Rethinking Children’s Citizenship PDF
Preview Rethinking Children’s Citizenship
The Palgrave Macmillan Rethinking Children’s Citizenship Tom Cockburn Rethinking Children’s Citizenship StudiesinChildhoodandYouth Series Editors: Allison James, University of Sheffield, UK, and Adrian James, UniversityofSheffield,UK. Titlesinclude: KateBacon TWINSINSOCIETY Parents,Bodies,SpaceandTalk DavidBuckinghamandVebjørgTingstad(editors) CHILDHOODANDCONSUMERCULTURE TomCockburn RETHINKINGCHILDREN’SCITIZENSHIP SamFrankel CHILDREN,MORALITYANDSOCIETY AllisonJames,AnneTrineKjørholtandVebjørgTingstad(editors) CHILDREN,FOODANDIDENTITYINEVERYDAYLIFE ManfredLiebel,KarlHanson,IvenSaadiandWouterVandenhole(editors) CHILDREN’SRIGHTSFROMBELOW Cross-CulturalPerspectives HelenStapleton SURVIVINGTEENAGEMOTHERHOOD MythsandRealities AfuaTwum-DansoImoh,RobertAme CHILDHOODSATTHEINTERSECTIONOFTHELOCALANDTHEGLOBAL StudiesinChildhoodandYouth SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–21686–0hardback (outsideNorthAmericaonly) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to usattheaddressbelowwithyournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesand theISBNquotedabove. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS,England Rethinking Children’s Citizenship Tom Cockburn UniversityofBradford,UK Palgrave macmillan ©TomCockburn2013 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthiswork inaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2013by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN978-1-349-32283-1 ISBN978-1-137-29207-0(eBook) DOI10.1057/9781137292070 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 To Lucy, Jack, Alice and Rory Contents Introduction 1 Cities 4 Whychildrenshouldbeconsideredcitizens 6 Changesovertime 11 Beyondliberalcitizenship 14 Structureofthebook 16 Part I 1 ChildrenandCitizenshipintheClassicalPeriod 23 Greece 23 Plato 27 Aristotle 30 Romancitizenshipandchildren 33 LateantiquityandChristianity 38 MiddleAges 42 Conclusion 45 2 Renaissance:PreludetoModernPoliticalTheory 47 ThomasHobbes 49 JohnLocke 51 TheEnlightenment 56 ImmanuelKant 56 AdamSmith 58 JeanJacquesRousseau 61 Women’schallengetocitizenship 69 Patriarchy 72 JohnStuartMill 73 Conclusion 76 3 TheSearchforEquality,andthe‘Protection’and EducationofChildren 78 Urbanisation,Marxismandchildren 80 Employmentofchildren 84 Education 90 vii viii Contents Family,marriage,property,lawandthedevelopment of‘childprotection’ 98 Conclusion 107 4 SocialCitizens 110 Socialcitizenship 111 ‘Discovering’children 115 Goldenageofwelfare 119 Education 123 Girls 126 Crisisandtheassertionofchildren’srights 128 Conclusion 133 Part II 5 Children’sRightsandTheirLimitations 137 Humanrights 138 Limitationtochildren’srights 145 Thefamily 149 Thestate 153 Conclusion 158 6 InternationalCitizenship 160 Internationalcitizenship 163 UnitedNationsConventionontheRightsoftheChild 166 Europeancitizens 171 Conclusion 176 Part III 7 InclusiveandDifferentiatedCitizenship 181 Argumentsforgrouprights:Children’sdifferences 185 Careandintimacies 192 Conclusion 200 8 ParticipatoryCitizenshipofChildren 202 Participationanddemocracy 202 Civilsociety 205 Citizenshipeducation 210 Spacesforparticipationanddemocraticrenewal 212 Educationfordemocracy 218 Recognition,expressionanddialogue 221 Conclusion 224 Contents ix Conclusion 226 Thedevelopmentofchildren’scitizenship 227 Dependency,interdependencyandcitizenship 229 Care,generationandcivilsociety 232 Notes 234 References 235 Index 256
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