recomposed frong-specific formattinon. (cid:127)(cid:127) DccnDuhaisrenercmoteeumnirscmtsa a tikllene earveiyn ae dllets hxp.o eahIf mdy emsupninlcatediajsfoely rroc stfhth baaseanrt rardrurceiicntqeetgururs iir rzoaeatlfmo t ni oteahnsnnec.to siIme sdtnyoeats ntiotefetivirmcfieya r,l cusinop nstmadcereiretedri csntihtuscacelenai pbdrallainyinrnd rga iw tereyriacst nhh.isd ns roueltesoespcg.ehycn.t o Fltooorg eiscyaacnlht h euextsiailsimt, ypa lseos fei dmesbntrltuyifc,y tu atrnhadel the original work has bation of and other typesettiding styles, for attributiauthoritative version folloCTwThhihorneimgs aBNisne MGdrniaAvdttieB,ds S,u UsNatlNAasf,YS fw A Swh tLoooan unpylgrd Bel eprlyoai koRreeked st eopa rrecthshea Cnnetkan ttaieolrln st:hose who attended the workshop (see Appendix B), and the epresentaks, hean as the digital rord breblicatio e: This new e lengths, won of this pu PDF filnal; linnt versi About this to the origiuse the pri ee us PREFACE vi s are trd. Plea eakerte Maurice Gell, University of Connecticut ge bry ins Terence Langdon, University of Southern California Paall Evan Ma, Johns Hopkins University s. ent Sara Majetich, Carnegie Mellon University ed ting filesetbeen acci GMWeeaorlfrtefilrree May MMillaiagylaaofn,s ,Pk Meyn,i ncTsheyicglhvananno Tilaoe gcSyht anItnoetl eoUlglniigcivaeeln rUcseint yIivneterrsnitaytional al typhave Joseph W.Piche, Eikos Inc. ginay James Rawers, Albany Research Center, Department of Energy orim he ors Stephen Ridder, National Institute of Standards and Technology m terr Ganesh Skandan, Nanopowder Enterprises k, not froographic TK.lSa.uSsu Tdoarmshaannts,c Mhgaeter,r iIanltse gMraond iTfieccahtinoonl oIngcie.s op Julia Weertman, Northwestern University oy er bme t Norman Wereley, University of Maryland p paso Danny Xiao, Inframat Corporation original ed, and JNacMkiAe YBi ntgh,a Mnkasss atchheu sseetstss iIonnst itcuhtea iorfs :T eJcuhlinao loWgyeertman, Northwestern University; T.S. Sudarshan, Materials he ain Modification Inc.; Delcie Durham, National Science Foundation; Robert Dowding, Army Research Laboratory; m tret Lawrence Kabacoff, Office of Naval Research, and Thomas Gates, NASA-Langley Research Center. It is oe ed frat bnnot tphaer twicourlkarslhyo gpr sautemfuml atroy D. Dr.r .D Souwddairnshga ann adn Dd rP. rDofuershsaomr W foere artcmtianng wase rteh ei nwvaolrukasbhloep a’ss craop-cphoartiersu rosf athned wfoorr kpsrehpoapr.ing es creer, ca technTichails esxupmermtiasery, inh aasc cboeredna nrceev iwewitehd p rino cderdaufrte sfo arpmp rboyv eidn dbiyv itdhuea Nlsa tcihoonsael nR feosre atrhcehi rC doiuvnecrsile’ sp (eNrsRpCec’tsi)v Rese paonrdt L filwev Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will Mo Xh assist the institution in making its published summary as sound as possible and to ensure that the summary meets ed from matting, icnosmtimtuetinotnsa al nsdt adnrdaaftr dms afnours corbipjet crteivmitayi,n ecvoindfeindceen,t iaaln tdo rpersoptoecnts itvheen ienstse gtroi tyth oe f wthoer kdsehliobpe roabtijveec tpivroesc.e sTs.h eW ree vwiieswh en recomposg-specific forn. tTnooh tot hmsaAeanels kt th Ghotehau etgfe ihsnf, oa tNllhl eodA wrrSaeifAnvt gi oeL wfia nntedhgrieslv e lisyidus uRtmeaedlmss eaafabroyrocr v hbte ehC fehoeiarrnv etep ei ratp;sr rt aiorncevidlpie dHaaetseideon .nm rTy ai hnRne ya t rchcekeov, n irCesewtlvreiu meocwfst io vthnoei f Us c tonshumiivsmm esmresuniamtrtysym. awanradys : s ouMvgeigkresese teDionan vbse,y y thG, eNayn RedCsihd; the original work has beation of and other typesettinding styles, for attributioauthoritative version 3Scpsue7rkorm1atca8nmei.dCndaao urnmryt,he mrNsae taae stnnnasodtn sep ntoaihntnwiadrdtdee laepsylruel g wnErgdenietevthsnei tertti phwoeren ix sscra eaommspm.p aiAmnoyar petbtpneieouot snris ns ew tonaeeftnd r dv etb hitaychi as eet rh -eismenfuu smaNtliillamty ut tiatocoiroo nyNnna s.Mlwi dRaAeesrBs eec daaa.r trc RrNhiee MsdCp oAoounBunst@ci biilinn,l aihtsaye.c e cwfdoouarr s dot ahrren ebsc pfyeio nfnwaaslxii tb chtloo en i (nfte2osn0rti t2tm u)o taf3ik o3tinh4nai–gsl epresentaks, hean as the digital rord breblicatio e: This new e lengths, won of this pu PDF filnal; linnt versi About this to the origiuse the pri ee us CONTENTS vii s are trd. Plea ke eaert ge bry ins Contents Paall s. ent ed ting filesetbeen acci al typhave originmay INTRODUCTION 1 he ors m terr SESSION 1: SYNTHESIS, ASSEMBLY, AND PROCESSING 3 k, not froographic SESSION 2: FABRICATION AND PRODUCTION 9 op er bome ty SESSION 3: APPLICATIONS 17 p ao ps SESSION 4: STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES, AND CHARACTERIZATION 23 original ed, and SESSION 5: MODELING AND SIMULATION 25 he ain m tret WORKSHOP WRAP-UP 29 oe ed frat bnnot APPENDIXES 31 ea A WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS AND AGENDA 33 es crer, c B LIST OF ATTENDEES 39 L filwev Mo Xh m g, ed fromattin en recomposg-specific forn. eno the original work has bation of and other typesettiding styles, for attributiauthoritative version epresentaks, hean as the digital rord breblicatio e: This new e lengths, won of this pu PDF filnal; linnt versi About this to the origiuse the pri ee us INTRODUCTION 1 s are trd. Plea ke eaert ge bry ins Introduction Paall s. ent ed ting filesetbeen acci original typmay have of heJru lciao -Wcheaeirr,t mTa.Sn .Sofu dNaorsrhthawn eostfe rMn aUtenriivaelsr siMtyo odpifeincaetdi otnh eI nwco.,r kNshaotipo nbayl wMealcteormiailns gA thdev ipsoarrtyi cBipoaanrtds o(Nn MbeAhaBlf) he ors project director Julius Chang, and the NMAB staff. Before describing the goals and hoped-for outcomes of the m terr workshop, she briefly went through the many materials-related terms that involve the prefix “nano.” Most of k, not froographic nothnaenes oetf ee“canhtaunnrooel- oX(gX”y ) t aehsrm ausss e—ad eil.negn t.g,h tenh ap nrsoecssacelanel te lc,e onsnsa tnetoxhpta hnrea fs~ee1r,s 0n t0ao n ntohmlea .yp erNro,ad nnuaocnstiocoimnen aactneedr i aiusls , etn hoaenf otshscetir eunncactnueo r-eoX—fs .itnhdei cnaaten oth-Xats ,a tw lehailset op er bome ty Professor Weertman listed the topics and goals to be addressed: p ao ps (cid:127) Synthesis and assembly of nanomaterial building blocks; original ed, and (cid:127)(cid:127) CExhaamrapctleersi zoaf tsiotrnu cotfu nraaln noamnaotmeraiatelsri;als currently in use; he ain (cid:127) Potential applications of nanomaterials; m tret (cid:127) Gaps in understanding of synthesis, assembly, chemical, and physical characterization and the need for oe ed frat bnnot (cid:127) Iadne nintitfeircdaitsicoinp loinf athrye a“pshporowasctho;p apnedrs”—major barriers to utilization of nanomaterials. ea es crer, c The workshop then moved on to the first session, on synthesis, assembly, and processing. L filwev Mo Xh m g, ed fromattin en recomposg-specific forn. eno the original work has bation of and other typesettiding styles, for attributiauthoritative version epresentaks, hean as the digital rord breblicatio e: This new e lengths, won of this pu PDF filnal; linnt versi About this to the origiuse the pri ee us INTRODUCTION 2 s are trd. Plea ke eaert ge bry ins Paall s. ent ed ting filesetbeen acci al typhave ginay orim he ors m terr k, not froographic op oy er bme t p ao ps original ed, and he ain m tret oe ed frat bnnot ea es crer, c L filwev Mo Xh m g, ed fromattin en recomposg-specific forn. eno the original work has bation of and other typesettiding styles, for attributiauthoritative version epresentaks, hean as the digital rord breblicatio e: This new e lengths, won of this pu PDF filnal; linnt versi About this to the origiuse the pri
The list of books you might like
