restorative justice and child sexual abuse

442 Pages·2010·5.36 MB·English

by  Jülich, Shirley Jean

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Breakintgh eS ilence:
RestoratJiuvset icaen dC hilSde xuaAlb use
A ThesiPsr esentIendP artiaFlu lfilmOefnT th eR equirements
ForT heD egree
Of
Doctoorf P hilosophy
In
SociaPlo licy
AtM asseyU niversiAtlyb,a ny,
NewZ ealand.
ShirlJeeya nJ Lilic(hn eeD awson)
2001
Abstract
Thirse sreciahn veasttetidhgr ee latiboentswhjeisueptn i acnecd hisledx uaablu se
form thep erspeocfta idvuels tu rvivUotrisl.ip sairntgi coibpsaenrtv ation,
unstruicnttuerreavdni dfeoc wusgs r ouwpist hai fmnei nifrsatm ewo2r1ak d,u lt
surviovfc� hrissl edx uaablu( s1ew 8o meann 3dm enw)e rceo nsutloit deedn tify
isstuheast were fprort ohbeIlmnae. dm dait2tij icruo onr1,js du,g aen 2dc ounrsse llo
werien teerdvi.e w
Thfien diinngdsti ectdah caht isledx uabaulhs aebs e esnh roubdyae c do nspoifr acy
seinlccea,u speadr btyld ye epelnyt renscthreudcw tiutrhseiosnc iTehteyfs.roe c es
combiwnietdth h ceo mpleoxfri etcyo vienrcyl,u tdhipeno gs siibmplaeco tfs
StockShyonldmr aonmde ,t he percoefti hvceer di mijinsunatabilsic ylesi ttteoym
meetth eniere hdasv,ae p pearseindlc emeta on syu rviovfco hrissl edx uaablu As e.
revioeftw h eec onocmoincs equaenndacn ae nsa loyfst ihsseu bseqcuoesontfts
chisledx uaablu hsaev ien cdaittehdne e etdoi mplepmreongtr est hawto uld
amm
lesstehbneu rdferonv ictoiffmesn,d etrhsef,ia rim liaensdt hber oasdoecri ety.
Survicvaouortusis sluyg getshtareted s tojrsuattimicivege bh ets ufifceintflleyx ible
toe ncouvriacgteoi fm scs heiaxllaud b utsoce r imirneaplotlrhyte ,rb erbeya tkhien g
sileAn ccoesb.te neafintya sliosfa r estojrsuattiipcvreeo graimnmdtei ectdah at
siginciasfnatv ingsb em caodauenl hddi ghhtletidhgt ahte preovfce hnitsliedox nu al
abussheo ubleadp riority.
Thfien dionftg hsri ess ewaoruchlhad v iem plicfaropt oiloincsy maalktelhr oss ea nd
whop rovsiedrev tiocv eisc tainmdos fe fndeorfcs h isledx uaablu sSet.o ckholm
Syndrohmaehs i ghhtletidhgc eo mplyoe fxt ihrtee copvreorcyfe rovs isc toifcm hsi ld
sexaubauls Teh.is sy ndrcoommeb iwniettdhh c eo ncoernfas d uslutr viovfco hrisl d
sexaubaulws oeu hladv iem plicfaropt riaoicnttesir owsni tthhitenr iatdicorniaamlli n
jsutiscyes taenmd rtehset ojruasttmiiovcveee mFeintn.at lhcleoy s,ot fcs h isledx ual
abuisnNe e wZ ealwaonudhl adv iem pclaitiforojn sust iacgeei nechse,a algtehn cies,
socwieaallrf oer ganisaantdi Aotcnhcsei dCeonmtp ensCaotriptooinro oanfN ew
Zealand.
11l
Acknowledgements
FirsItw liyst,hot hatnhkae d uslutr viovfo rcssh eixluda lw haosb oug seen erously
contritbotu htrieesds eaTrhcithsh. e wsoiusl dh anvboeet e pno sswiibtlheto hueti r
patricipTahtainyokon uf.ro h onoumreiw nigt h sytoeousrar in ydo utrr uIsa tm.
truhluym bled.
Ovetrh yee aIrh sa vree cemiuvceshdu ppfroormat n umboefor r ganiasnaadt ions
varioeftv ye rsyk ilpleeodp Ilh ea.v bee en fmrootsutn taoth ea veex cleelnt
supveirsoOrrMs a.r iWlayrni mnyg , chsiuepfe rvhiagssuo ri,dm eetd h rough all
phasoefts h pirseo cjHte.cr o nfidienn acmbeyi lkietpmiteeg so iwnhge mny o wn
confidweanlsc aec kWihnegIn.w as untaosb tlawerr ti tsihnfeuog n tdh e twoga eyt
mes tarWtheedInl. o msytw ays,h een courmaetg ote rdu tshwter itpirnogc Tehses .
thougahntidfun lhs tifugclr itoifq uwmerysi tbiyOn rgW arwiTciwkee rien valuable
tot hper ocoefss hsa pmiynw go rk aic nothoe trehesniBtso .tM ha rialnyWdna rwick
havgei vgeenn erooufts hletyii rma en dh avper ovimdewe idt ahne nvoinrment
withwihni cIch o uld wortkh et hrvoacurhgiahol ulsae p nrgjoecests ucahst his
ineviptraebslTeyhn atynsko. u .
A numboefpr e optloeot ki mfoerm t hebiurss yc hedtuorl eeasd pdrroavftismd ei ng
witihn valfueeadbblaeTc hka.ny ko tuo O ame AnneG aByaGelr leienn,wO oro d,
HirlyaL apsJluedyMg,ce lE reJao,hR na veRnu,tR hu kaan d SKwayi tTzhearn.k s
alstooP etMecrG heJea,m Perse sacnoGdtr te Sgbi thofrropc eh ecktihcneog s ting
anyasliasn d ctohsbete neafniyatsl iAs n.u mboefrf i renpdrso viedmeodt ional
suppaosrI at t temtpojt guegdl e timmybe e twefmaeinl wyrt,ii nagn,dw orking.
Thanykot uo A nne, CJaarnmiJecelea,L,n o ,r aainMnda ureforeb ne itnhge wrhee n
In eedyeodmu o sTth.a nykoa ul fsroop ersiwsittoihunf rigr e ndwshheianptt imIe s
warse mISS.
A prjeocstu cahst htiysip cadlelmya ntdhsas ta crimfiucsbetesm adMey.f maily
shartehdab tu rdaestn h esyh armeewd i tthht eeh siMsyh. u sbaHnodr,ra yn,d my
sonCsr,a aingVd e motnoe,lr amtyef der qutea nbsentmianndadec dqnuesisorsme ed
supbe crookinlglo sv setkrhi yee aArls.ss oh artihnibgus r dweenr mey b rother,
v
Daviadn,dm y fahterV,e rn.T hanks fgoru lyitses nifnorg e,n courafgorm g,
undenrdsitanangfd or l ovimneeg v ewnh eInw ast iraendfd ar citous.
FinaIlw loyu,ll di kteog rafutlelayc knowltehdsegu ep pIoh ratv ree ceifovrmea d
MassUenyi verDsoticotrySa clh roslhatihpMe,a ssGerya duRaetsere cah Ftuhned ,
AucklMaenddi AciaTdlr uasnttd h e AucUknlviaenrdso ifTt eyc hnology.
VI
Fomry p arents
VernoAnrt haunrJd ea nH ugheDsa wson
Whot autmg hea bojuuts tice
For hmuys b,a nd
Horry
My sonCsr,a aingVd er non
And bmryo ther,
David
Withowuhto sspuep ortths ei lemnicgnehe tv hearvb ee ebnr oken
Ia ms addenetdh maytm othdeird lniotvtose e teh pirsjo eficnti shed
anedpx eritehntech ero ifbl rla ggaibnoigutt toh efrr ise.n d
Vll
Tabloef C ontents
ParOtn eH:i osrtyT,h eyoa rndLi terature 1
..............................................................
Chpate1r:D efinitainodCn osn cepts 3
...................................................................
Itnroduction 3
..........................................................................................................
ThLea wa nCdh iSledx uAablu .se.. ...................................6. .....
. . ............. . . . ... .... ..
ConceopfJt uss t.ice ... ....................8. ......
............................. .................. .. . . . ...........
Equal.i.ty ...................... ....1 1
...................................... ................... . . . . ............. ....
RethiJnuksitnig.c e. ............................................1. .4.. .
.................. ......... . . . . . . . .. . . .
ThPee rpetorfCa htioSlredsx uAablu. s.e. ..............................1.7.. ...... ..
. ...... . . ... ... .
DefinaiC nhgdi .l............................1.8. ..................................................................
MotivfarotO iffeonnd i..ng. ................... ...... 19
. ........ . .................... . . ............... . .... ...
VictoirSm ursv ivors ...............................................2..1. ..
................ . . . . ... .. . ........... .
DefinCihniSgle dx uAablu se .............. ...............2..7.. .....
........... . .. . ................. .. ....
ThemaensId su seisnD e finit.i.ons. ............... . 29
................. .. .. ... .... ...................
A RevioefCw o mmoDne fini.t.i.o...n.s.... ......... ......3..1. .
. . . . . . .......................... . .
FemiDneifisnti t.io.ns .:.. .................................3...4... .............. ......
.................... .
Conclu.s..i.o.n .. ..... . 37
. ....... ................................................... .................................
Chpate2r: HAins toarnidcT ahle orePteircsaple ctive 39
....................................
Introd.u...c..t.i..o.n. ............... ..... ..............39
. . . . ... . .... . .... . . ............ .............. .. ... . . . ... ...
AnH itsorPiecraslp e.c..t..i...v...e... ..................................3 .9
. . .......... . ... . . . ... . . . .... .. . .
Preft-eFeinCtethnu ry ......................................................39
........ . . .. . . . .... .. .. .... ...
ThFefti eenttoth hE egi hteCeenntthu ri.es . 41
...................................................
ThNein eteCeentntuhr. y . .......................................42
............... . . . .. . . . . ... .. ... ........
EarTlwye ntCieetntuh.r. .y ....... . ...................4.6
. . .. . ................. ......... . . ..... ...........
Late TwCeentntui.r.ey.t .h.. ...........................................4...7... ......
. ..... . . . . . ... . . . . . .
ExpnlaatiforoCn hsi Sledx uAablu se. . ..................5.3
............................... . .. . ....... .
Psychyosa.in.sa. l ..... . ................. . ..5.3.
. ................. . ................... .. . . . ... ..................
Lbieratnair.si.m. . ......... . ........... 56
. . .................... . . ............................. . ... . .... .........
FamiDlyys functio.n.. . ........ 57
............. . ................... . . . .......................................
Subcruelastn Cudy cle.s. ........... ............ ....5. 8
.......... ... ... . .. ................ . . ............. . .
MothBelmrai ng . .........................................6..0.. ...
....................... . ........ . . . . ... . .. ..
A ModferolC hiSledx uaablu. s.e. ..........................................6..3. ..
. ............ . . . . .
IX
A FemiAnniaslty sis 67
............................ ...........................................................
Conclusion 69
.................................... ............................................ .........................
Chpate3r:Q uainfytiCnhgi Sledx uAablu se 71
.....................................................
Introduction 71
.............................. .......................... .............................................. ..
IncidSetnucdei es 72
............................................................ ...................................
PrevaSlteundciee s 74
................................................................... ..........................
Definitions 75
.................................................................... ..................................
Populaatnido nSsa mMpeltihnodgs 75
............................................... ................
DatGaa theTreicnhgn iques 76
......................... ................................................ ...
ParctiipaRtaitoens 77
.................................................................................... .....
TypoefQs u estions 78
...................... ................................. .................................
A Revioeftw h Meaj roS tudies 80
................................. .....................................
ThDee nialE voifd etnhcee 86
.............................................................................. ..
OffendiRnagt es 89
.......................................................... .......................................
Dissculroe 91
....................................................... ............................................... ....
Conclusion 98
............................................. .......................................................... ..
Chapt4:eE rc omnioCco snequeoncfCe hsi Sledx uAablu se 101
.........................
Introduction 101
........................... ........................................... ................................
EconoCmoincs equFeoVnric cetsoi fCm hsi Sledx uAablu se 120
........................
Health 140
............................................................ ...............................................
MentHaela lth 140
...................................................... ........................................ .
Education 150
......................... ............................................................................
EconoSmtiact us 150
........................................................................ ...................
Revicttiiomni sa 190
........................................................................... .................
QuainfytitnhgCe o nsequences 101
........................................................................
QueensAluasntdr alia 111
.................................................... ...............................
NewZ ealand 151
......................................... .......................................................
Canada 132
......................................... ......................................................... ........
ThUen itSetdao tfAe mse rica 172
........................................ ..............................
Conclusion 143
..................................... ................................................................. .
ParTtw oB:r eaktihnSegi lence 137
............................................................................
Chapt5e:Mr e tohdolyo,Eg thiacnsdM ethod 139
.................................................
Introduction 193
........................................... ...........................................................
AnO vervoifte hwRi ess recaPhrj oce.t. 104
............................................. ..............
x
FemiRneissrethca ...................................................1...4...1... ............................. ...
EthiacnaPdlo liItsuisec.sa. l. ..................................................1...44.. .... ....
. . . . . . . . . . . .
ChoiOcfTe o p.i..c.. ...........................................................1..54.. ........ .......
. . .. . . . .
PoliPtoisciaotlfRi eosnre cah.e..r. ......................................1.7.4. .............
... . . . . . .
CondfientiaanAldni otnyy m.i.t.y... .....................................1...84. ...........
. .. . . ... .
ResrecaMhe th.o.d..s. ..............................................1...9.4. . ....................
. . . . .. .. .... . . .
PartiOcbispearnvt.a ..t.i...o.n. ...................................1.5.1. .....
.. ..... . ... . . . . . . . . ... . . ... .
LieHf istoMreyt h.o.d. .....................................................1...4.5... ...... .......
. . . . .. ..
FocGurso u.p.s.....................................................................1....06... .................
OthReers recaAhc tiv.i.t.i.e.s. ............................1...26... .................. ...............
. . .
PretsaetnainoUdnt itliioosfnRa esu.l.t.s. .......................................1..46. ......
. . .. .. . .
Conclusion 176
.......................................................................................................
Chaeprt6 :T heS tockhSoylnmd rome 169
.............................................................
Itnrodu.c..t..i...o...n.. ..................................1..96 ................................. ...........
. . .. . . . . .
ClasSstiocc kShynodlrmo .m..e.. .........................................1..07.. ................
. . .. . . . .
GrahaSmt'osc kShynodlrmo Tmhee o.r.y.. ..............................1...87. ...........
. . . ... . .
Grah'aHsmy pothPerseicsue.rd.s .o..r....s.. .....................1..9.7.. ...........
. . .. . . ..... ..
PerceTihvreetdaoS t u rvi.v.aL.. .........................1 .08. ......
... ... .. .. .. ... . .. ...... . ..... .. .
PerceKiivnedd.n e..s..s.. ......................................................1.3..8 .........
. ... . . .. ... . .
Ioslation ..........................................................................1..48.. ...
. . . . ... .... . .... . .... .
PerceIinvaebdti oEl sipctea.y . ...............................1...68.. ........................
. . ... . ...
PsychodyunnadmeircSlsty oicnkgSh ynodlrmo .m.e. .......18.8 .........................
MajroI ndtiocorafsS tockShynodlrmo .m..e. ................1.9.1. .......................
.... .
CogniDtisitvoer .t.i..o.n.s.. ....................................................1...2.9.. .... .....
. . . . . . . .
Concl.us.i.o.n. ..............................................................................1..9.9 ..
. . .... . . . . . . . . .
ChatperR e7c:o yv er 201
..........................................................................................
Introd.u.c...t...i...o....n. ..............................................................2..01..
. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . ...
RespotnoTs reasu .m.a.. ....................................................2...0..2... ... ..........
. . .. . . . . . .
A Vic'tRisem spotnoCs rei .m.e. ....................................................2..0.4. ..
... . . . .. . . .
A ModfeorlR ecov.e.r.y. ..........................................2..0..7.. .......................
. . .. . . . . ..
BystanadneOdru st si.d.e.r..s.. ..............................................2.11. ..............
. ... . .. . . . . .
A FramewfoorRr ekc ovCehriySl:ed x uAablu. s.e. ....................2.1.2. ................
.
ThNee eodfsA duSlutr vi.v.o.r.s. ........................2...1...7... ....... ..........................
. .
SurvivoonCr onsrf onttihOnefgf e nd.e..r.. ............................2...1...7... .......
. . . . . .
Xl
FinanAcsistaialsn ce .. . . . ... . 222
................................. . ... ........... ........... .... . .. .... ......
Inofrmation. . . . ... . . ...2 25
............ .......................................... ..... .. ...... ......... ..... .... .
Conclusio.n . . .. .. ... 227
............. .................. ...... .... ........... ..... . ....... . ............... ............
Chapte8r: A dulStu rvivoarnsdJ usti.c.e.. .......................2.2..9. ...........................
Introduction . .... .2 29
.......... .................................................... ...... .. ..........................
SurviovnoC rrsi mailrn eporting .. . . .. 230
.......................... .............. ............. ...... .....
SurviovnoC rorsutP roceedings 235
................................................................. .....
UnderstaonfJd uisntgi.sc e . 244
... ..................................................................... ......
AnA lternaSttirvuec t.ure . . . 249
.... ............................................ ..................... ...... ...
ConceornfAs d uSlutr vivo.rs . . . .. 252
...... ...................... ............ .................. ... . .......
Conclusion . . 256
.............................................................................. .......... .............
PartTh reeP:o licIym plicat.i.o.n..s. .............................2.5..9. .....................................
Chapte9r: R estoratJiuvset i.c..e. ..............................2.6..1. ....................................
Introduction . . 261
..................................... ........................ ........................... ....... .....
RestorJautsitivinNec e ewZ eala.nd . .. . 262
... .......... ..................... . .............. ...........
RestorJautsitavinecCd eh iSledx uAablu se . . 264
........... ................................. ......
TheI nvlovemoefnV ti ctims . . 266
............................................ .................. ............
NegotiaatC ioomnm uonfRi etsyp onse .... ...... ..... 267
............... .. . .... . ....... .. ............
TheT ransoffPe orw etrot he Community . 269
.......................... ............................
VolnutaPrayr ticipatio..n . . ... .271
................... . ............. .......... ...... . . .......... .............. .
NeutraanlIdi mtpya rtia.lity . . ... .. 274
.... ................................. ...... .......... ...... . ...........
Condfientiality .. . . 276
.......................... . ....................................... .............. .............
Safeguards . . . 277
......................................................................... ............ ... .............
Conclusion .. . .2 80
............................ . ................ ....................... ................ ...............
Chapte1r0 :A n IntegraMtoedde lf orJ usti.c.e.. ...................2.8.1.. ......................
Introdu.ctio..n . . .. . .. . .. . 281
... ............ . .... ....... .... .. .............. ... . ...... ...... .............. ...........
An IntegMroadteefldorH itsoriCchailSl edx uAablu s.e .. . 282
. ................. .. ....... ..
OptiTowno C:r imiJnuasltw iictAehc cetsoRs e storJautsitviec e.. 2. 84
...........
HollWoawt er . . 288
.............. ...................... ................. ........................................
OptiTohnr eAe R:e storJautsitPvireco amegm er forA oteaNreowZa e aland
290
................................. .....................................................................................
A FramewfoorrA knI tnegrMaoteddef olrJ ustic.e 294
......... ...........................
VoulntaPrayr ticipa.t.i..on . . . . . 296
.......... . .. .. ................ .......... ... ......... ........ ..........
NeutraanlIdim tpya ratlii.ty . . .. . 296
. ...................... ........ ........... . ....................... ...
XlI