Restoration of Wetland Ecosystem: A Trajectory Towards a Sustainable Environment

256 Pages·2020·5.304 MB·English

by  Atul Kumar Upadhyay, Ranjan Singh, D. P. Singh

Atul Kumar  Upadhyay · Ranjan Singh 
D. P. Singh Editors
Restoration of Wetland
Ecosystem: A Trajectory
Towards a Sustainable
Environment
Restoration of Wetland Ecosystem: A Trajectory
Towards a Sustainable Environment
Atul Kumar Upadhyay • Ranjan Singh
D. P. Singh
Editors
Restoration of Wetland
Ecosystem: A Trajectory
Towards a Sustainable
Environment
Editors
Atul Kumar Upadhyay Ranjan Singh
Department of Environmental Science Department of Environmental Science
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
(A Central University) (A Central University)
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
D. P. Singh
Department of Environmental Science
Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University
(A Central University)
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
ISBN 978-981-13-7664-1 ISBN 978-981-13-7665-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7665-8
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Foreword
Wetlands are house of rich biodiversity of plants and animals, and provide the
important ecosystem functions such as food stock, high carbon storage, availability
of nutrients, flood mitigation, water purification, aquifer recharge and climate resil-
ience. Wetlands need to be preserved, restored or constructed for managing the bio-
diversity, wildlife, pollution and non-point source of wastewaters. However, existing
wetlands undergo ageing, degradation, rapid infilling, shrinking area and other mul-
tiple anthropogenic pressures, which might have been caused by overexploitation,
mismanagement and injudicious use of naturally occurring wetland resources.
Natural resources are dwindling at faster rate, leading to alterations in the water
level, pollution load and other ecosystem functions. The management practices for
wetland conservation and restoration may involve minimization of induced pace of
wetland degradation caused by global warming, greenhouse gas emission and
anthropogenic interference. A paradigm shift in eco-restoration towards a more sus-
tainable wetland ecosystem is required, which enables the wetlands to provide food,
shelter, energy, species richness and sustainable growth.
The present book encompasses the area of expertise of the editors. The chapters
incorporated in this book cover a wide spectrum of wetland conservation, restora-
tion, sustainable development policies and regulation, carbon sequestration, biore-
mediation and crucial role of different group of microbes (Algae, Fungi and Bacteria)
in maintaining sustainable wetland functions such as biodiversity, waste remedia-
tion, nutrient cycling, biofuel generation, phytoremediation and carbon sequestra-
tion. The wetlands are considered good natural resources for environment
sustainability and for obtaining several cost-effective, value-added products required
for human welfare. The book also includes the applied role of constructed wetlands
designed to serve the specific purpose with the help of latest state of the art of engi-
neering and technology. The constructed wetlands have also started using various
bio-nanotechnologies for recovery and removal of recalcitrant materials and diffi-
cult pollutants from the wastewater. Overall, all the chapters are designed in a man-
ner which places major emphasis on the components, which provide a new insight
and elaborated information to the readers towards conservation of wetland resource.
I am confident that this book will benefit the readers with adequate information
v
vi Foreword
related to wetland ecosystem and its sustainable management. After going through
the contents of this book entitled Restoration of Wetland Ecosystem: A Trajectory
Towards a Sustainable Environment, edited by Dr. Atul Kumar Upadhyay, Mr.
Ranjan Singh and Dr. D. P. Singh, I am sure that the environmental scientists,
researchers, students and state-c ontrolled agencies involved in the restoration and
management of wetland ecosystems would be highly benefitted. The editors have
performed commendable task in bringing out an exhaustive and informative volume
of information concerning the wetland function, restoration and management. I
extend my heartfelt compliments to the authors and editors.
Preface
The rising risk and consequence of environmental changes might lead to massive
loss to natural ecosystems and human population. This is a matter of serious con-
cern for global thinkers, environmentalists, scientists and policy makers. The dan-
gerous level of anthropogenic interference with extreme climate condition has
accentuated the loss of natural resources—a key ingredient of sustainable develop-
ment. There is an urgent need for restoration of the existing natural resources in
their present form and formulate strategies to ensure sustainable development of
both environment and society.
The present book entitled Restoration of Wetland Ecosystem: A Trajectory
Towards a Sustainable Environment incorporates a broad spectrum of information
and strategies required to achieve sustainable development. This book provides a
fresh outlook on application of green technologies related to management of waste-
water, pollutants, biodiversity, wetland restoration and ecosystem functions. The
present book encompasses holistic review on recent advances in the field of bioen-
ergy, green technology of bioremediation, biomass generation and nutrient cycling.
Wetlands are one of the most important ecosystems on the earth and are known to
be the largest store house of reserve carbon. They offer various ecosystem services
to human societies such as shock absorber of flash flood, water and carbon reserve,
water purifier, preservation of biodiversity and recreational resource for the people.
Wetlands may be categorized as both natural wetlands and constructed wetlands,
specifically designed for a particular purpose. The effectiveness of wetland services
is largely dependent on the hydrology of wetland, diversity of macrophytes and
microorganisms, other geoclimatic and environmental parameters such as pH, tem-
perature, dissolved oxygen and level of nutrients and carbon.
The major thematic areas in this book articulate the dynamic relation of three
global apprehensions: environmental pollution, resource exploitation and sustain-
ability. This book emphasizes on the utilization of resources, mitigation measures
for reduction of pollution load in the wastewater (municipal, industrial, agriculture,
mine drainage, tannery, etc.), harvesting of plant and algal biomass, and their appli-
cation as biofuel, biofertilizers and other value-added products. This book provides
elaborate information on the current trend and futuristic management of wetlands.
vii
viii Preface
This book tends to bring all the scattered information about the wetlands as natural
resource and throws new light on the future role of wetlands in sustainable develop-
ment of both environment and society, keeping in view the latest researches in the
field of wetland science, waste management, carbon sequestration and
bioremediation.
We thank all the contributors of this book for their valuable input in the form of
chapters, covering different components of wetland science.
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Atul Kumar Upadhyay
Ranjan Singh
D. P. Singh
Contents
1 Restoration, Construction, and Conservation of Degrading
Wetlands: A Step Toward Sustainable Management Practices . . . . . 1
Ibha Suhani, Monika, Barkha Vaish, Pooja Singh,
and Rajeev Pratap Singh
2 Phytoremediation and Sustainable Developmental
Policies and Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Atul Kumar Upadhyay, Ranjan Singh, and D. P. Singh
3 Wetland as a Sustainable Reservoir of Ecosystem Services:
Prospects of Threat and Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Govind Gupta, Jabbar Khan, Atul Kumar Upadhyay,
and Naveen Kumar Singh
4 Carbon Sequestration and Storage by Wetlands:
Implications in the Climate Change Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Afreen J. Lolu, Amrik S. Ahluwalia, Malkiat C. Sidhu,
Zafar A. Reshi, and S. K. Mandotra
5 Wetlands: A Major Natural Source Responsible
for Methane Emission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Shashank Tiwari, Chhatarpal Singh, and Jay Shankar Singh
6 Wetlands Conservation and Restoration for Ecosystem
Services and Halt Biodiversity Loss: An Indian Perspective . . . . . . . 75
Rima Kumari, S. K. Shukla, K. Parmar, Nirmali Bordoloi,
Amit Kumar, and P. Saikia
ix
x Contents
7 Microbes Biology: Microbes in Wetland
and Bioprospection of Microbes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Avinash Singh, Prashant Kumar Singh, Wenjing Wang,
and Alok Kumar Shrivastava
8 Contribution of Microbes in the Renovation of Wetlands . . . . . . . . . . 101
Prem Chandra, Enespa, and Mukesh Kumar
9 Phytoremediation: Role of Mycorrhiza
in Plant Responses to Stress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Bimal K. Chetri
10 Integrated Approach for Bioremediation
and Biofuel Production Using Algae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
S. K. Mandotra, Afreen J. Lolu, Sunil Kumar, P. W. Ramteke,
and Amrik S. Ahluwalia
11 Dual Role of Microalgae: Phycoremediation Coupled
with Biomass Generation for Biofuel Production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Amit Kumar Singh, Harvesh Kumar Rana, Ravi Kumar Yadav,
and Abhay K. Pandey
12 Microalgae and Microorganisms: Important Regulators
of Carbon Dynamics in Wetland Ecosystem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Nisha Yadav and D. P. Singh
13 Bioremediation of Heavy Metals: A New Approach
to Sustainable Agriculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Gereraj Sen Gupta, Garima Yadav, and Supriya Tiwari
14 Wastewater Treatment Through Nanotechnology:
Role and Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Vivek K. Chaturvedi, Ankita Kushwaha, Shweta Maurya,
Nazish Tabassum, Himani Chaurasia, and M. P. Singh