Restoration of Coastal Dunes PDF
Preview Restoration of Coastal Dunes
Springer Series on Environmental Management Series Editors Bruce N. Anderson Planreal Australasia, Keilor, Victoria, Australia Robert W. Howarth Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Lawrence R. Walker University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/412 M. Luisa Martínez • Juan B. Gallego-Fernández Patrick A. Hesp Editors Restoration of Coastal Dunes 123 Editors Dr. M. Luisa Martínez Dr. Patrick A. Hesp Red de Ecología Functional School of the Environment Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Faculty of Science and Engineering Xalapa, Veracruz Flinders University Mexico Adelaide, SA Australia Dr. Juan B. Gallego-Fernández Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología Universidad de Sevilla Sevilla Spain ISSN 0172-6161 ISBN 978-3-642-33444-3 ISBN 978-3-642-33445-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-33445-0 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012954384 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover photograph: J. C. Hidalgo/Fotolia.com Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science?Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface The continuously growing human population along the coasts of our world will exacerbate the impact of human activities on all coastal environments. Therefore, restoration activities will become increasingly important. In particular, sandy shores and coastal dunes will require significant restoration efforts because they are preferred sites for human settlements and tourism. A major problem is that research into coastal dunes is scarce, despite the relative economic, social, and ecological importance of these ecosystems. The literature that deals with coastal dune restoration has increased significantly over the last decade, but the few books published on the subject mostly emphasize mid-latitude dune systems. As of January 2011, the ISI Web of Science database contained more than 60,000 articles on restoration, but less than 100 of them (\0.1 %) focus on coastal dunes, beaches, and slacks (or deflation basins and plains). In general, the information available on the ecology of coastal sand dunes is very uneven, and broad geo- graphical syntheses are rare. Examples of local coverage generally come from Europe and North America. There is a general lack of attention given to low- latitude coastal environments where much of the current exploitation and coastal development of tourism is occurring. To our knowledge, there are no books that deal with coastal dune restoration from a global perspective. The need for a worldwide compilation of experiences of restoration efforts is therefore evident. The International Conference on Management and Restoration of Coastal Dunes (Santander, Spain, 3–5 October 2007) provided an impetus to compare and contrast different restoration projects around the world and initiate interdisci- plinary and comparative studies. This book is the first step toward the development of international cooperation among those concerned about coastal sand dunes and their restoration. This book is directed mainly at graduate students and colleagues who are interested in biological, ecological, geographical, and environmental sciences. This book will also be useful to those with an interest in conservation biology and coastal management who seek information on the different strategies that have been used to restore coastal dunes in different regions of the world. This goal can only be achieved after a comprehensive review and comparison of ongoing studies v vi Preface and restoration activities, where ‘‘successful’’ and ‘‘failed’’ studies or approaches (however they are determined) are compared and contrasted. Finally, this book will be a resource for coastal planners, as well as for local and state officials, residents of coastal communities, environmental advocates, developers, and others concerned with coastal issues. A major product of this book is a compendium of empirical experiences showing that coastal dune restoration has many meanings, and thus, leads to many different actions. Coastal dune restoration may have the goal of increasing vege- tation cover and reducing substrate mobility, but it may also aim to remobilize sandy terrains in order to counteract the negative impact of overstabilization: reduced diversity. Here, the relevance of the different goals in restoration is shown very clearly. The meetings held to put together this book and organize the chapters received partial funding from grant no. 23669 (SEMARNAT-CONACYT), coordinated by M. Luisa Martinez. We are very grateful to Dieter Czseschlik, from Springer- Verlag, who originally invited Juan B. Gallego-Fernández to write a proposal for a book on coastal dune restoration. It was he who ignited this idea. Lawrence R. Walker read this book several times and provided very useful comments and recommendations. We are also grateful to Andrea Schlitzberger for her constant interest and support throughout the different stages of this book. Finally, we would like to thank our families and children for bearing with us while we were writing, assembling, and reviewing all the chapters. Thank you to Graziela Miot Da Silva, Nicholas Hesp (again!), Jonathan, Phoebe and Sebastian Hesp, Chary García , María Gallego García, Octavio Pérez-Maqueo, and Valeria Pérez Martínez. This book is dedicated to the memory of M. Anwar Maun (1935–2007), cherished friend and colleague who was a leader in coastal dune ecological studies. He is dearly missed by us and by all the coastal dune scientific community. M. Luisa Martínez Juan B. Gallego-Fernández Patrick A. Hesp Contents 1 Coastal Dunes: Human Impact and Need for Restoration . . . . . . 1 M. Luisa Martínez, Patrick A. Hesp and Juan B. Gallego-Fernández Part I Restoring Foredunes 2 Foredune Restoration in Urban Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Karl F. Nordstrom and Nancy L. Jackson 3 Restoration of Coastal Foredunes, a Geomorphological Perspective: Examples from New York and from New Jersey, USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Norbert P. Psuty and Tanya M. Silveira 4 Natural Plant Diversity Development on a Man-Made Dune System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Peter Vestergaard 5 Restoration of Foredunes and Transgressive Dunefields: Case Studies from New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Patrick A. Hesp and Michael J. Hilton 6 Foredune Restoration Before and After Hurricanes: Inevitable Destruction, Certain Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Rusty Feagin vii viii Contents Part II Restoring Inland Costal Dunes: Dunefields and Wetslacks 7 Restoration of Dune Mobility in The Netherlands . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Sebastiaan M. Arens, Quirinus L. Slings, Luc H. W. T. Geelen and Harrie G. J. M. Van der Hagen 8 The Impact of Dune Stabilization on the Conservation Status of Sand Dune Systems in Wales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Peter Rhind, Rod Jones and Laurence Jones 9 Restoration of Andalusian Coastal Juniper Woodlands . . . . . . . . 145 J. C. Muñoz-Reinoso, C. Saavedra Azqueta and I. Redondo Morales 10 Dune Restoration Over Two Decades at the Lanphere and Ma-le’l Dunes in Northern California . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 Andrea J. Pickart 11 Restoration of Coastal Sand Dunes for Conservation of Biodiversity: The Israeli Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Pua Bar (Kutiel) 12 Passive Recovery of Mediterranean Coastal Dunes Following Limitations to Human Trampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Alicia Teresa Rosario Acosta, Tommaso Jucker, Irene Prisco and Riccardo Santoro 13 Restoration of Dune Ecosystems Following Mining in Madagascar and Namibia: Contrasting Restoration Approaches Adopted in Regions of High and Low Human Population Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Roy A. Lubke 14 The Impacts on Natural Vegetation Following the Establishment of Exotic Casuarina Plantations. . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Patricia Moreno-Casasola, M. Luisa Martínez, Gonzalo Castillo-Campos and Adolfo Campos 15 Restoration of Dune Vegetation in The Netherlands. . . . . . . . . . . 235 Ab P. Grootjans, Bikila S. Dullo, Annemieke M. Kooijman, Renée M. Bekker and Camiel Aggenbach Contents ix 16 Interdune Wetland Restoration in Central Veracruz, Mexico: Plant Diversity Recovery Mediated by the Hydroperiod. . . . . . . . 255 Hugo López-Rosas, Patricia Moreno-Casasola, Fabiola López-Barrera, Lorena E. Sánchez-Higueredo, Verónica E. Espejel-González and Judith Vázquez Part III The Costs of Coastal Dune Restoration and Ecosystem Services 17 The Value of Coastal Sand Dunes as a Measure to Plan an Optimal Policy for Invasive Plant Species: The Case of the Acacia saligna at the Nizzanim LTER Coastal Sand Dune Nature Reserve, Israel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 David Lehrer, Nir Becker and Pua Kutiel (Bar) 18 The Coasts and Their Costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 O. Pérez-Maqueo, M. L. Martínez, D. Lithgow, G. Mendoza-González, R. A. Feagin and J. B. Gallego-Fernández Part IV Conclusions 19 Multicriteria Analysis to Implement Actions Leading to Coastal Dune Restoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Debora Lithgow, M. Luisa Martínez and Juan B. Gallego-Fernández 20 Coastal Dune Restoration: Trends and Perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . 323 M. Luisa Martínez, Patrick A. Hesp and Juan B. Gallego-Fernández Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Contributors Alicia Teresa Rosario Acosta Department of Environmental Biology, Università di Roma Tre, V.le Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy, e-mail: xii Contributors Rusty Feagin Spatial Sciences Laboratory, Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA, e- mail:
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