Respiratory Diseases in Cattle: A Seminar in the EEC Programme of Coordination of Research on Beef Production held at Edinburgh, November 8–10, 1977

556 Pages·1978·13.05 MB·English

by  F. Lomba (auth.)

Respiratory Diseases in Cattle
Current Topics in Veterinary Medicine
Volume 3
other titles in this series
Volume 1
Control of Reproduction in the Cow
edited by J. R. Sreenan
Volume 2
Patterns of Growth and Development in Cattle
edited by H. de Boer and J. Martin
Respiratory Diseases in Cattle
A Seminar in the EEC Programme of Coordination of
Research on Beef Production held at Edinburgh,
November 8-10, 1977
Sponsored by the Commission of the European Communities,
Directorate-General for Agriculture, Coordination of Agricultural Research
Edited by
W.B. Martin
Animal Diseases Research Association,
Moredun Institute,
Edinburgh
Martinus Nijhoff - The Hague/Boston/London 1978
for
The Commission of the European Communities
Publication arranged by
Commission of the European Communities,
Directorate-General Scientific and Technical Information
and Information Management, Luxembourg.
EUR 6010 EN
©ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels-Luxembourg, 1978
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1978
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf of the
Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.
ISBN -13 :978-94-009-9752-3 e-ISBN -13: 978-94-009-9750-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-9750-9
Table of contents
Preface IX
Opening Remarks XI
SESSION 1 : INCIDENCE
Variation in the respiratory virus status of large bovine units in Belgium
F. Lomba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Respiratory diseases in calves - incidence and epidemiology in Denmark
O. Aalund . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Epidemiological survey of infectious bovine rhynotracheitis in France
G. Dannacher and M. Fedida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Respiratory diseases in cattle, disease incidence and epidemiology - the
situation in Germany
H. Frerking .............................. 30
Respiratory diseases in cattle in the Republic of Ireland
H. Thornberry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Statistical data on calf mortality and diseases in Italian beef and dairy herds
G. Rognoni and A. Bergamaschi .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 39
Bovine respiratory diseases -the situation in the Netherlands
A. van Nieuwstadt, P. Straver and C. Holzhauer ...... . 47
Disease incidence and epidemiology -the situation in the UK
L. H. Thomas ......... . . . . . . . . . . 57
A serosurvey of viruses during outbreaks of acute respiratory/enteric
disease in Swedish cattle
J. Moreno-Lopez and B. Morein 66
Disease incidence and epidemiology -the situation in the USA
D. G. McKercher 71
Discussion 84
SESSION 2A: PARASITIC AND ADULT. 89
The pneumonias of adult cattle
I.E. Selman ........ . 91
The pulmonary lesions characteristic of parasitic bronchitis and the com
moner pneumonias of adult cattle in Britain
H.M.Pirie ............................... 102
VI
Dictyocaulosis in Germany
H.J. Burger and V. Bunke 117
Allergic pathophysiology of bovine lung
P. Eyre 129
Discussion 138
SESSION 2B: ENVIRONMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Influence of environment on respiratory disease
A. Wiseman .. . ............ . 149
Influence of environment on respiratory disease
D. G. McKercher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Some factors influencing respiratory disease in growing bulls and the effect
of treatment on liveweight
A.H.Andrews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Studies of calf respiratory disease in a large commercial veal unit
W. M. Miller, J. W. Harkness, M. S. Richards and D. G. Pritchard 181
Discussion 195
SESSION 3: PNEUMONIA/VIRUSES 209
On respiratory viral infections in cattle in Denmark
V. Bitsch ................... . 211
Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection and symptoms of atypical intersti
tial pneumonia
C. Holzhauer 216
Epidemiology of respiratory diseases in calves in 1977 in the West of France
C. Le Jan and A. Asso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
The role of viruses in acute respiratory disease of cattle
E. J. Stott, L. H. Thomas, A. P. Collins, S. Hamilton, J. Jebbett and P. D. Luther 230
The role of viruses as aetiologic agents for respiratory diseases in cattle
O. C. Straub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
The respiratory troubles in cattle in Belgium
G. Wellemans, R. Strobbe and E. van Opdenbosch 248
Discussion 257
SESSION 4A: MYCOPLASMAS . . . . . . . . . . 277
Mycoplasmas involved in bovine pneumonia
H. Ern(!). . .............. . 279
VII
Respiratory disease and the incidence of pulmonary myco-
plasmasmosis in intensively-reared calves in Italy
P. Pignatelli . . . . . . . . . . 284
Isolation and pathogenicity of mycoplasmas from the res-
piratory tract of calves
R.N. Gourlay and C.J. Howard . 295
Some features of pulmonary mycoplasmosis in groups of naturally infected
calves
E.M. Allan 305
Defence mechanisms in calves against respiratory infections with myco
plasmas
C.J. Howard, R.N. Gourlay and G. Taylor 317
Discussion 326
SESSION 4B: BACTERIAL. 343
Pulmonary bacterial flora of pneumonic and non-pneumonic calves
E. M. Allan ........................... 345
The role of pasteurallae in respiratory diseases of cattle
N.J.L. Gilmour 356
Discussion 363
SESSION 5A: PATHOLOGY 379
The pathology of calfhood pneumonias
L. H. Thomas ........... . 381
Some pulmonary lesions of calves and their significance
H.M. Pirie. 389
Discussion 402
SESSION 5B: THERAPY 407
Pharmacological considerations of current methods of therapy
P. Eyre ......................... . 409
Treatment of infectious respiratory disease of calves
B. Martin 417
Discussion 423
SESSION 5C: IMMUNITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 429
Parainfluenza-3 virus neuraminidase and antineuraminidase in infection and
protection of the bovine respiratory tract
B. Morein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 431
VIII
The respiratory tract immune system
K.L. Morgan and F.J. Bourne 440
Anaphylactic antibodies in cattle - Their colostral transmission to calves and
possible localisation in the respiratory tract
K. Petzoldt and C. von Benten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 452
Immunology in calf respiratory disease
C. Le Jan and J. M. Asso 459
Discussion 476
SESSION 6A: VACCINATION 485
Bovine respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infection and vaccination experi
ments
A. van Nieuwstadt 487
Results of a small field trial with a multicomponent inactivated respiratory
viral vaccine
S. P. Morzaria, B.A. Maund, M. S. Richards and J. W. Harkness . . . . .. 497
Vaccination against bovine enzootic pneumonia
G. Wizigmann . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509
Experimental assessment of parainfluenza type 3 virus vaccines
P. W. Wells, J. M. Sharp and W. D. Smith ......... .. 515
Enzootic bronchopneumonia in young cattle, a constant challenge to the
clinician
H.J. Breukink 521
Discussion 527
SESSION 6B: APPLICATION OF RESEARCH AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 535
Application of research and future developments
J.B. McFerran, D.G. Bryson and M.S. McNulty 537
Discussion 548
Summary
D. G. McKercher 549
Closing remarks
P. L'Hermite 554
List of participants 557
PREFACE
Not so many years ago little attention was paid to non-parasitic
respiratory diseases of cattle because they seemed of minor importance.
However, in the past twenty years, as the number of cattle kept on any farm
unit increased under economic pressures, there has been a concomitant rise
in the prevalence of respiratory illness.
Investigations into cattle respiratory diseases have become a significant
part of the research effort in most countries of Europe. Initially much work
went into finding, like the alchemist's stone, the orgdnism responsible for
causing cattle respiratory disease. Many viruses were isolated and over the
years a long list of those recovered from the respiratory tract of cattle
has been prepared. Unfortunately, few of these viruses on their own are
recognised as proven pathogens and no single virus provides the complete
aetiological answer to bovine respiratory disease.
More recently, perhaps in despair, g~eater attention has been directed
to the role of mycoplasma and, additionally. a revival of interest has taken
place in the significant part played by bacteria in the later stages of res
piratory disease. Now, phrases such as "multifactorial disease" are being
commonly used to describe the complex situation with respiratory disease.
The respiratory infections of cattle do not respect international
boundaries. All countries involved in intensive beef or dairy production
are afflicted with the problem and the movement of large numbers of cattle
within, and between, countries disseminates infection and encourages outbreaks
of disease. Changes in agriCUltural methods as the result of economic pres
sures must be accepted. Consequently. veterinary surgeons and others engaged
in combating livestock diseases must perforce be involved in finding effective
ways to reduce or eliminate the deaths and performance losses which follow in
the wake of intensive animal production.
It is with this aim in mind that this Seminar has been organised on
behalf of the Directorate General of Agriculture of the Commission of the
European Communities and the participants collected together for three days
of intensive discussion. By such exchange of information and ideas it is
hoped that all those involved in the problem of respiratory disease in cattle
X
will be brought up to date with the situation in each country and with the
current research findings throughout Europe.
Answers to the problems of respiratory disease must and will be found,
and it is through the stimulation of seminars such as this one that progress
will be hastened.