Review of Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875 (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

2008·4.3 MB·English

by  Fedor V. Konstantinov

PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10024
Number 3607, 44 pp., 9 figures April 9, 2008
Review of Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875
(Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae)
FEDOR V. KONSTANTINOV1
ABSTRACT
Key, descriptions, data on distribution and host plants are given for all 16 known species of
SolenoxyphusReuter,1875,includingthreenewones:Solenoxyphusanabasius,n.sp.(Kazakhstan),
S.salsolae,n.sp.(Mongolia),andS.kerzhneri,n.sp.(Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan).Thegenericname
Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875 is synonymized with Leucopterum Reuter, 1879. The following new
synonymiesareestablished:L.candidatum(Reuter,1879)5L.longicolle(Reuter,1879),S.lepidus
(Puton,1874)5S.minorWagner,1969,andS.alkaniO¨nder,19755S.markevichiPutshkov,1978.
S.adspersus(Reuter,1904)isremovedfromsynonymyandconsideredavalidspecies.
INTRODUCTION structure of the clypeus, length of labium,
and length of third tarsal segment. Carapezza
The name Solenoxyphus was published by (1997)correctlypointedoutthatthedegreeof
Reuter in 1875 while genera Malthacosoma concavity in the prosternal xyphus, as well as
and Leucopterum were described by the same the degree of development of the suture
author four years later (Reuter, 1879). between the frons and clypeus is of limited
According to Reuter’s descriptions, all these systematic relevance. Therefore he synony-
genera, especially Malthacosoma and mizedMalthacosomawithSolenoxyphusbased
Leucopterum, are closely related to each other on almost identical color pattern, vestiture,
but differ in the structure of the prosternal pretarsal structure, and male genitalia. Thus
xyphus, width, and length of the head, themodernconceptofSolenoxyphuscompris-
1PostdoctoralResearcher,ZoologicalInstitute,RussianAcademyofSciences;Assistantprofessor,St.PetersburgState
University,DepartmentofEntomology ([email protected]).
CopyrightEAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory2008 ISSN0003-0082
2 AMERICAN MUSEUMNOVITATES NO. 3607
es eight species, excluding Solenoxyphus sau- but irregularly shaped colored areas. Unless
ledai (Ribes, 1976), which was synonymized otherwise stated, all scale bars are 0.05 mm.
with Psallopsis femoralis (Ribes et al., 2004). Specimen measurements are given for five
Leucopterumisasmall host-specificphyline specimens of each sex taken from across the
genus currently including seven species. The distributional range in all cases where suffi-
distribution is principally Irano-Turanian; cient material was available.
four species are found in Mongolia and one Bar code labels, which uniquely identify
is recorded from northwest China. The genus each specimen, were attached to the speci-
hasnotbeenrevisedanditsrelationshipswith mens, and are referred to as unique specimen
other genera were not discussed since the identifiers (USIs). Generally each USI label
original description (Reuter, 1879). Careful corresponds to a single specimen; however,
investigationofallspeciesofLeucopterumand some USI labels correspond to two or three
Solenoxyphus allows me to conclude that they specimens in cases in which several specimens
are congeneric. All the distinctive features of are mounted on one pin. Because of the long
Leucopterum indicated by Reuter, specifically period over which specimens were examined
thecomparativelylonglabium,broadclypeus, forthisstudy,USIlabelswerenotattachedto
prosternal xyphus with sharp margins, and someloanedspecimens.Asawayofaccessing
additional information, such as color photo-
shortened third tarsal segment, vary within
graphs, specimens dissected, notes, collecting
both genera and cannot be viewed as diag-
method, and specimens photographed for
nostic.SolenoxyphusandLeucopterumsharea
specimens examined in the Planetary
commoncolorpattern,similarpretarsalstruc-
Biodiversity Inventories Project on Plant
ture, and male genitalia. In both genera the
Bugs and the present paper please refer to
vesica has a thin and more or less straight
the www.discoverlife.org website. During the
apical process, a weakly sclerotized step-
last century many toponyms in Russia and
shaped projection behind the secondary gon-
Middle Asian countries were renamed, some-
opore, and the secondary gonopore is bor-
times several times. The borders between
dered by a remarkable series of teeth. The
countries, provinces, and districts have also
peculiar structure of the vesica is unique for
changed through time. Thus the exact data
PalaearcticPhyliniandisthereforeconsidered
labels often became a source of long-standing
diagnostic for the group. Based on the
confusion. The original locality data is given
foregoing features the genus Leucopterum
in square brackets if it differs from currently
Reuter, 1879 is synonymized with Solenoxy-
existing toponyms (see specimens examined).
phus Reuter, 1875.
Unless otherwise stated, all examined spec-
Examination of the extensive material
imens including types of new species are
housed in the collection of Zoological
retained in the Zoological Institute, St.
Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences,
Petersburg. Abbreviations of institutions and
makes it possible to provide a key to species,
private collections for loaned material are
aswellastoclarifytheirdistribution.Inorder
given as follows:
tosimplifydetermination,briefmorphological
descriptions with notes on distribution and AC CollectionofProf.AttilioCarapezza,
host plants are given for each species. Exact Palermo,Italy.
identifications of females in some cases will AMNH American Museum of Natural
require association with males. The key is History,New York, USA.
designed for use with male specimens, al- BMNH MuseumofNaturalHistory,London,
though it will work for females of most GreatBritain.
JR CollectionofDr.JordiRibes,Barce-
species. Species treatments are presented in
lona, Spain.
alphabetical order. The territories from which
MNHN Muse´um National d’Histoire Natu-
a species is recorded for the first time are
relle,Paris, France.
marked with asterisks.
UASK InstituteofZoology,UkrainianAcad-
The term dots is used in the descriptions to emyofSciences,Kiev,Ukraine.
denotesmall,usuallyround,variouslycolored ZMMU ZoologicalMuseum,MoscowLomo-
spots, while spots is reserved to indicate small nosovState University,Russia.
2008 KONSTANTINOV: REVIEWOFSOLENOXYPHUS 3
Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875 STRUCTURE: Elongate or elongate-oval,
small bugs (1.7–5.0 mm). Males more or less
parallel-sided, females smaller and more
Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875: 93. Type species by mono-
typy:MacrocoleuslepidusPuton,1874. stumpy. Head (fig. 51) wider than high,
MalthacosomaReuter,1879:253–254(syn.byCarapezza, declivent, weakly projecting beyond eyes.
1997:166).Typespeciesbymonotypy:Malthacosoma Clypeus prominent, but usually not visible in
punctipenneReuter,1879.
dorsal view. Antennae thin; length of second
Leucopterum Reuter, 1879: 259, n. syn. Type species by
segment usually subequal to width of prono-
subsequent designation (Kirkaldy, 1906: 126):
Leucopterum fasciatum Reuter, 1879 (5Leucopterum tuminmalesandsubequaltowidthofheadin
candidatumReuter,1879). females, sometimes segment much shorter.
Labium of variable length, reaching from
DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished by the shape of middle coxae to seventh abdominal segment,
the vesica with apex abruptly narrowed just apically darkened. Pronotum transverse, usu-
beyond secondary gonopore, forming weakly ally 2.0–2.3 3 as wide as long, with indistinct
sclerotized step-shaped projection; apical pro- calli. Metathoracic scent-gland evaporatory
cess thin and more or less straight, with area as in figs. 53, 54. Forewings usually well
slightly curved apex; area adjacent to second- developed,onlyfemalesofS.anabasiusandS.
ary gonopore remarkably dentate. Tarsal nanophyti with shortened forewings.
apices and claws darkened. MALE GENITALIA: Genital segment and
Solenoxyphus spp. are most similar in color parameres of typical structure. Right para-
pattern, measurements, and vestiture to mere (figs. 24, 35, 42) small, spoon-shaped,
Compsidolon Reuter, 1899, Compsonannus strongly flattened, with indistinct apical pro-
Reuter, 1902, Taeniophorus Linnavuori, 1952, cess. Left paramere (figs. 25, 36, 43) strongly
Camptotylidea Wagner, 1957, and Psallopsis excavated, with well-developed apical process
Reuter,1901.Representativesofthelastgenus and sensory lobe. Vesica S-shaped, with
differ from Solenoxyphus in the maculate abrupt steplike narrowing at apex. Secondary
pattern of the membrane, small pulvilli, and gonopore with well-developed sculpture, re-
structure of the vesica. Compsonannus differs markableseriesofteethlaterallyinallspecies,
from Solenoxyphus in the maculate second except S. anabasius (figs. 40, 41), and dentate
antennal segment, structure of the vesica, and area proximally; number of denticles varying
characteristic mottling on the membrane, within a species. Apical process of vesica thin
similar to that of Psallopsis. In contrast to and pointed, rarely blunt and covered with
Solenoxyphus, the dorsal surface in Com- minute spinules. Vesica usually with more or
psidolon is covered with spots in addition to lessdevelopedlongitudinalflange(figs. 22,23)
dots,andthesecondarygonoporeislocatedfar running from base toward secondary gono-
from the apex of vesica. The dotting of the pore. Tarsi thin, second and third tarsal
dorsal surface in Solenoxyphus somewhat segments subequal in length (figs. 45–50).
resembles that of the monotypic genus Claws slender, weakly curving apically
Taeniophorus and some species of Camptoty- (figs. 26–29). Pulvillus relatively small, reach-
lidea, e.g., C. alba (Reuter, 1879) and C. ing half the length of claw.
albovittata(Reuter,1903).However,thesetaxa COLORATION: Background body color nat-
differ from Solenoxyphus in the remarkably urallygreenish;yellowish,greenishorwhitish,
long pulvilli, extending almost to the apex of rarely (S. asanovae) in part embrowned in dry
the claw, the structure of the vesica, and specimens. Head and antennae entirely pale,
associationwithvariousFabaceaehostplants. onlyinS.asanovaefirstantennalsegmentand
DESCRIPTION:VESTITURE: Bodywithsimple ventral side of head darkened. Pronotum and
silver setae (fig. 52), dorsal surface in some scutellum uniformly pale, rarely covered with
species partly covered with pale brown setae. brown to pale brown dotting. Thorax pale,
Setae straight or somewhat curved, usually rarelypartlyembrowned,browninthedarkest
adpressed but sometimes semierect. Genae specimens of S. asanovae. Color pattern of
under eyes and coxae laterally with contrast- forewings usually composed of more or less
ingly long and erect silver setae. regular pale brown to brown dotting. In S.
4 AMERICAN MUSEUMNOVITATES NO. 3607
candidatus,thisdottingabsent,forewingswith – Hind femora pale or darkened; dots on hind
transversepalebrownbandatapexofcorium. femora,ifpresent,similarinsizeandcolorto
Membrane rarely whitish, milky hyaline, thoseonforewings.Incasesofdoubtdotting
on basal partof cuneus well developed.. . 6
usually more or less embrowned, often with
4. Labium slightly surpassing middle coxae. In
pale brown wedge-shaped lateral spot behind
males,eyeslarge,vertex1.1–1.23aswideas
apex of cuneus. Femora usually pale, rarely
eye. Whole cuneus covered with minute and
partly embrowned, often covered with dots. regularlydistributedpalebrowndots.Length
Tibiae pale, with minutedark dotsat bases of more than3.8mm. .. .. . . S.alkani O¨nder
spines. Tibial spines pale or slightly em- – Labium always surpassing hind coxae. In
browned. males,eyessmaller,vertex1.4–1.63aswide
HOST PLANTS: Species of the genus inhabit as eye. Length lessthan3.8 mm... .. .. . 5
5. Apical process of vesica long, thin and acute,
deserts and semideserts. Nearly all representa-
withsomewhatcurvedapex,distinctlylonger
tives are specialized feeders of Chenopodi-
than width of vesica basal to secondary
aceae. Only S. alkani was collected from
gonopore (figs. 13–15). Basal part of cuneus
Cousinia sp. (Asteraceae). Artemisia sp.
usually with reduceddotting (figs.62, 65)..
(Asteraceae) was reported as host plant for S. . .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .S.lepidus (Puton)
artemisiae, S. candidates, and S. lepidus, – Apical process of vesica comparatively robust
although plants of the family Chenopodiaceae and shortened, straight, nearly as long as
are known as hosts for all three species. It width of vesica basal to secondary gonopore
seems likely, therefore, that specimens found (fig. 16). Whole cuneus covered with minute
pale browndots(fig. 57).. .. .. .. .. .. ..
onArtemisiawereaccidentallycollected.
. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . S.artemisiae Putshkov
6. Forewingswiththindarkenedsetaeinaddition
to silver ones. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . 7
KEY TO SPECIES – Dorsumonlywith silversetae.. .. .. .. .. 10
7. Pronotum and scutellum covered with dots (in
the palest specimens recognizable only at
1. Smaller. Body length 1.7–2.2mm. Females
apex of scutellum). Hind femora usually
brachypterous (fig. 76), with forewings just
darkened. OnNanophyton erinaceum. .. . 8
surpassing sixth abdominal segment, mem-
– Pronotum and scutellum without any color
brane almost completely reduced, without
pattern. Femora pale, with indistinct pale
clearly delimited cuneus. Vesica without
brown dotting.. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. . 9
series of teeth lateral to secondary gonopore
8. Labium slightly surpassing hind coxae. In
(figs.40, 41).On Anabasis salsa... .. . .. .
males, vesica with acute apical process
.. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .S.anabasius,n. sp.
(fig. 2); second antennal segment 1.2–1.4 3
– Larger. Body length 2.8–5.0 mm. Females
as long as width of head. Females subbra-
macropterous, if subbrachipterous forewings
chypterous, membrane extending slightly
alwayssurpassingeighthabdominalsegment,
beyond apexof cuneus.. . .. .. .. .. .. ..
withclearlydelimitedmembraneandcuneus.
. .. .. . .. .. .. . S.nanophyti (Vinokurov)
Vesica with series of teeth lateral to second-
– Labium reaching seventh abdominal segment.
arygonopore (figs. 1–18).. .. .. .. .. . .. 2 In males, vesica with denticles at very apex
2. Forewings with transverse pale brown band at (figs.3–4); second antennal segment shorter
apex of corium (figs. 66, 67). In the palest than or equal to width of head. Females
specimenstransversebandalmostcompletely macropterous .. . S.asanovae (Vinokurov)
absent, but apex of corium always with 9. Larger. Body length 4.8–5.0mm in males and
contrastingly darkandlong setae.. .. . .. . 4.0–4.3 mm in females. Vesica with well
.. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .S.candidatus (Reuter) developed series of teeth running to base of
– Forewings with pale brown dotting. Apex of apical process (figs. 6,7).. .. .. .. .. .. ..
corium without contrasting dark setae or . .. .. . .. .. .. .. S.halocnemi (Putshkov)
whole of forewings covered with darkened – Smaller. Body length 3.6–4.6mm in males and
setae. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 3 3.2–3.8mm in females. Vesica with series of
3. Hind femora pale, with dark brown dotting. teethnotextendingdistaltosecondarygono-
Dotsonhindfemoracontrastingdarkerand pore(figs.32,33)...... S.pallens(Reuter)
2–3 3 larger than those on forewings. In 10. Membrane with reticulate pattern (fig. 64) or
cases of doubt dots on basal part of cuneus with wholly embrowned cells and brown
absentordiscolored. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 4 edging along outer vein (fig. 63). Apical
2008 KONSTANTINOV: REVIEWOFSOLENOXYPHUS 5
process of vesica (figs.8, 9) comparatively Solenoxyphus adspersus (Reuter, 1904)
robustandshortened,straight,nearlyaslong
as width of vesica basal to secondary Figures 10, 11, 27, 55
gonopore... . .. .. S.fuscovenosus (Fieber)
– Membrane milky hyaline or more or less MalthacosomaadspersumReuter,1904:11(syn.withM.
embrowned apically. Cells transparent or punctipennisbyLinnavuori,1961:13).
partly embrowned, but without brown edg- Solenoxyphus barbatus Wagner, 1951: 147 (syn. with
ing.Apicalprocessofvesicadistinctlylonger MalthacosomapunctipennebyWagner,1958:8).
than width of vesica proximal to secondary
gonopore... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. 11 DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished by the compar-
11. Area along inner claval margins, exocorium atively large and irregularly distributed dots
(exceptveryapex)andbaseofcuneusdevoid on forewings, faint dotting on hind femora,
ofanydots,orcoveredwithfewminuteand
absence of dark setae on dorsum, dentation
pale ones (fig.61). Labium reaching seventh
and structure of the apical process of vesica.
abdominal segment. Vesica as in fig.5,
Close to S. loginovae, but differs in the
with well-developed series of teeth extending
embrowned tibial spines, shorter labium and
proximally and distally to secondary
gonopore. Base of apical process covered structure of vesica. Differs from S. punctipen-
withminute denticles. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. nis in the color pattern of forewings.
. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .S.loginovae (Putshkov) DESCRIPTION: VESTITURE: Composed of
– Wholeforewingsexceptmembranemoreorless slightly curved to nearly straight silver simple
regularly covered with dots, rarely dotting setae, adpressed on forewings and often
becomes obsolete at base of wing. Labium
semierect on head and at sides of pronotum.
surpassinghindcoxae,rarelyreachingfourth
abdominal segment. Vesica without minute COLORATION: Body(fig. 55)whitishyellow
to greenish. Head, antennae, pronotum, ex-
denticles at baseof apical process. .. .. 12
12. Apical process of vesica shorter, pointed, posed part of mesoscutum and scutellum
without anyteeth.. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. 13 uniformly pale, without any color pattern.
– Apical process of vesica long and not pointed, Scutellum sometimes with indistinct pale
apically covered with minute teeth (figs. 37– midline. Whole forewings except membrane
39). On Salsola passerina.. S.salsolae,n. sp. covered with rather large and notably irregu-
13. Tibial spines embrowned. Whole cuneus cov- larly distributed pale brown dots. Dotting
ered withdots. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. 14
becomes obsolete at extreme base and some-
– Tibialspinespale.Extremebaseofcuneuswith
times also at sides of wing. Dots on corium
reduceddotting. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. 15
nearly equal in diameter to width of second
14. Clavus corium and cuneus densely and regu-
larly covered with extremely minute dots antennal segment at base. Cuneus with some-
(fig. 73). These dots 3–4 3 smaller in what smaller and usually more regularly
diameter than width of second antennal distributed dots. Membrane transparent, typ-
segmentat base. .. S. punctipennis(Reuter) ically with indistinct pale brown area running
– Forewings with large and irregularly distribut- along vein of larger cell and pale brown area
ed dots (fig. 55). Largest dots on forewings behind apex of cuneus. Veins whitish or
equalindiametertowidthofsecondantennal
yellowish. Ventral surface pale. All femora
segmentat base. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. ..
typically with pale brown mottling on whole
. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. S.adspersus (Reuter)
ventral surfaces except extreme bases. Dorsal
15. Vesicawithremarkablyprominentlongitudinal
flange forming gutterlike depression, with surfaces of femora with identical mottling
poorly developed series of teeth not extend- apically. Dots on femora of the same size or
ingproximaltosecondarygonopore(figs. 22, smaller and paler than those on forewings.
23,31).Scutellumusuallywithbrowndotting Colorpatternon femoramore orless reduced
apically. On Suaeda sp.Spain. .. . .. .. .. inmanyspecimens,sometimeslost.Tibiapale,
. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. . S.major Wagner
with brown tibial spines. Minute brown dots
– Longitudinal flange remarkably narrow and
at bases of tibial spines usually noticeable,
weakly sclerotized. Series of teeth extending
rarely absent.
proximally to secondary gonopore (figs. 20,
21,30).Scutellumuniformlypale.OnSalsola MALE GENITALIA: Vesica as in figs. 10–11,
gemmascens.Kazakhstan andKyrgyzstan.. comparatively thin. Apical process long, thin
. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. S.kerzhneri,n. sp. and acute, with somewhat curved apex, dis-
6 AMERICAN MUSEUMNOVITATES NO. 3607
Figs. 1–7. Vesica, ventral view: 1, Solenoxyphus candidatus (Kazakhstan: Karasay st.); 2, S. nanophyti
(Tuva, paratype); 3–4, S. asanovae (Kazakhstan: Koksengir, paratype); 5, S. loginovae (Turkmenistan:
Repetek, paratype); 6–7, S. halocnemi: 6, Kyrgyzstan, on Anabasis truncata, 7, Turkmenistan, Mollakara,
paratype,onHalocnemum strobilaceum.
2008 KONSTANTINOV: REVIEWOFSOLENOXYPHUS 7
Figs. 8–18. Vesica, ventral view: 8–9, Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus: 8, Kazakhstan: Saykhin, on
Halocnemum strobilaceum; 9, Ukraine: Kerch. 10–11. S. adspersus: 10, Turkmenistan: Repetek
(Hohlbeck); 11, Uzbekistan: Derbent. 12, S. punctipennis, Azerbaijan: Turut steppe. 13–15, S. lepidus: 13,
Kazakhstan: Muyunkum sands; 14, Mongolia: Gobi Altai Aimak; 15, Spain: Alfe´s. 16, S. artemisiae,
Uzbekistan,holotype.17–18,S.alkani: 17,Armenia, holotype of S.markevichi; 18,Turkey, paratype.
tinctlylonger than width of vesica proximal to ing third or fourth abdominal segment. Hind
secondary gonopore. Longitudinal flange dis- femora not swollen in both sexes, remarkably
tinct but narrow. Series of teeth not extending longandthininmales.Femalesmacropterous.
proximalordistaltosecondarygonopore. Inmales,body3.4–3.83aslongaswidthof
STRUCTUREANDMEASUREMENTS: Labiumal- pronotum. Pronotum 1.9–2.1 3 as wide as
ways surpassing hind coxae and usually reach- long, 1.4–1.5 3 as wide as head. Vertex 1.3–
8 AMERICAN MUSEUMNOVITATES NO. 3607
Figs.19–31. 19–21,24–25,30,Solenoxyphuskerzhneri,Kyrgyzstan,paratype:19,apexoftheca;20–21,
vesica in ventral view; 24, right paramere; 25, left paramere; 30, vesica in side view. 22, 23, 31: S. major,
vesica: 22, 31, Spain, Bujalaroz, collectedfrom Suaeda sp.: 22,in ventral view;31, in side view;23,Spain:
Alfe´s,in ventral view.26–29, claws: 26, S.kerzhneri; 27,S.adspersus;28, S.salsolae;29, S.anabasius.
1.43aswideaseye.Secondantennalsegment In females body 3.1–3.3 3 as long as width
0.8–0.93aslongasbasalwidthofpronotum, of pronotum. Pronotum 2.1–2.2 3 as wide as
1.2–1.3 3 as long as width of head. Body long, 1.2–1.4 3 as wide as head. Vertex 1.5–
length: 3.6–4.2 mm. 1.73aswideaseye.Secondantennalsegment
2008 KONSTANTINOV: REVIEWOFSOLENOXYPHUS 9
Figs. 32–39. 32–33, Solenoxyphus pallens, vesica in ventral view: 32, Kazakhstan: Zhana-Arka, on
Anabasis salsa; 33, Mongolia: Hovd Aimak, on Anabasis aphylla. 34–39, S. salsolae, Mongolia, paratype,
samelocalitylabelasinholotype:34,apexoftheca;35,rightparamere;36,leftparamere;37–39,vesica:37,
apex,38,ventral view,39,side view.
0.7–0.83aslongasbasalwidthofpronotum, pattern of forewings. In contrast to S.
0.9–1.0 3 as long as width of head. Body punctipennis, S. adspersus has distinctly larger
length: 3.1–3.7 mm. and irregularly distributed dots on forewings.
NOTE: S. adspersus was synonymized with The color pattern appears nearly invariate
S. punctipennis by Linnavuori (1961). Both across the range of S. adspersus, which make
species have similar vesical structure, general this species easily distinguishable from S.
appearance, but noticeably differ in the color punctipennis. Although I have not studied the
10 AMERICAN MUSEUMNOVITATES NO. 3607
Figs.40–44. MalegenitaliainS.anabasius:40,vesicainventralview;41,vesicainlateralview;42,right
paramere;43, leftparamere;44,theca.
lectotype of S. adspersus, the collection of the DISTRIBUTION: The distribution of S. ad-
Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, contains spersus in the Mediterranean region needs
three specimens from Ashgabat collected by further clarification. S. punctipennis was re-
Ahnger and determined by Reuter. One of corded from Egypt (as S. barbatus Wagner,
these, the data for which are listed below 1951), Tunisia (Carapezza, 1997), Iraq
under Specimens Examined, was labelled as (Linnavuori, 1993), Israel (Linnavuori, 1961),
Malthacosoma adspersum. Two other speci- and Afganistan (Hoberlandt, 1961). The first
mens have determination labels ‘‘Malthaco- locality should be referred to S. adspersus, as
somapunctipenneReut.’’Thismaterial,aswell S. barbatus is considered here its junior
asthetypeofS.punctipennis,wasfoundtobe synonym. Examined specimens from Tunisia
in a full accordance with the original descrip- collectedbyCarapezzaundoubtedlybelongto
tions and species concepts accepted in this S. adspersus too. Linnavuori (1961) has seen
paper. only the lectotype of S. adspersus while
Judging by the original description, S. synonymizingthespecieswithS.punctipennis.
barbatus seems to be a junior synonym of S. The type of S. punctipennis was not examined
adspersus, but this needs further clarification, by him. Therefore, it seems likely that records
as I was unable to see the types. of S. punctipennis from Iraq and Israel also