Resilience and Regional Dynamics: An International Approach to a New Research Agenda PDF
Preview Resilience and Regional Dynamics: An International Approach to a New Research Agenda
Advances in Spatial Science Hugo Pinto · Teresa Noronha · Eric Vaz Editors Resilience and Regional Dynamics An International Approach to a New Research Agenda Advances in Spatial Science The Regional Science Series Serieseditors ManfredM.Fischer Jean-ClaudeThill JoukevanDijk HansWestlund Foundingeditors GeoffreyJ.D.Hewings PeterNijkamp FolkeSnickars This series contains scientific studies focusing on spatial phenomena, utilising theoretical frameworks, analytical methods, and empirical procedures specifically designedforspatialanalysis.AdvancesinSpatialSciencebringstogetherinnovative spatialresearchutilisingconcepts,perspectives,andmethodsrelevanttobothbasic science and policy making. The aim is to present advances in spatial science to an informedreadershipinuniversities,researchorganisations,andpolicy-makinginsti- tutionsthroughouttheworld. The type of material considered for publication in the series includes: Mono- graphsoftheoreticalandappliedresearchinspatialscience;state-of-the-artvolumes in areas of basic research; reports of innovative theories and methods in spatial science;tightlyeditedreportsfromspeciallyorganisedresearchseminars.Theseries andthevolumespublishedinitareindexedbyScopus. Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/3302 (cid:129) (cid:129) Hugo Pinto Teresa Noronha Eric Vaz Editors Resilience and Regional Dynamics An International Approach to a New Research Agenda Editors HugoPinto TeresaNoronha FaculdadedeEconomia,Edificio9 FaculdadedeEconomia,Edf.9 UniversityofAlgarve UniversityofAlgarve Faro,Portugal Faro,Portugal EricVaz GeographyandEnvironmentalStudies RyersonUniversity Toronto,Ontario,Canada ISSN1430-9602 ISSN2197-9375 (electronic) AdvancesinSpatialScience TheRegionalScienceSeries ISBN978-3-319-95134-8 ISBN978-3-319-95135-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95135-5 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018952474 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe materialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Acknowledgements The editors would like to thank all the contributing authors for their valuable contributions as well as Melanie MacDonald and Waleed Babary for proofreading thebook.Wewouldalsoliketothanktheserieseditorsfortheirsupportandpositive comments. Finally, we would like to thank Barbara Fess and Marion Kreisel at Springer, Heidelberg, for their ongoing support and prompt replies to several queries. v Contents 1 Introduction:Resilience—ConceptsandGeography. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 TeresadeNoronha,EricVaz,andHugoPinto PartI TheoreticalFoundations 2 EvolutionaryComplexityGeographyandtheFutureofRegional InnovationandGrowthPolicies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 PhilipCooke 3 EvolutionaryResilienceShiftingTerritorialDevelopment Paradigms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 CarlosGonçalves PartII TheMultilevelAspectsofResilience 4 EconomicCrisis,TurbulenceandtheResilienceofInnovation: InsightsfromtheAtlanticMaritimeCluster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 HugoPinto,ElviraUyarra,MercedesBleda,CarlaNogueira, andHelenaAlmeida 5 Innovation,RegionsandEmploymentResilienceinSweden. . . . . . 81 CharlieKarlssonandPhilippeRouchy 6 DiversifyingMediterraneanTourismasaStrategyforRegional ResilienceEnhancement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 AndréSamora-Arvela,EricVaz,JoãoFerrão,JorgeFerreira, andThomasPanagopoulos PartIII TowardsStrategiesforResilience 7 DesignSolutionsforResilience. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 DavideFassiandCarlaSedini vii viii Contents 8 OrganisationalInnovationsforScience-IndustryInteractions: TheEmergenceofCollaborativeResearchCentresinSpanish RegionalInnovationSystems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 SandroGiachiandManuelFernández-Esquinas 9 MergingEntropyinSelf-Organisation:AGeographical Approach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 EricVazandDragosBandur PartIV ResilienceandInnovation 10 InnovativeUrbanParadigmsforSustainabilityandResilience. . . . 189 ManuelaPiresRosa 11 InnovationasTransformation:IntegratingtheSocio-ecological PerspectivesofResilienceandSustainability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 KarlBruckmeierandIvaPires 12 TerritorialInnovationModels:WhichConsequencesinTerms ofPolicyDesignforPeripheralRegions?APortuguese Perspective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 DomingosSantos 13 Conclusion:Resilience—What’sNext?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 EricVaz,TeresadeNoronha,andHugoPinto Chapter 1 — Introduction: Resilience Concepts and Geography TeresadeNoronha,EricVaz,andHugoPinto 1.1 The Emergence of the Concept The notion of resilience emerges as a possibility to comprehend how different systems deal with shocks. It raises important issues regarding public policies and socioeconomicprograms.Resiliencehasobtainedaconsiderabledegreeofattention overthelastyears. The concept recalls the vision of physics and natural sciences, referring to the stabilityofmaterials,itsresistancetoexternalshocks,andthecapacityofthesystem of returning to the pre-shock state after suffering the impact. During the 1970s, Hollingpublishedaninfluentialworkinwhichheappliedtheconceptofresilienceto ecosystems, focusing on a system’s ability to absorb shocks and retain structural functions.Hollingunderstoodresilienceasameasureofthepersistenceofsystems and the ability to absorb change and disturbance while maintaining relationships betweenpopulationsorgovernmentalvariables. Recently,however,resiliencehasbecomeamoreprominentterm,mainlydueto the financial and economic crisis, which has resulted in an understanding of the conceptthatgoesbeyondthestrictlyecologicalaspects;resiliencehasgainedamore socioeconomiccharacter.Inthislastcase,arobustsystemisonethatcanwithstand strenuous system-shocks and re-stabilize itself, despite not precisely at the same equilibriumpointasthestatusquobefore.Theproblemwiththisdefinitionisthat,by consideringmerelyequilibrium,resiliencewillalwaysrevolvearoundgettingback T.deNoronha(*)·H.Pinto FacultyofEconomics,UniversityoftheAlgarve,Faro,Portugal e-mail:[email protected];[email protected] E.Vaz DepartmentofGeographyandEnvironmentalStudies,RyersonUniversity,Toronto,ON, Canada e-mail:[email protected] ©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG,partofSpringerNature2018 1 H.Pintoetal.(eds.),ResilienceandRegionalDynamics,AdvancesinSpatial Science,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95135-5_1 2 T.deNoronhaetal. to a specific trajectory or point without taking into consideration alternative path- waysor,inotherwords:adaptation,change,andevolution.Thisisthereasonwhy manyauthorsdonotrelyonthismeaningofresilience.Theyprefertoemphasizethe evolutionary, multi-equilibrium perspective that allows systems to recover from shocks, not by only by going back to the previous states, but also by creating new alternatives. The evolutionary approach to regional resilience focuses on the long-term capacity of regions to deal with shocks. It can be said that, in an evolutionary framework,resilienceisnotamerepropertyorgoal,butratheranon-goingprocess. Evolutionaryresilienceadmitsthatoftenaregionaleconomy,asacomplexadaptive system,cannotreturntothestateitwasbeforetheshockinsomeinstances.Insuch cases,anewpointofequilibriummustbefound,andpreferablyonethatcouldbeas efficient or, if possible, even more advantageous than the former. Inspired by this evolutionary perspective, an entirely new area of research on resilience begins to emergeinsocioeconomicstudies. 1.2 Pioneering Work on Resilience in Psychology Mostofthepioneeringworkrelatedtosocialsciences,ashighlycomplexsystems, haditsveryoriginonthemorerecentdevelopmentsmadebypsychologists.Inthe scientificfield,theconceptreportsaspecifickindofstrengthoriginatedbyfragility andbecomesavibrantandpromissoryconceptforsocialsciencesinwhichmarginal, deprivedsocialcontexts,strugglingforsurvival,canfindtoolstogrowandsurvive thecompetition. To advance a research agenda for resilience and innovation, we first justify the goal of this book with so many contributions from sociologists and economists. A view over some facts related to the psychological approach of resilience are pro- vided,andparallelismofthosewiththesocialcontextisconducted. Norman Garmezy, a developmental psychologist, studied large samples of children for decades’, observing how, in some cases, they excel regardless of the difficult circumstances they were exposed to. His primary goal was to focus on schoolsfromeconomicallydepressedareasandtosearchforadaptiveandsuccessful children,despitedifficultbackgrounds. Resilienceoffersastrangechallenge:itisnotanattributeevaluatedonanytest.It evolves as life reveals. If no adversity occurs, it will not be possible to detect how resilient one is. It is only when confronted with hindrances, obstacles or environ- mentalthreatsthatresilience,orthelackofit,emerges. Along the several decades and studies related to psychological resilience, some direct causes for resilience have been identified: individual, psychological factors (reflectingsomedispositionandexternal)andenvironmentalfactors,whicharemore relatedtoarandomsetofcircumstances. In1982and2001,EmmyWernerdiscussedandpublishedtheresultsofa30year long project, allowing the identification of several factors of resilience out of the
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