restoring disturbed landscapes TheScienceandPracticeofEcologicalRestoration EditorialBoard JamesAronson,editor KarenD.Holl,associateeditor DonaldA.Falk,RichardJ.Hobbs,MargaretA.Palmer WildlifeRestoration:TechniquesforHabitatAnalysis andAnimalMonitoring,byMichaelL.Morrison EcologicalRestorationofSouthwesternPonderosaPineForests, editedbyPeterFriederici,EcologicalRestoration InstituteatNorthernArizonaUniversity ExSituPlantConservation:SupportingSpeciesSurvivalintheWild, editedbyEdwardO.GuerrantJr.,KayriHavens,andMikeMaunder GreatBasinRiparianEcosystems:Ecology,Management,andRestoration, editedbyJeanneC.ChambersandJerryR.Miller AssemblyRulesandRestorationEcology:BridgingtheGap BetweenTheoryandPractice,editedbyVickyM.Temperton, RichardJ.Hobbs,TimNuttle,andStefanHalle TheTallgrassRestorationHandbook:ForPrairies,Savannas, andWoodlands,editedbyStephenPackardandCorneliaF.Mutel TheHistoricalEcologyHandbook:ARestorationist’sGuideto ReferenceEcosystems,editedbyDaveEganandEvelynA.Howell FoundationsofRestorationEcology,editedbyDonaldA.Falk, MargaretA.Palmer,andJoyB.Zedler RestoringthePacificNorthwest:TheArtandScienceofEcological RestorationinCascadia,editedbyDeanApostolandMarciaSinclair AGuideforDesertandDrylandRestoration: NewHopeforAridLands,byDavidA.Bainbridge RestoringNaturalCapital:Science,Business,andPractice, editedbyJamesAronson,SuzanneJ.Milton,andJamesN.Blignaut OldFields:DynamicsandRestorationofAbandonedFarmland, editedbyVikiA.CramerandRichardJ.Hobbs EcologicalRestoration:Principles,Values,andStructureofan EmergingProfession,byAndreF.ClewellandJamesAronson RiverFutures:AnIntegrativeScientificApproachtoRiverRepair, editedbyGaryJ.BrierleyandKirstieA.Fryirs Large-ScaleEcosystemRestoration:FiveCaseStudiesfrom theUnitedStates,editedbyMaryDoyleandCynthiaA.Drew NewModelsforEcosystemDynamicsandRestoration, editedbyRichardJ.Hobbs,andKatharineN.Suding CorkOakWoodlandsinTransition:Ecology,Adaptive Management,andRestorationofanAncientMediterraneanEcosystem, editedbyJamesAronson,JoãoS.Pereira,andJuliG.Pausas RestoringWildlife:EcologicalConceptsandPractical Applications,byMichaelL.Morrison RestoringEcologicalHealthtoYourLand, byStevenI.ApfelbaumandAlanW.Haney RestoringDisturbedLandscapes:PuttingPrinciplesintoPractice, byDavidJ.TongwayandJohnA.Ludwig society for ecological restoration international TheSocietyforEcologicalRestoration(SER)isaninternationalnonprofitorgan- izationwhosemissionistopromoteecologicalrestorationasameanstosustaining thediversityoflifeonEarthandreestablishinganecologicallyhealthyrelation- shipbetweennatureandculture.Sinceitsfoundationin1988,SERhasbeenpro- moting the science and practice of ecological restoration around the world throughitspublications,conferences,andchapters. SERisarapidlygrowingcommunityofrestorationecologistsandecological restorationpractitionersdedicatedtodevelopingscience-basedrestorationprac- ticesaroundtheglobe.Withmembersinmorethan48countriesandall50U.S. states,SERistheworld’sleadingrestorationorganization.Ifyouwishtobecome amember,contactSERat285W.18thStreet,#1,Tucson,AZ85701.Tel.(520) 622-5485,e-mail:[email protected]. Theopinionsexpressedinthisbookarethoseoftheauthorsandarenotnec- essarilythoseofSER. Restoring Disturbed Landscapes Putting Principles into Practice David J. Tongway and John A. Ludwig SocietyforEcologicalRestorationInternational Washington|Covelo|London Copyright©2011DavidJ.TongwayandJohnA.Ludwig AllrightsreservedunderInternationalandPan-AmericanCopyrightConventions.Nopart ofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformorbyanymeanswithoutpermissioninwriting fromthepublisher:IslandPress,1718ConnecticutAvenueNW,Suite300,Washington, DC20009 IslandPressisatrademarkofTheCenterforResourceEconomics. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Tongway,DavidJ.(DavidJohn) Restoringdisturbedlandscapes:puttingprinciplesintopractice/DavidJ.Tongwayand JohnA.Ludwig. p.cm.— (Thescienceandpracticeofecologicalrestoration) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN-13:978-1-59726-580-5(cloth:alk.paper) ISBN-10:1-59726-580-2(cloth:alk.paper) ISBN-13:978-1-59726-581-2(pbk.:alk.paper) ISBN-10:1-59726-581-0(pbk.:alk.paper) 1. Restorationecology.2. Landscapeprotec- tion.3. Landscapeecology. I.Ludwig,JohnA.II.Title. QH541.15.R45T662010 639.9—dc22 2010013877 Printedonrecycled,acid-freepaper ManufacturedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Theinformationinthisbookisaccuratetothebestoftheauthors’knowledge.However, neitherIslandPressnortheauthorsareresponsibleforinjuriesthatmayoccurasaresultof therestorationproceduresoractivitiesdescribedinthisbook. Keywords:disturbedlandscape,functionallandscape,dysfunctionallandscape,restoration, landscaperestoration,restorationpractitioner,landscapefunctionanalysis,landscapeecol- ogy,ecologicalrestoration,open-cutcoalmining,mine-sitetailingsstorage,mine-sitewaste- rockdump,roadvergerestoration,treebelt,waterponding,soil-surfaceindicator,adaptive management,monitoringindicator Toourwives,HelenTongwayandRosalindLudwig, whoencouragedusinsomany,manywaystowritethisbook.
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