Rethinking the Wild Coast, South Africa. Eco-frontiers vs livelihoods

237 Pages·2017·14.47 MB·English

Rethinking the Wild Coast, South Africa. Eco-frontiers
vs livelihoods in Pondoland
Sylvain Guyot, Julien Dellier
To cite this version:
Sylvain Guyot, Julien Dellier. Rethinking the Wild Coast, South Africa. Eco-frontiers vs livelihoods
in Pondoland. VDM VERLAG, pp.236, 2009. ￿hal-00420064￿
HAL Id: hal-00420064
https://hal.science/hal-00420064
Submitted on 29 Sep 2009
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est
archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents
entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non,
lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de
teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires
abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés.
Rethinking the Wild Coast,
South Africa
Eco-frontiers vs livelihoods in Pondoland
Sylvain Guyot
Julien Dellier (Eds.)

5
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
(cid:2)
This(cid:2)book(cid:2)is(cid:2)dedicated(cid:2)to(cid:2)Chloé(cid:2)and(cid:2)Héloïse(cid:2)

7
Contents(cid:2)
(cid:2)
Contents...............................................................................................................7(cid:2)

Foreword............................................................................................................11(cid:2)

Acknowledgements ............................................................................................15(cid:2)

Authors...............................................................................................................17(cid:2)

Chapter(cid:2)1:(cid:2)General(cid:2)Introduction .........................................................................23
1.(cid:2)Background(cid:2)to(cid:2)the(cid:2)book....................................................................................23
2.(cid:2)A(cid:2)book(cid:2)to(cid:2)clarify(cid:2)current(cid:2)territorial(cid:2)dynamics(cid:2)in(cid:2)Pondoland.............................27
3.(cid:2)Presentation(cid:2)of(cid:2)the(cid:2)different(cid:2)chapters.............................................................29(cid:2)

Chapter(cid:2)2:(cid:2)The(cid:2)Wild(cid:2)Coast:(cid:2)the(cid:2)Contested(cid:2)Territory............................................33
1.(cid:2)Introduction(cid:2)to(cid:2)Eco(cid:3)frontiers(cid:2)and(cid:2)spatial(cid:2)process.............................................33
2.(cid:2)Introduction(cid:2)to(cid:2)the(cid:2)Wild(cid:2)Coast(cid:2)of(cid:2)the(cid:2)Eastern(cid:2)Cape,(cid:2)South(cid:2)Africa....................35
3.(cid:2)TRALSO’s(cid:2)involvement(cid:2)in(cid:2)the(cid:2)Wild(cid:2)Coast..........................................................37
4.(cid:2)The(cid:2)nature(cid:2)of(cid:2)conflicts(cid:2)in(cid:2)the(cid:2)Wild(cid:2)Coast:(cid:2)What(cid:2)are(cid:2)the(cid:2)issues? ......................39
5.(cid:2)Control(cid:2)and(cid:2)Management(cid:2)of(cid:2)Resources ...........................................................43
6.(cid:2)Conclusion.........................................................................................................53
References............................................................................................................56(cid:2)

Chapter(cid:2)3:(cid:2)The(cid:2)Fight(cid:2)for(cid:2)Land(cid:2)Rights(cid:2)Versus(cid:2)Outsider’s(cid:2)‘Appetites’:(cid:2)Wild(cid:2)Coast(cid:2)Eco(cid:3)
Frontier(cid:2)Dynamics...............................................................................................59
1.(cid:2)Introduction......................................................................................................59
2.(cid:2)National(cid:2)policies(cid:2)of(cid:2)land(cid:2)conflicts(cid:2)resolution....................................................63
3.(cid:2)The(cid:2)Wild(cid:2)Coast,(cid:2)a(cid:2)dynamic(cid:2)eco(cid:3)frontier(cid:2)marked(cid:2)by(cid:2)competition(cid:2)and(cid:2)conflicts 65
4.(cid:2)Four(cid:2)“variations”(cid:2)on(cid:2)eco(cid:3)frontiers(cid:2)and(cid:2)land(cid:2)conflicts.......................................71
5.Perspectives.......................................................................................................95
References............................................................................................................97(cid:2)
8(cid:2)
Chapter(cid:2)4:(cid:2)Ambiguous(cid:2)Spaces:(cid:2)Natural(cid:2)Resource(cid:2)Management(cid:2)Buffer(cid:2)Zones(cid:2)and(cid:2)
Rural(cid:2)Livelihoods(cid:2)in(cid:2)Pondoland,(cid:2)South(cid:2)Africa....................................................101
1.(cid:2)Introduction....................................................................................................101
2.(cid:2)Pondoland(cid:2)Case...............................................................................................104
3.(cid:2)Conclusion.......................................................................................................113
References..........................................................................................................114(cid:2)

Chapter(cid:2)5:(cid:2)Subsistence(cid:2)Fishing(cid:2)among(cid:2)Indigenous(cid:2)People(cid:2)in(cid:2)the(cid:2)Eastern(cid:2)Cape’s(cid:2)
‘Wild(cid:2)Coast’(cid:2)in(cid:2)South(cid:2)Africa:(cid:2)The(cid:2)Case(cid:2)of(cid:2)Scambeni(cid:2)and(cid:2)Caguba(cid:2)Villages...........117
1.(cid:2)Introduction....................................................................................................117
2.(cid:2)Study(cid:2)Area.......................................................................................................118
3.(cid:2)The(cid:2)International(cid:2)Experience..........................................................................120
4.(cid:2)The(cid:2)South(cid:2)African(cid:2)Experience.........................................................................121
5.(cid:2)Subsistence(cid:2)in(cid:2)Caguba(cid:2)and(cid:2)Scambeni(cid:2)Villages................................................122
6.(cid:2)Conclusion.......................................................................................................126
References..........................................................................................................126(cid:2)

Chapter(cid:2) 6:(cid:2) Questioning(cid:2) Homogenous(cid:2) Degradation(cid:2) Narratives(cid:2) in(cid:2) Transkei:(cid:2)
Livelihoods(cid:2)and(cid:2)Natural(cid:2)Resource(cid:2)Use(cid:2)in(cid:2)two(cid:2)Pondoland(cid:2)Villages.....................129
1.(cid:2)Introduction....................................................................................................129
2.(cid:2)The(cid:2)African(cid:2)degradation(cid:2)narrative..................................................................131
3.(cid:2)The(cid:2)degradation(cid:2)narrative(cid:2)in(cid:2)Transkei............................................................135
4.(cid:2)Study(cid:2)area:(cid:2)description(cid:2)of(cid:2)the(cid:2)villages(cid:2)and(cid:2)livelihood(cid:2)activities.....................138
5.(cid:2)Research(cid:2)methodology...................................................................................140
6.(cid:2)Calculating(cid:2)the(cid:2)relative(cid:2)value(cid:2)of(cid:2)livelihoods ...................................................141
7.(cid:2)Critical(cid:2)Views(cid:2)of(cid:2)Transkeian(cid:2)Narratives...........................................................152
References..........................................................................................................155(cid:2)

Chapter(cid:2) 7:(cid:2) Transhumance(cid:2) and(cid:2) Ticks(cid:2) in(cid:2) Pondoland:(cid:2) a(cid:2) Crisis(cid:2) in(cid:2) Livestock(cid:2)
Management(cid:2)on(cid:2)the(cid:2)“Wild(cid:2)Coast” ....................................................................163
1.(cid:2)Introduction....................................................................................................163
2.(cid:2)Background(cid:2)on(cid:2)Mbotyi,(cid:2)research(cid:2)and(cid:2)livestock(cid:2)in(cid:2)the(cid:2)area............................166
3.(cid:2)Keeping(cid:2)animals(cid:2)healthy(cid:2)(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:2)transhumance(cid:2)and(cid:2)grazing...................................169
4.(cid:2)Ticks(cid:2)and(cid:2)Dipping............................................................................................176
5.(cid:2)The(cid:2)Impact(cid:2)of(cid:2)Ticks(cid:2)and(cid:2)Perceptions(cid:2)of(cid:2)Tick(cid:3)borne(cid:2)Diseases..........................183
9
6.(cid:2)Some(cid:2)concluding(cid:2)comments...........................................................................187
References..........................................................................................................188(cid:2)

Chapter(cid:2) 8:(cid:2) The(cid:2) Mismatch(cid:2) between(cid:2) Smallholder(cid:2) Realities(cid:2) and(cid:2) Agricultural(cid:2)
Development(cid:2)Interventions:(cid:2)from(cid:2)‘Betterment’(cid:2)to(cid:2)the(cid:2)Massive(cid:2)Food(cid:2)Production(cid:2)
Programme.......................................................................................................191
1.(cid:2)Introduction....................................................................................................191
2.(cid:2)(Neo(cid:3))colonial(cid:2)representations(cid:2)of(cid:2)Africans,(cid:2)land(cid:2)and(cid:2)development...............193
3.(cid:2)Previous(cid:2)agricultural(cid:2)development(cid:2)programmes(cid:2)in(cid:2)the(cid:2)former(cid:2)homelands...195
4.(cid:2)The(cid:2)Massive(cid:2)Food(cid:2)Production(cid:2)Programme,(cid:2)MFPP..........................................198
5.(cid:2)Local(cid:2)livelihoods(cid:2)and(cid:2)the(cid:2)role(cid:2)of(cid:2)agriculture(cid:2)in(cid:2)the(cid:2)former(cid:2)homelands..........200
6.(cid:2)Description(cid:2)of(cid:2)the(cid:2)study(cid:2)area..........................................................................202
7.(cid:2)Data(cid:2)collection(cid:2)and(cid:2)analysis............................................................................203
8.(cid:2)Local(cid:2)livelihoods(cid:2)and(cid:2)agricultural(cid:2)engagement(cid:2)in(cid:2)Xopozo..............................205
9.(cid:2)Xopozo’s(cid:2)engagement(cid:2)in(cid:2)the(cid:2)MFPP ................................................................210
10.(cid:2)Views(cid:2)of(cid:2)smallholder(cid:2)agriculture(cid:2)in(cid:2)the(cid:2)MFPP..............................................214
11.(cid:2)Discussion(cid:2)and(cid:2)conclusions:(cid:2)Stereotypical(cid:2)views(cid:2)of(cid:2)smallholders(cid:2)are(cid:2)still(cid:2)
shaping(cid:2)agricultural(cid:2)development......................................................................217
Recorded(cid:2)interviews...........................................................................................221
References..........................................................................................................221(cid:2)

Places(cid:2)of(cid:2)Reference...........................................................................................229(cid:2)

List(cid:2)of(cid:2)Figures....................................................................................................231(cid:2)

List(cid:2)of(cid:2)Tables.....................................................................................................233
(cid:2)