Respiratory Contagion

104 Pages·2016·1.56 MB·English

by  Mieczyslaw Pokorski (eds.)

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 905
Neuroscience and Respiration
Mieczyslaw Pokorski Editor
Respirator y
Contagion
Advances in Experimental Medicine
and Biology
Neuroscience and Respiration
Volume 905
Editorial Board
Irun R. Cohen, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
N.S.AbelLajtha,KlineInstituteforPsychiatricResearch,Orangeburg,NY,USA
John D. Lambris, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Rodolfo Paoletti, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Subseries Editor
Mieczyslaw Pokorski
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13457
Mieczyslaw Pokorski
Editor
Respiratory Contagion
Editor
MieczyslawPokorski
PublicHigherMedicalProfessionalSchoolinOpole
InstituteofNursing
Opole,Poland
ISSN0065-2598 ISSN2214-8019 (eBook)
AdvancesinExperimentalMedicineandBiology
ISBN978-3-319-30603-2 ISBN978-3-319-30604-9 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-30604-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016941177
#SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016
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Preface
The book series Neuroscience and Respiration presents contributions by
expert researchers and clinicians in the field of pulmonary disorders. The
chapters provide timely overviews of contentious issues or recent advances
in the diagnosis, classification, and treatment of the entire range of pulmo-
narydisorders,bothacuteandchronic.Thetextsarethoughtasamergerof
basic and clinical research dealing with respiratory medicine, neural and
chemical regulation of respiration, and the interactive relationship between
respiration and other neurobiological systems such as cardiovascular func-
tionorthemind-to-bodyconnection.Theauthorsfocusontheleading-edge
therapeutic concepts, methodologies, and innovative treatments. Pharmaco-
therapy is always in the focus of respiratory research. The action and
pharmacology of existing drugs and the development and evaluation of
new agents are the heady area of research. Practical, data-driven options to
manage patients will be considered. New research is presented regarding
older drugs, performed from a modern perspective or from a different
pharmacotherapeutic angle. The introduction of new drugs and treatment
approachesinbothadultsandchildrenalsoisdiscussed.
Lung ventilation is ultimately driven by the brain. However, neuropsy-
chologicalaspectsofrespiratorydisordersarestillmostlyamatterofconjec-
ture. After decades of misunderstanding and neglect, emotions have been
rediscovered as a powerful modifier or even the probable cause of various
somatic disorders. Today, the link between stress and respiratory health is
undeniable. Scientists accept a powerful psychological connection that can
directlyaffectourqualityoflifeandhealthspan.Psychologicalapproaches,
bydecreasingstress,canplayamajorroleinthedevelopmentandtherapyof
respiratorydiseases.
Neuromolecular aspects relating to gene polymorphism and epigenesis,
involvingbothheritablechangesinthenucleotidesequence,andfunctionally
relevantchangestothegenomethatdonotinvolveachangeinthenucleotide
sequence, leading to respiratory disorders will also be tackled. Clinical
advancesstemmingfrommolecularandbiochemicalresearcharebutpossi-
ble if the research findings are translated into diagnostic tools, therapeutic
procedures,andeducation,effectivelyreachingphysiciansandpatients.All
thatcannotbeachievedwithoutamultidisciplinary,collaborative,bench-to-
bedsideapproachinvolvingbothresearchersandclinicians.
v
vi Preface
Thesocietalandeconomicburdenofrespiratoryailmentshasbeenonthe
rise worldwide leading to disabilities and shortening of life span. COPD
alone causes more than three million deaths globally each year. Concerted
efforts are required to improve this situation, and part of those efforts are
gaining insights into the underlying mechanisms of disease and staying
abreast with the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment regimens.
Itishopedthatthebookspublishedinthisserieswillassumealeadingrolein
the field of respiratory medicine and research and will become a source of
referenceandinspirationforfutureresearchideas.
I would like to express my deep gratitude to Mr. Martijn Roelandse and
Ms. Tanja Koppejan from Springer’s Life Sciences Department for their
genuineinterestinmakingthisscientificendeavorcomethroughandinthe
expertmanagementoftheproductionofthisnovelbookseries.
Opole,Poland MieczyslawPokorski
Contents
TheStressReaction:AHistoricalPerspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
OrenRomandAbrahamZ.Reznick
TheEnvironmentalDomainofQualityofLifeinPatients
withChronicRespiratoryDiseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
DonataKurpas,KatarzynaSzwamel,andBoz˙enaMroczek
IncidenceandClinicalCourseofRespiratoryViralCoinfections
inChildrenAged0–59Months. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
A.Nitsch-Osuch,E.Kuchar,A.Topczewska-Cabanek,K.Wardyn,
K.Z˙ycin´ska,andL.Brydak
AntibioticPrescriptionPracticesAmongChildren
withInfluenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A.Nitsch-Osuch,E.Gyrczuk,A.Wardyn,K.Z˙ycinska,
andL.Brydak
AntigenicDriftofA/H3N2/VirusandCirculation
ofInfluenza-LikeVirusesDuringthe2014/2015Influenza
SeasoninPoland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
K.Bednarska,E.Hallmann-Szelin´ska,K.Kondratiuk,
andL.B.Brydak
GrowingAntibioticResistanceinFatalCases
ofStaphylococcalPneumoniaintheElderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
JosefYayanandKurtRasche
PolymorphismofFCGR2A,FCGR2C,andFCGR3B Genes
inthePathogenesisofSarcoidosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
M.Typiak,K.Re˛bała,M.Dudziak,J.M.Słomin´ski,
andA.Dubaniewicz
ChronicCoughasaFemaleGenderIssue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
N.Kavalcikova-Bogdanova,T.Buday,J.Plevkova,andW.J.Song
TreatmentOptionsforCentralSleepApnea:Comparison
ofVentilator,Oxygen,andDrugTherapies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
JosefYayanandKurtRasche
vii
viii Contents
TheGuineaPigSensitizedbyHouseDustMite:AModel
ofExperimentalCoughStudies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
T.Buday,S.Gavliakova,J.Mokry,I.Medvedova,
N.Kavalcikova-Bogdanova,andJ.Plevkova
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
AdvsExp.Medicine,Biology-NeuroscienceandRespiration(2016)20:1–4
DOI10.1007/5584_2015_195
#SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015
Publishedonline:25February2016
The Stress Reaction: A Historical
Perspective
Oren Rom and Abraham Z. Reznick
Abstract
The history of stress research – milestones and people. Definitions and
modernconceptsofstressaswellastheconflictbetweenHansSelyeand
thepsychologistsaredescribedinthisreview.Themolecularandphysio-
logicalmechanismsofstressandtheirpossiblepharmacologicalinterven-
tion are introduced. The cycle of stress is presented as a new concept of
the stress reaction, trying to bridge the gap between physiology and
psychology. The cycle is a circular event in life, composed of 4 phases:
(1)therestinggroundphase,(2)thetensionphase,(3)theresponsephase,
and(4)thereliefphase.Ineachphase,bothphysiologicalandpsycholog-
icalcomponentscanbeassessed.Thesecomponentsarethebasisforthe
properhandlingofeachphaseandprovideaunifiedmodelforthepsycho-
biologicalresponsetostress.Inaddition,parametersofthecyclesuchas
frequency,duration,andintensitycanbemeasured,providinganeffective
toolforstressmanagement.Finally,moderntechniquesandmechanisms
forcopingwithstressarediscussedliketheNorwegianGateTheoryand
LazarusDichotomyModel forthe Stress Reaction.Inthe above models,
specific examples of how people respond to the first time encounter of
stressfuleventsandhowsoldierscopewithstressarepresented.
Keywords
Stresshistory(cid:129)Stressresearch(cid:129)Copingmechanisms(cid:129)Gatetheory(cid:129)Stress
physiology
1 Historical Introduction
O.Rom
RappaportFacultyofMedicine,Technion,IsraelInstitute
ofTechnology,Haifa,Israel 1.1 Research Before Hans Selye
A.Z.Reznick(*)
DepartmentofAnatomyandCellBiology,Rappaport Several scientific giants have contributed to the
FacultyofMedicine,Technion;EfronSt.,
foundationsofstressresearchinthe19thcentury.
P.O.Box:9649,BatGalim,Haifa31096,Israel
e-mail:[email protected] CharlesDarwin(1809–1892)inhismonumental
1