Return from the Natives: How Margaret Mead Won the Second World War and Lost the Cold War PDF
Preview Return from the Natives: How Margaret Mead Won the Second World War and Lost the Cold War
RETURN FROM THE NATIVES 3982.indd 1 28/01/13 8:29 PM 3982.indd 2 28/01/13 8:29 PM RETURN FROM THE NATIVES HOW MARGARET MEAD WON THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND LOST THE COLD WAR Peter Mandler YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW HAVEN AND LONDON 3982.indd 3 28/01/13 8:29 PM Copyright © 2013 Peter Mandler All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from the publishers. For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please contact: U.S. office: [email protected] www.yalebooks.com Europe Office: [email protected] www.yalebooks.co.uk Set in Goudy by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd Printed in Great Britain by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall Library of Congress Cataloging-i n- publication Data Mandler, Peter. Return from the natives: how Margaret Mead won the Second world War and lost the Cold War/Peter Mandler. pages cm. ISBN 978-0-300-18785-4 (cl: alk. paper) 1. Mead, Margaret, 1901–1978. 2. World War, 1939–1945—Influence. 3. Cold War—Influence. 4. Cultural relativism. 5. Anthropology—Government policy—United States. I.Title. GN21.M36M36 2013 306—dc23 2012051253 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 3982.indd 4 28/01/13 8:29 PM For Mel, and in memory of Audrey 3982.indd 5 28/01/13 8:29 PM 3982.indd 6 28/01/13 8:29 PM Contents List of Abbreviations viii Introduction: Return from the Natives x 1 From the South Seas (to 1939) 1 2 Culture Cracking for War: I. Allies (1939–44) 45 3 Among the Natives of Great Britain (1942–5) 87 4 Culture Cracking for War: II. Enemies (1942–5) 123 5 Culture Cracking for Peace (1945–50) 177 6 Swaddling the Russians (1947–51) 223 7 Return to the Natives (1947–53) 255 Epilogue: To Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan 287 Notes 293 Bibliography 335 Acknowledgements 353 Index 356 3982.indd 7 28/01/13 8:29 PM Abbreviations AAA American Anthropological Association AID Agency for International Development ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency ASTP Army Specialized Training Program BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs CIMA Coordinated Investigation of Micronesian Anthropology CIO Congress of Industrial Organizations CIR Council on Intercultural Relations CNM Committee for National Morale COI Office of the Coordinator of Information CSPR Conference on Science, Philosophy and Religion EPTA Expanded Program of Technical Assistance (of the United Nations) FMAD Foreign Morale Analysis Division (of OWI) FSI Foreign Service Institute HRAF Human Relations Area Files HRRI Human Resources Research Institute IPA Institute for Propaganda Analysis IPR Institute of Pacific Relations LSRM Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial M- O Mass- Observation MO Morale Operations MOI Ministry of Information MSA Mutual Security Agency NSF National Science Foundation OB Overseas Branch (of OWI) ONR Office of Naval Research OSS Office of Strategic Services OWI Office of War Information PWD Psychological Warfare Division (of SHAEF) PWE Political Warfare Executive R&A Research and Analysis Branch (of OSS) RCC Research in Contemporary Cultures SAA Society for Applied Anthropology SCC Studies in Contemporary Cultures SEAC South- East Asia Command SHAEF Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force SSC Studies in Soviet Culture TA Technical Assistance TCA Technical Cooperation Administration 3982.indd 8 28/01/13 8:29 PM Abbreviations UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNRRA United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Agency WFMH World Federation for Mental Health WRA War Relocation Authority ix 3982.indd 9 28/01/13 8:29 PM
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