Resource assessment of non-wood forest products [elektronische middelen] : experience and biometric principles

128 Pages·2001·4.9 MB·English

by  Wong, Jennifer L.G

,
Resource
assessment of
non-wood forest
products
Experienceandbiometric
principles
aAOotFUNfghrnanorogitdoiatidcneouidnlzstautrieon
ffliaterial
NON-WOODFORESTPRODUCTS
Resource
assessment of
non-wood forest
products
Experienceandbiometric
principles
JenniferL.G.Wong
SchoolofAgriculturalandForestSciences,
UniversityofWales,Bangor,Gwynedd,UK
KirstiThornber
LTSInternational,PentlandsSciencePark,
BushLoan,Penicuik,Edinburgh,Scotland,UK
NellBaker
TropicalForestResourceGroup,
SouthParksRoad,Oxford,UK
8 DFIDEl- HH
FOODANDAGRICULTUREORGANIZATIONOFTHEUNITEDNATIONS
Rome,2001
Copyrightedmaterial
Reprinted2001
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ISBN92-5-104614-X
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©FAO2001
Copyrightedmaterial
iii
Foreword
cTohnecelrasntidngecNaWdFePhsa.sTwhitenceusrsreedntaisntteereepstinincrNeWasFePisnianmteornegststandactivities
cgornosueprsvahtaiosnipsrtosm,pftoerdesnteurmse,rdoeuvselioniptmiaetnitvewsoarikmeerdsaatnpdrionmdoitgienngoNusWpFePopluesse'
andcommercializationasameansofimprovingthewell-beingofrural
populationsand,atthesametime,conservingexistingforests.
Rarelyaretheseinitiativeslinkedtostudiesonthesustainableexploitation
oofntthheeprreosdouucrtcsetahabtunadreanpcreo,modtisetdr,ibautnidonn,oanacdcruerpartoeduicntfoirvmeabtiioolnogisy,avwahiilcahblies
necessaryforthedeterminationofthebiologicallysustainableharvestlevels
ofaproduct.
AtNcmihounlWuelvtFntohltilPoartvusciuegek,ddhseo,fiftnaoihgnrsNelmdrroWaeeblvlaFaailrrstPliieyoev,sfaetotlsyoueyrsronenfcesceevNsoewnWamnsesFainsnPndtaedset,sri,shoatnmabhtaeslehlenelrotyirem,guncolaedrftniieiNivgcpzeWleoaidngFtconiiPliutiostyzsnt,elaoekdlfnaeiatcsontnpwoteedlenmcretimfeidaisoolgntnlanesnytcafotiionenadrdrlatsmtrcpdieooein.pncsiosicTcltfiahoriplgaecliyinnatesns,d
unitsofmeasurementallcontributetomaketheassessmentofNWFPs,and
oftheresourcesprovidingthem,adifficulttask.
Thepurposeofthispublicationistoraiseawarenessontheimportanceof
aNcWcFuPrast,eaannddptroepcriosveirdeesgouuirdcaenacsesoensstmheendtessiagtnalalnldevselesleocftifoonreosftaupsperofporriate
methodsforresourcequantificationindifferentsituationsandfordifferent
parpopdruocatcs.heIstduoseesdsaontdhdroeuvgehlotpheedrteovideawteantodmaenaalsyusriesoNfWtFhePwiredseourracnegse.of
Tcrionehucgenlituobrdnoieseossak,pnrbdbauuciattllildwtsipeormnooaedsrrusetc,ltcysro.eonsvnTeihaenrexccpehpederrrotisshe,panetcncaeitttsiwuvirileanllafbourerdeeiossfeotnurercecceloeeosvmfyaatsnhntciaeesgmapesunrbdislniuctasranoetdpiitoaconlallall
developmentworkerswithaninterestinsustainableforestutilization.
TfWProherorisoosoIgdnurptruaecFbrmeolnmriaaeectsasi'tsotsineoPa(snlrFsoiDRmdsePeubv)ncaettpslsrmeoeSedp-etpmrohreinooenjdsttes,hc.-tewiDZFotFuFhAIti0DOnp0)u,t7uthn7soedno(effortrftthathoemheoeebkFwiUoootnrmhrieeektstpetroudifRbcaKlesisicosenufhargicrrdnuecgornhmrtienpnDiatetrspNtaNnWroetFnrsm-Pheinpt
pmertohgordaomlmogeiweisthfotrhNeWEuFrPopaesasnesCsommemnits.sionaimedatdeveloping
WorkonNWFPassessmentisanimportantactivityintheFAOForestry
DFRoeerpseaosruttrmcReeenssto,AusrisncveeosslsvDmiinevgnisetixo-pneFr(RtaiAns)de,ifatrsnofdmlatvghaserhiiFopourpserstotecgPhrrnaiomcdamulcetufsnoirtDsit,vhieisniGoplanorb(taitclhurlFoaourrgethshte
itsNon-WoodForestProductsProgramme).
DFIDandFAObelievethatsustainableharvestinganduseofNWFPsmay
contributetoimprovedhouseholdnutrition,incomeandemploymentand,
therefore,arecommittedtocontinueprovidingassistanceforthe
Resourceassessmentofnon-woodforestproducts:Experienceandbiometricprinciples Thls One
developmentofmethodsfortheaccurateevaluationofNWFPsandthe
resourcesproducingthem.
Ihitnosipstieatutpthilaoetnasistuiwnriletlhfieosnricumospuortroatgarenetlmeaoassrpeeetcrhteissoefpausrbuclsihtcaaaitnnidaobndleaevsfeoalroecspotmmemmnatonnawgoeerfkmfoerftnr.toW.meother
WulfKillmann JohnPalmer
Director ManagerofDFID's
ForestProductsDivision centrally-funded
FAO ForestryResearch
Programme(FRP)
NaturalResources
International
Limited(NRIL)
Resourceessessmentofnon-woodforestproducts;Experienceandbiometricprinciples
Copyrightedmaterial
Acknowledgements
wTthoherekFpsorrhoeojspetcttRhteahtsaetbarcroocumghmhitPsrtsooiggoerntahemedrmteahe(rFapRnrPgepe)aoorffatDpieFooInpDlo.feTtihhniitsseprpearsoptjeeerdctiisnoarNgnWainFniizPtieadtiaveof
oaasnnsdperwsiaosrmsietyhnotrs,etsteeodadrbicyshcttuhhseesmEteuhsre.onpTeeheaednwfToorrropqkiusachnaotliptFawotraiesvsethaeRsledsseeisnasrRmcoehmntNesetianwnoMdraktyo2d0ec0i0de
(ETFRN)andtheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations
(FAO).Theworkshopendorsedthefindingsofthereviewandprovidedthe
impetusforthepublicationofthispaper.
ThereviewpaperwaswrittenbyJennyWongandthefinaldraftofthis
publicationwaspreparedbyJennyWong,KirstiThornberandNellBaker.
Manypeoplecontributedpublishedandunpublishedpapers,personal
aOdfvtihceemaanndysuppepooprlteiwnhtohecdoentvreilboutpemde,ntthoefftohlelotweicnhgnidceaslecrovnetsepnetcoifalthmiesnptaipoenr:.
JamesAcworth,BrentBailey,NeilBird,BobBum,CarolGrossmann,Becky
Kerns,SandroLeidi,PatrickMallet,MarcRarren,OliverPhilips,DavePilz,
GiovanniPreto,JanetRock,KateSchreckenberg,PatricaShanleyandDoug
Shiel.
DieterPeltz(UniversityofFrieburg);MikePhilips(retiredlecturer,formerlyat
AberdeenUniversity);BenVoysey(LTSInternational);andJorgeMalleux,
WLialukriaeR(uFsAsOo),pPreotvriadevdanexdteenKsoipv,ePcaoumlmVeannttsoomnmeth,eSdvraefntsW.alter,andMetteL.
FEitnhaelriendgittionng,anprdooRforbeeardtiangDianChdiafroar.matMtainrgcowaPserrdiopnreebpyarEeldistaheRuCbiDniR,OTiMna
accompanyingthepublication.Overallcoordinationfortheeditingand
aptubtlhieshFiAngOoFfotrheisstpruyblDiecpaatritomnewnats.providedbyLauraRusso,ForestryOfficer
Tsuhpapnokrstawraesdkueeyttooalilmpirnvoovlivnegdtihnetohuetpwuotrkasnhdoipsagrnadteefduiltliynagcpkrnoocweslse;dgtheids
FAOalsoexpressesitssinceregratitudetotheEuropeanCommissionfor
thefinancialsupport(throughtheTropicalForestBudgetLineB7-6201/98-
08A/III/FOR)totheworkshopandthepublicationofthepresentdocument.
Resourceassessmentofnon-woodforestproducts:Experienceandbiometricprinciples
A 61
Contents .
AAGFclcokorrnsoeosnwwalyoremrydsdgements....... _ , , . . - - xxiVHiilviiii
Executivesummary - xvii
SECTION1lNTRQDUCTIQN
L1.J2 0WahiaBt.TISmaS.NOWfPTPH?EPARI.H 22
DCellaisnsiitlikoanlsionsystems/or\'H77’\ , J2
11..34STchioBAspapepcpuarkbnolqidarccqlahitum.ikiotsdnac.t'soiophniesstaonrdyalnidmibtaastisions .... 443
Aroute-map’throughthedocument 7
SAESCSTEISOSNM2ENTTHEROLEOFBIOMETRICSjN>WFPRESOURCE 9
2.1 THEROLEOFRESOURCEASSESSMENTiNSUSTAINABLENWFPHARVESTING
2.2/orWUa3hlyneeisdqsuantitativeresourceinformationne—eded? 112
Nationalpolicyandstrategicplanning 12
Criteriaandindicators 13
Certification 13
Monitoringendangeredspecies 14
13 Whatmakesastudyriqmf.tricai.i.ysound? L4
Objectivity 16
Numberofplots 16
Independenceofobservations 1
2 H(1\VHOODARF.EXISTINGMETHODS? LZ
Reportingofprotocols 17
Objectivity’insamplingdesigns 17
Plotnumhers IX
Plotindependence IS
Biometricvalueofreviewedstudies 18
2.5WhIeSnBiIsObMiEoTmeRtIrCiScsA;LrWelAeYvSanNt1ECESSARY? 22101
SF.CTION3QUANTITATIVESTUDIESONNWFPS 23
3JMaFniynddelsniugndsu,xsinnoglneusturaucituurteARhsoLi&CLispresent 2244
Inventoryforasingleresourcespecies 25
22IDIPMMnneieecvcvaaIlekess'unilIuudtnNorrioDgpiiInriNNnngynLggWfiNgoFt\WPrmhiLPFee!emslItPpodhrsrUoooeuldditLuntiochUsifatpLnneevLcxeoUiinnfstQietoicir'arnilAgeelssytKoifhfumoSorbrrUceLoeNrt'sWhKipeFnLervLcPeipsneutsroprosysodemasteaseextasm*ples —22222322679922
Choiceofsamplingscheme 33
3.3WorMkii-nagslo:uRLtN_ouv.eraaml\lvy:ieml^d^estimates rails 3352
Resourceassessmentofnon-woodforestproducts:Experienceandbiometricprinciples
2
Usingpermanentsampleplots 3?
Comparingharvestedandnan-harvestedsites 38
Experimentalharvests 3S
Measuringindividualplantsonseveraloccasions 39
3.4 DETERMININGSLSTALNABLEHARVESTLEVELS 40
Definingsustainability' 40
SustainabilityandNWFPs,..,. 40
Assessinghowcloseaspeciesistooverexploitation 41
Adjustingharvestlevelsiftheyappearunsustainable 42
Usingmodelstopredictfutureyieldsofplants 44
Modelsforassessingthesustainabilityofhunting 45
IS MilNllllRlMA-I]H.:.Sli£lIi-SSlR-MANAlibMENI.AC'IJOhlS 42
LMoeoaksiunrginagtwwhhaattihsalsefbteaefntehrahrvaens'teesdt.ing 447S
Localparticipationinmonitoring 49
3.6InvPoalvritnigcilopcaatlopreyopalpeproaches - . - 55Q0
Useandvalueoflocalknowledge 51
Combininglocalandscientificknowledge 52
TheroleofparticipationinSIVFPinventory 53
SREECSTOIUORNC4ECAOSNSTERSISBMUETNITONSFROMOTHERA—PPR.OACHESTOISWFP
4J moniVERSlTYINVENTORY S&
4.2 Socialsciencetechniques 56
4EJTSEHQotuNcahLOinnaBtQolibOQtosTaKtcAtaiMiNenvQnYieccAeeaTltdhMaintnBovabeCocnEttoBoal8rlnJyevE.gBaiQnaIndImANeWCtUFhoLPdTs*UinRvAeLntPo—ErRySPECTIVE . -32557698
4.5 Economicmethods 60
SECTION5DESIGNINGABIOMETRICINVENTORYFORNWFPS.—61
5.lForDmeaclidvi.vnignfworhmeatlhmeerthbioodms?etricsisimportant, 6622
Selectingappropriatemethods 62
Whatgoesintoa'good'design? f>4
Consultativeapproach 64
Lineardecisionmodel. 64.
1.FTrraaAmdNee.w1oNoffYrsEk.wsMh..Q.e..nRfYoDc..uE.sSiInGgNonnECNlW.FSKP?sN-SLTimi.FRAMEWORK 666626
Narrowingdownthedesignoptions 67
Choosingasamplingdesign 69
Choosingasuitablesampleplotlayout 7/
Decidinghowtomeasuretheproduct 73
Decidinghowmanyplotsareneeded 74
SJDatRaeshaenadrlcinhg,isasnuaelsysis,interpretationandpresentation 2765
Disseminationofbiometricadvice ?S
Developmentofnovelmethods 7H
Useoflocalknowledge 79
SECTION6.LITERATURERESOURCES 811
6J References &J
6_2 Furtherreading 89
6.3 Supplementaryliterature 93
SECTION7ANNEXES 9$
Resourceassessmentofnon-woodforestproducts:Experienceandbiometricprinciples
Copyrightedmaterial
AAAnnnnnneeexxx231...ECUlxnadasemsrpisflitecaanotdfiioNnnWgopFflPNoftisVnFavPnesndts-ourebyxpaolmuotptpsluetssofapproachesused 11009126
AAnnnneexx45..SUsoemfeulcuirnsrteinttultyiounsseadnadnWdeebmesritgeisngsamplingmethods 110038
( J
Resourceassessmentofnon-woodforestproducts:Experienceandbiometricprinciples
Tables
TTaabbllee21::NReupmrbeesernotfatrieovnieowfeNdWsFtuPdipelsanbtyrleifseo-ufrocrmetypesandplant 6
partsinreview 6
TTaabbllee43::UNsWeFsPofsianmfpolrimnagtidoensfirgonmsrinesroeuvriceeweadsssetsudsimeesnts 1127
TTaabbllee56::BSiuommmetarriycqoufalmiatiiensfoafilrinegvsieofweNdWsFtuPdireessourceassessmentf1or9
valuationstudies 21
Table7:Inventorymethodologyusedbysingleresourcestudies....26
Table8:Examplesoftechniquesusedforquantifyingproductyield33
Table9:Summaryofalternativemethodsforcalculatinganoverall
yield 35
Table10:Productivitystudiesundertakenonpairedstudysites 38
Table11:Criteriausedinrapidvulnerabilityassessment 42
Table12:Degreesofparticipation-fromco-optiontocollectiveaction
50
Tableus1e3s:iEnxNamWpFlPesionfveanrteoarsyoflocalknowledgeandtheirpossible51
Table14:Correspondenceoffolkandscientificnames 52
Table15:Externallyleadbehaviouralresearchmethods 58
Table16:Changingmethodsinethnobotany 59
Table17:Methodsforquantifyingspeciesusevalues 59
Table18:Objectivesandtheneedforbiometricrigour 63
Table19:Decisionmodelforassessingbiometricrigourrequiredin
inventorydesign 66
TTaabbllee2210::FInrtaemgreawtoiornkofforstNudWiFesPvisnovpetnitmoirzyadteiosnigonfmethods 6678
Table22:Matchingsamplingdesigntotargetpopulation
characteristics 70
TTaabbllee2234::PElxoatmcpolnefipguorsastiibolnesetnhuamtecroautlidonbepruosteodcoflosrfNorWNFPWsFP 72
resourceassessment 73
Table25:Summaryofidentifiedresearchtopics 77
Figures
Figurseus1t:aiFnleodw-ycihealrdtboafsaisbasicstrategyformanagingNWFPsona10
Figure2:recisionandaccuracyofabiometricstudy 15
Figure3:Basicstructureofaquantitativeinventorydesign 24
Figurhear4v:eFsltoowfcNhWarFtPofpblaasnticrestsroautrecgeysforestablishingsustainable 43
Figure5:Atypologyofsamplingdesigns 69
Boxes
Box1:Calculationofsamplingerrors 15
Box2:Developingplotlayoutandmeasurementtechniquesforrattan
inventory 30
Box3:Permanentsamplingplots(PSPs)protocolsusedforfruit
production 37
Box4:Usingpermanentsamplingplots(PSPs)forpalmsinMexico38
Resourceassessmentofnon-woodforestproducts:Experienceandbiometricprinciples
Copyrightedmaterial