Respiratory Critical Care (Hodder Arnold Publication) PDF
Preview Respiratory Critical Care (Hodder Arnold Publication)
Respiratory Critical Care Respiratory Critical Care Edited by Craig Davidson Consultant Physician in Intensive Care and Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and GKT School of Medicine, London, UK and David Treacher Consultant Physician in Intensive Care and Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and GKT School of Medicine, London, UK A member of the Hodder Headline Group LONDON First published in Great Britain in 2002 by Arnold, a member of the Hodder Headline Group, 338 Euston Road, London NW1 3BH http://www.arnoldpublishers.com Distributed in the United States of America by Oxford University Press Inc., 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press © 2002 Arnold All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronically or mechanically, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without either prior permission in writing from the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying. In the United Kingdom such licences are issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency: 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T4LP. Whilst the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In particular (but without limiting the generality of the preceding disclaimer) every effort has been made to check drug dosages; however it is still possible that errors have been missed. Furthermore, dosage schedules are constantly being revised and new side-effects recognized. For these reasons the reader is strongly urged to consult the drug companies' printed instructions before administering any of the drugs recommended in this book. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 0 340 76289 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 Commissioning Editor: Joanna Koster Production Editor: James Rabson Production Controller: Martin Kerans Cover Designer: Mouse Mat Design Typeset in 10/12 Minion and Ocean Sans by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in Italy by Giunti Contents Colour plate section appears between pages 116 and 117 Contributors vii Foreword x Preface xi 1 Respiratory muscles, pulmonary mechanics and ventilatory control 1 Annabel H Nickol and Michael I Polkey 2 Mechanical ventilation: the basics 21 John CGoldstone 3 Mechanical ventilation: ventilatory strategies 32 Hilmar Burchardi 4 Ventilator-patient interaction 47 John CGoldstone 5 Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure 58 Bernd Schbnhofer 6 Contemporary issues in critical care physiotherapy 70 Michael Barker, Sheric G Ellum and Sarah EJ Keilty 7 Diagnostic methods in respiratory intensive care medicine 80 Torsten T Bauer and Antoni Torres 8 Monitoring 88 Richard Beale 9 Respiratory emergencies I: Medical 105 Richard M Leach 10 Respiratory emergencies II: Chest trauma, air leaks and tracheostomy 124 Richard M Leach and David A Waller vi Contents 11 Pathophysiology of acute lung injury 138 S John Wort and Tim W Evans 12 Management of acute lung injury 153 Keith G Hickling and Andrew Bersten 13 Weaning from mechanical ventilation 170 Stefano Nava, Michele Vitacca and Annalisa Carlucci 14 Community-acquired pneumonia 181 Wei Shen Lim and John T Macfarlane 15 Nosocomial pneumonia 192 Jean-Louis Vincent, Baudouin Byl and Daliana Peres Bota 16 Infection in the immunocompromised patient 201 David Ghez, Jean-Francois Timsit and Jean Carlet 17 Pleural disease 217 Wolfgang Frank and Robert Loddenkemper 18 Acute interstitial lung disease 235 Richard Marshall 19 Pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension 249 Graham F Pineo, Russell D Hull and Gary E Raskob 20 Organizational issues in respiratory critical care 263 Adrian J Williams 21 Ethical issues in the intensive care unit 271 Sean P Keenan and William J Sibbald 22 Respiratory failure: new horizons, new challenges 278 A Craig Davidson and David F Treacher Index 294 Contributors Michael Barker Physiotherapy Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and GKT School of Medicine, London, UK Torsten T Bauer Abteilung fur Pneumologie, Allergologie und Schlafmedizin, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Bergmannsheil Klinikum der Ruhr-Universitat, Bochum, Germany Richard Beale Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and GKT School of Medicine, London, UK Andrew Bersten Department of Critical Care Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, Australia Hilmar Burchardi Zentrum Anaesthesiologie, Rettungs- und Intensivmedizin, University Hospital, Gottingen, Germany Baudouin Byl Infectious Diseases Clinic, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium Jean Carlet Reanimation Polyvalente, St Joseph Hospital, Paris, France Annalisa Carlucci Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Centro Medico di Pavia IRCCS, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Pavia, Italy A Craig Davidson Intensive Care and Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and GKT School of Medicine, London, UK Sheric G Ellum Physiotherapy Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and GKT School of Medicine, London, UK Tim W Evans Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK viii Contributors Wolfgang Frank Klinik III, Johanniter Krankenhaus im Flaming, Treuenbrietzen, Germany David Ghez Reanimation Polyvalente, St Joseph Hospital, Paris, France John C Goldstone The Centre for Anaesthesia, The Middlesex Hospital, London, UK Keith G Hickling Goldcoast Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia Russell D Hull Department of Medicine, Thrombosis Research Unit, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Sean P Keenan Royal Columbian Hospital, New Westminster, British Columbia, Canada Sarah EJ Keilty Physiotherapy Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and GKT School of Medicine, London, UK Richard M Leach Intensive Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and GKT School of Medicine, London, UK Wei Shen Lim Respiratory Infection Research Group, Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK Robert Loddenkemper Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany John T Macfarlane Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK Richard Marshall Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, Rayne Institute, London, UK Stefano Nava Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Centro Medico di Pavia IRCCS, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Pavia, Italy Annabel H Nickol Respiratory Muscle Laboratory, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK Daliana Peres Bota Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium Graham F Pineo Department of Medicine, Thrombosis Research Unit, Foothills Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Contributors ix Michael I Polkey Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK Gary E Raskob Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, and Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA Bernd Schonhofer Krankenhaus Kloster Grafschaft, Zentrum fur Pneumologie, Beatmungs- und Schlafmedizin, Schmallenberg-Grafschaft, Germany William J Sibbald Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook and Women's Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Jean-Francois Timsit Reanimation medicate et infectieuse, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France Antoni Torres Hospital Clinic i Provincial, Serve! de Pneumologia i Allergia Respiratoria, Barcelona, Spain David F Treacher Intensive Care and Respiratory Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and GKT School of Medicine, London, UK Jean-Louis Vincent Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium Michele Vitacca Respiratory Intensive Care Unit, Istituto Scientifico di Gussago, Fondazione S. Maugeri, Pavia, Italy David A Waller Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK Adrian J Williams Lane-Fox Respiratory Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital Trust and GKT School of Medicine, London, UK S John Wort Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK Foreword Intensive care is increasingly being recognized on urgent ventilation using the most up-to-date a worldwide basis as a specialty within its own techniques. Within this spectrum lies a large right, and the appropriate training programmes and number of complex issues which require very diplomas have now been introduced in many considerable expertise. countries. It is quite clear to many of us within the This book covers these issues with particular intensive care community that a multi-disciplinary conciseness but without losing anything in clarity. approach to the care of the critically ill patient The authors are internationally recognized as experts provides better care in every sense of the word. in their fields and have produced an authoritative Organ dysfunction is, of course, the major text that can and should be used by all physicians problem with most intensive care patients, and who are interested in the management of patients pulmonary dysfunction is particularly common. with acute respiratory problems in the intensive and Patients range from those with severe obstructive high dependency environments. airway disease, where the prime objective might be to try and prevent intubation and ventilation, to David Bennett those with severe acute respiratory distress Professor of Intensive Care Medicine syndrome who are profoundly hypoxic and require St George's Hospital, London, UK
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