ebook img

Respiratory Diseases Research at NIOSH: Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health PDF

251 Pages·2008·1.62 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview Respiratory Diseases Research at NIOSH: Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Respiratory Diseases Research at NIOSH Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Committee to Review the NIOSH Respiratory Diseases Research Program Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology Division on Earth and Life Studies THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS • 500 Fifth Street, NW • Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance. This project was supported by Contract No. 211-2006-19152 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Any opinions, fndings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily refect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-11873-6 International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-11873-5 Cover: Photograph by Keith Weller, U.S. Department of Agriculture. The air-curtain orchard sprayer uses multiple crossfow fans to disperse pesticide to apple trees. Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2008 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Suggested citation: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine. 2008. Respiratory Disesases Research at NIOSH. Committee to Review the NIOSH Respiratory Diseases Research Program. Rpt. No. 4, Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonproft, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientifc and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal govern- ment on scientifc and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to as- sociate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientifc and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council. www.national-academies.org COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE NIOSH RESPIRATORY DISEASES RESEARCH PROGRAM Members MARk UTELL (Chair), University of Rochester, New York JOHN BALMES, University of California, San Francisco PAUL BLANC, University of California, San Francisco ELIzABETH CHAMBERLIN, Massey Coal Services, Chapmanville, WV ROGENE HENDERSON, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM DAVID MANNINO, University of Kentucky, Lexington JAMES MERCHANT, University of Iowa, Iowa City JACqUELINE NOWELL, United Food and Commercial Workers International, Washington, DC CHARLES POOLE, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill RICHARD SCHLESINGER, Pace University, New York, NY NOAH SEIxAS, University of Washington, Seattle IRA TAGER, University of California, Berkeley DAVID WEGMAN, University of Massachusetts, Lowell Staff k. JOHN HOLMES, Senior Program Offcer kARL E. GUSTAVSON, Senior Program Offcer DAVID J. POLICANSkY, Scholar RUTH E. CROSSGROVE, Senior Editor CAY BUTLER, Editor Mirsada Karalic-loncarevic, Manager, Technical Information Center JORDAN CRAGO, Senior Project Assistant MORGAN R. MOTTO, Senior Program Assistant RADIAH A. ROSE, Senior Editorial Assistant Sponsor NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH v Preface The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) was estab- lished by the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 to “conduct . . . research, experiments, and demonstrations relating to occupational safety and health” and to develop “innovative methods, techniques, and approaches for dealing with [those] problems.” One component of these activities is the Respiratory Diseases Research Program, whose stated mission is “to provide national and international leadership for the prevention of work-related respiratory diseases, using a scientifc approach to gather and synthesize information, create knowledge, provide recommendations, and deliver products and services to those who can effect prevention.” Work-related respiratory diseases are a serious problem of major magnitude. NIOSH indicates that deaths from work-related respiratory disease and malignancies account for about 70 percent of all occupational disease mortality. In this report, the Committee to Review the NIOSH Respiratory Diseases R esearch Program evaluates NIOSH’s Respiratory Diseases Research Program (RDRP). Using a framework developed by the NRC Committee to Review the NIOSH Research Program, this committee focused primarily on the last 10 years of RDRP activities to review the relevance and impact of RDRP’s research portfolio. In its evaluation the committee also discusses and makes recommendations for upcoming research areas and challenges to be addressed by RDRP. This report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by vii P r e f a c e viii the NRC’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in mak- ing its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confdential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following for their review of this report: Lisa Brosseau, University of Minnesota; William Bunn III, International Truck & Engine Corporation; David Christiani, Harvard School of Public Health; Ellen Eisen, Harvard School of Public Health; Terry Gordon, New York University; Joel Kaufman, University of Washington; Franklin Mirer, Hunter College of the City University of New York; Roger McCarthy, Exponent, Inc.; Gunter Oberdorster, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry; Lorann Stallones, Colorado State University; and James Weeks, Advanced Tech- nologies and Laboratories International, Inc. Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive com- ments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or rec- ommendations, nor did they see the fnal draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by the review coordinator Frank Speizer, Harvard Medical School, and the review monitor, Mark Cullen, Yale University School of Medicine. Appointed by the NRC, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accor- dance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the fnal content of this report rests entirely with the committee and the institution. The committee gratefully acknowledges the following for making presenta- tions to the committee: Michael Attfeld, Vincent Castranova, Paul Henneberger, Kathleen Kreiss, Jacek Mazurek, Paul Schulte, Lewis Wade, David Weissman, and Ainsley Weston, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Jim Cooper, Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturers Association; David Duebner, Brush Inc.; Amanda Edens and William Perry, Occupational Safety and Health Admin- istration; Franklin E. Mirer, Hunter College; George Niewiadomski, Mine Safety and Health Administration; James Weeks, Advanced Technologies and Laboratories International, Inc. The committee also thanks Raymond Sinclair, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, for serving as the liaison to the committee and for his outstanding service and professionalism. The committee is also grateful for the assistance of the NRC staff in prepar- ing this report. Staff members who contributed to this effort are K. John Holmes, Karl Gustavson, and David Policansky, study directors; James Reisa, director of the P r e f a c e ix Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology; Ruth Crossgrove and Cay Butler, editors; Mirsada Karalic-Loncarevic, research associate; and Morgan Motto, senior project assistant. I would especially like to thank the committee for their efforts throughout the development of this report. Mark J. Utell, Chair Committee to Review the NIOSH Respiratory Diseases Research Program

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.