Rethinking Security in the Twenty-First Century: A Reader

324 Pages·2017·3.167 MB·English

by  Edwin Daniel Jacob (eds.)

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A Reader
EDITED BY EDWIN DANIEL JACOB
Rethinking Security in the Twenty-First Century
Edwin Daniel Jacob
Editor
Rethinking Security in
the Twenty-First
Century
A Reader
Editor
Edwin Daniel Jacob
Somerset, New Jersey, USA
ISBN 978-1-137-52541-3 ISBN 978-1-137-52542-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-52542-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016957766
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2017
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The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information
in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub-
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Cover illustration: © Stocktrek
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A
cknowledgments
A project of this sort is, by its very nature, an intensive collaborative effort.
I would first like to thank the contributors to this volume. Their fine works
and cooperation throughout the editorial process made the final product
far more insightful than what I had even hoped for when I first conceived
the project in 2013. Elaine Fan, my editor at Palgrave Macmillan, was
most thoughtful throughout the entire process. With regard to my own
works herein, I would like to thank my mentor, Stephen Eric Bronner, not
only for providing key suggestions along the way but also for his unwaver-
ing support in my academic career at large. My family, friends, and col-
leagues were also paramount in seeing that I crossed the finish line. My
mother, Beverly Jacob, provided me with more than any parent could ever
give a child. Gail Pollack offered valuable editorial assistance. Always ready
for a motorcycle ride, my best friend, Jason Gearheart, deserves my thanks
for keeping my sanity intact. Kelsey Lizotte, my friend and colleague, gave
me much appreciated feedback on drafts of my chapter. To each and all,
you have my gratitude. Lastly, I would like to acknowledge the memory
of Patrick McGoohan. His foresight in creating, writing, and portraying
The Prisoner was truly ahead of its time and sparked interest in a neophyte
graduate student of global affairs to take up security as a field most worthy
of inquiry and scrutiny.
v
c
ontents
Part I Explaining Security 1
1 Security and Ideology 3
Rasmus Ugilt
2 Who Really Defines National Security? 19
Lawrence Davidson
3 Anachronistic Research in International Relations and 
Security Studies 29
Jaap H. de Wilde
4 The American Nuclear Warfare State 41
Carl Boggs
Part II Facing and Fighting Threats 59
5 A New Frontier in US National Security
Policymaking: State and Local Governments 61
Louise Stanton
vii
viii CONTENTS
6 Imperial Hubris and the Security of the Middle East,
1979–2016 77
James E. Jennings
7 Sovereignty and Security: 9/11, the Arab Spring,
and ISIS 93
Edwin Daniel Jacob
8 Protection from Whom? Tensions, Contradictions,
and Potential in the Responsibility to Protect 105
Douglas Irvin-Erickson
Part III Cosmopolitan Visions 125
9 Fostering Global Security 127
Amentahru Wahlrab
10 Mainstreaming Atrocity 143
Kjell Anderson
11 Democracy and Stability? US Foreign Policy Post-Arab
Spring 157
Dalia Fahmy
Part IV Emergent Threats 167
12 Human Mobility and Security 169
Alexandria J. Innes
13 Ecological Security 183
Peter Hough
CONTENTS ix
14 Legality of the Modern Modes of Warfare: The Case of 
Drones 195
Ashutosh Misra
15 Duties to Defend: Ethical Challenges of Cyber-Defense 209
Adam Henschke
Part V New Horizons 223
16 State Security, Human Security, and the Problem
of Complementarity 225
Richard E. Rubenstein
17 Victim Mentality and Violence: Anatomy of a Relationship 245
Jean-Marc Coicaud
18 Rethinking Security Education 265
Katherine Worboys Izsak
19 Neoconservatism: A Death Prematurely Foretold? 279
Michael McKoy
Index 289
n c
otes on ontributors
Kjell Anderson is a criminologist and jurist specializing in the study of mass vio-
lence and mass atrocities. He has conducted human rights and conflict-related
research and projects in many countries, including Iraq, Rwanda, Bosnia,
Cambodia, Democratic Republic of Congo, and Burundi. With a Ph.D. and LL.M.
in International Human Rights Law, Anderson is a researcher at the NIOD Institute
for War, Holocaust, and Genocide Studies, as well as a lecturer at Leiden University,
and the coordinator of Holocaust and Genocide Studies at the University of
Amsterdam. He is also a member of the Board of Directors of the Sentinel Project
for Genocide Prevention and Second Vice President of the International Association
of Genocide Scholars.
Carl Boggs teaches social sciences at National University in Los Angeles, after
having taught at Washington University in St. Louis; U.C., Irvine; UCLA; USC;
and Antioch University. He is the author of numerous books in the fields of social
and political theory, European politics, American politics, US foreign and military
policy, and film studies. His latest book is Drugs, Power, and Politics: Narco Wars,
Big Pharma, and the Subversion of Democracy (Paradigm, 2015) and Origins of the
Warfare State: World War II and the Transformation of American Politics
(Routledge, 2016). He is the book review editor for Theory and Society, and has
received the Charles A. McCoy Career Achievement Award from the American
Political Science Association.
Jean-Marc Coicaud is Professor of Law and Global Affairs at Rutgers University.
In addition, he is a Global Ethics Fellow with the Carnegie Council for Ethics in
International Affairs. Prior to being at Rutgers, he worked with the United
Nations, first as a speechwriter for UN Secretary-General Dr. Boutros Boutros-
Ghali, then as a senior official with the United Nations University, in Tokyo and
New York. He has published 15 books and over 80 scholarly articles and book
xi
xii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS
chapters in the fields of political theory, comparative politics, international rela-
tions, and international law. His latest book, co-edited with Yohan Ariffin and
Vesselin Popovski, Emotions in International Politics: Beyond Mainstream
International Relations, was published in 2016 with Cambridge University Press.
In the fall of 2015, Coicaud was elected a Fellow of the European Academy of Arts
and Sciences (Academia Europaea).
Lawrence Davidson is Emeritus Professor of History at West Chester University.
His specialization is in the history of American relations with the Middle East. He
is the author of America’s Palestine: Popular and Official Perceptions from Balfour
to Israeli Statehood (University Press of Florida, 2001); Islamic Fundamentalism
(Greenwood Press, 2003); Foreign Policy, Inc.: Privatizing American National
Interest (University of Kentucky Press, 2009); Concise History of the Middle East
(coauthor with Arthur Goldschmidt, tenth edition, Westview Press, 2012); and
Cultural Genocide (Rutgers University Press, 2012). He has also written numer-
ous articles on US perceptions of and policies toward the Middle East. Over the
past 20 years, Professor Davidson has taken on the role of public intellectual and
has sought to heighten public awareness of the nature and consequences of US
policies in the Middle East.
Dalia Fahmy is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Long Island University.
She has published several articles focusing on Islamist in politics, democratization,
and most recently on the effects of Islamophobia on US foreign policy. Dr. Fahmy’s
current research examines the intellectual and political development of modern
Islamist movements. She has been interviewed by various media outlets including
CNBC, MSNBC, and the Huffington Post and appears regularly on Al Jazeera.
Adam Henschke is a Research Fellow at the National Security College, Australian
National University. He received his Ph.D. through the Centre for Applied
Philosophy and Public Ethics from Charles Sturt University at the end of 2013.
He has published in areas that include information theory, ethics of technology,
and military ethics. He coedited The Routledge Handbook of Ethics and War
(Routledge, 2013) and Binary Bullets: The Ethics of Cyberwarfare (Oxford
University Press, 2016) and is writing a book on ethics and surveillance (Cambridge
University Press, forthcoming).
Peter Hough is an Associate Professor in International Politics and Programme
Leader of the MA International Relations at Middlesex University. He graduated
from the London School of Economics and Political Science and has worked at
Middlesex since 1998. Hough’s chief areas of research interest are human security,
global environmental politics, and the politics of the Arctic. Amongst his most
prominent recent publications are the following books: Understanding Global
Security (Routledge, Third Edition, 2013); The Arctic in International Politics: