Residue Reviews: Residues of Pesticides and Other Contaminants in the Total Environment PDF
Preview Residue Reviews: Residues of Pesticides and Other Contaminants in the Total Environment
RESIDUE REVIEWS VOLUME46 RESIDUE REVIEWS Residues of Pesticides and Other Contaminants in the Total Environment Editor FRANCIS A. GUNTHER Assistant Editor JANE DAV IES GUNTHER Riverside, California ADVISORY BOARD F. BXR, Berlin, Germany · F. BRo-RAsMUSSEN, Seborg, Denmark D. G. CROSBY, Davis, California · S. DoRMAL-VAN DEN BRUEL, Bruxelles, Belgium C. L. DUNN, Wilmington, Delaware · H. EGAN, London, England H. FREHSE, Leverkusen-Bayerwerk, Germany · K. FUKUNAGA, Tokyo, Japan H. GEISSBUHLER, Basel, Switzerland · S. A. HALL, Beltsville, Maryland H. HuRTIG, Ottawa, Canada · O. R. KLIMMER, Bonn, Germany G. K. KoHN, Richmond, California · H. F. LINSKENS, Nijmegen, The Netherlands N. N. MELNIKOV, Moscow, U.S.S.R. • R. MESTRES, Montpellier, France P. DE PIETRI-TONELLI, Milano, ltaly · 1. S. TAYLOR, Melbourne, Australia R. TRUHAUT, Paris, France · 1. ZrEGLER, Munchen, Germany VOLUME46 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 1973 Coordinating Board of Editors FRANCIS A. GuNTHER, Editor Residue Reviews Department of Entomology University of California Riverside, California 92502 JoHN W. HYLIN, Editor Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Department of Agricultura! Biochemistry University of Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Lours LYKKEN, Editor Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2932 Oxford Ave. Richmond, California 94806 AU rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from Springer-Verlag. © 1973 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. in 1973. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1973 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 62-18595. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trade marks, etc. in this publi cation, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. ISBN 978-3-662-39250-8 ISBN 978-3-662-40267-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-40267-2 Preface That residues of pesticide and other contaminants in the total environ ment are of concern to everyone everywhere is attested by the reception accorded previous volumes of "Residue Reviews" and by the gratifying enthusiasm, sincerity, and efforts shown by all the individuals from whom manuscripts have been solicited. Despite much propaganda to the contrary, there can never be any serious question that pest-control chemicals and food-additive chemicals are essential to adequate food production, manu facture, marketing, and storage, yet without continuing surveillance and intelligent control some of those that persist in our foodstuffs could at times conceivably endanger the public health. Ensuring safety-in-use of these many chemicals is a dynamic challenge, for established ones are continually being displaced by newly developed ones more acceptable to food technologists, pharmacologists, toxicologists, and changing pest-con trol requirements in progressive food-producing economies. These matters are of genuine concern to increasing numbers of govern mental agencies and legislative bodies around the world, for some of these chemicals have resulted in a few mishaps from improper use. Adequate safety-in-use evaluations of any of these chemicals persisting into our food stuffs are not simple matters, and they incorporate the considered judg ments of many individuals highly trained in a variety of complex biol ogica!, chemical, food technological, medical, pharmacological, and toxi cological disciplines. It is hoped that "Residue Reviews" will continue to serve as an in tegrating factor both in focusing attention upon those many residue matters requiring further attention and in collating for variously trained readers present knowledge in specific important areas of residue and related en deavors involved with other chemical contaminants in the total environ ment. The contents of this and previous volumes of "Residue Reviews" illustrate these objectives. Since manuscripts are published in the order in which they are received in final form, it may seem that some important aspects of residue analytical chemistry, biochemistry, human and animal medicine, legislation, pharmacology, physiology, regulation, and toxicology are being neglected; to the contrary, these apparent omissions are recog nized, and some pertinent manuscripts are in preparation. However, the field is so large and the interests in it are so varied that the editors and the Advisory Board earnestly solicit suggestions of topics and authors to help make this international book-series even more useful and informative. V vi Preface "Residue Reviews" attempts to provide concise, critica! reviews of timely advances, philosophy, and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of residues of these and other foreign chemicals in any segment of the environment. These reviews are either general or specific, but properly they may lie in the domains of analytical chemistry and its methodology, biochemistry, human and animal medicine, legislation, pharmacology, physiology, regulation, and toxicology; certain affairs in the realm of food teChnology concerned specifically with pesticide and other food-additive problems are also appropriate subject matter. The justification for the preparation of any review for this book-series is that it deals with some aspect of the many real problems arising from the presence of any "foreign" chemicals in our surroundings. Thus, manuscripts may encompass those matters, in any country, which are involved in allow ing pesticide and other plant-protecting chemicals to be used safely in producing, storing, and shipping crops. Added plant or animal pest-control chemicals or their metabolites that may persist into meat and other edible animal products (milk and milk products, eggs, etc.) are also residues and are within this scope. The so-called food additives (substances deliberately added to foods for flavor, odor, appearance, etc., as well as those inad vertently added during manufacture, packaging, distribution, storage, etc.) are also considered suitable review material. In addition, contaminant chemicals added in any manner to air, water, soil, or plant or animal life are within this purview and these objectives. Manuscripts are normally contributed by invitation and should be in English; French or German manuscripts will be considered under exceptional circumstances. Preliminary communication with the editors 1s necessary before volunteered reviews are submitted in manuscript form. Department of Entomology F.A.G. University of California J.D.G. Riverside, California 92502 January 24, 1973 Foreword The following remarks include, in the general part, considerations of problems whim arise from the application of organophosphate esters on edible domestic animals. The special part was thought to be a casuistic collection in order to underset the problems with quan titative data. Since residue numbers of certain residue quantities alone are usually not satisfactory, additional selected data of toxicity and metabolic and excretion processes were included in the text. This was done to round off the picture. It was possible that we did not succeed in surveying and registering ali the reports of the world literature, a claim whim the authors did not want to intimate; however, they hope to contribute with this survey to the conveyance of knowledge and they have tried to impart an easy understanding, also, for the non-specialist professional worker by including formulas, information of use, etc. This was done at the risk of repeating, inevitably, some facts whim had already been dealt with in Residue Reviews. ·~ The attempt of the authors to compare generally the different literature reports of some authors in a critica! form-for instance in tables was very quickly given up with the exception of, for example, Cou maphos, since time, dosages, mode of application, and other factors varied too mum. The reports of data from the literature were possible only in the continuous text. Here, we tried to follow a certain order, for instance, of the animals: mouse, rat, sheep, cattle, etc.; or to con sider the means of application for the respective kinds of animals. The metabolism and residue data from smaller test animals serve the purpose of comparison only. We are grateful to numerous firms for submitting literature or reports of unpublished data. The following remains tobe said for understanding the next: 1. The designation ® for trade-mark was omitted; however, this does not mean that there is not adequate legal protection. 2. The reports of alternate names do not claim to be complete; they are only a reference to the numerous synonyms in the literature whim generally complicate the survey-as well as in trade and, here again, names differ according to application taking place either in plant protection or in veterinary medicine. * Editor's note: See especially voi. 36 "Chemistry of pesticides." vii viii Foreword 3. The discussions of specific organophosphate esters follow the alphabet. 4. The denotations are based on the German spelling. 5. Denotations which do not exist in the German language are cited in the originallanguage. 6. Special abbreviations: a.t. = active ingredient ADI = acceptable daily intake ChE = cholinesterase EC = emulsive concentrate glc = gas liguid chromatography t.m. = intramuscular t.p. = intraperitoneal t.v. = intravenous ftg. = mtcrogram ng. = nanogram p.p.m. = parts per million s.c. = subcutaneous TLC = thin-layer chromatography WP = wettable powder Institute for Pharmacology, K. Kaemmerer Toxicology, and Pharmacy S. Buntenkotter of the Tierărztliche Hochschule Hanover, West Germany Table of Contents The problem of residues in meat of edible domestic animals after application or intake of organophosphate esters By K. KAEMMERER and S. BuNTENKOTTER 1 Subject Index . . . . . . . . . • . 243 ix The problem of residues in meat of edible domestic animals after application or intake of organophosphate esters By K. KAEMMERER * and S. BuNTENKOTTER * Contents 1. lntroduction and review of residue problems . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 a) General considerations . • . • • • • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 b) Problems of pesticides and metabolites • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • 3 c) General criteria for judgment • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4 d) About the intake of effective substances by animals • • • • • . • • • • • 4 e) General problems of intake by human beings • . . • . • • • • • • • • • • 5 f) Measures of legislation . • • • . . • • • • • . • • . . • • . . • • • • • • . 1O g) Organophosphate esters in meat and criteria for residue questions • • • 11 h) Remarks about the analytical methods • . • • . . • • . • • • • • • • • • . 18 i) Summarized review • . • • . . . • . . • . . • • . . • . • . • • • • . . . • 30 II. Data on the problem of residues • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 32 a) General comments • . . • . . . • • . • • • . • • . • • • • • • . • . • • • • 32 b) Short remarks about the metabolism of organophosphate esters • . • • . 33 c) Residue data from available literature • . . . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . 36 1. Abate • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • . • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • 36 2. Azinphosmethyl • • . • . • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 39 3. Azodrin . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • 40 4. Bidrin • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • . . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • 41 5. Bromophos • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • 45 6. Carbophenothion • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 46 7. Chlorfenvinfos • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 47 8. Ciodrin • • • • • • • • • . • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 51 9. Colep • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 52 10. Coroxon • • • • • • • • . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • 53 11. Coumaphos • • • • • . • • • . . • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • 54 12. DDVP • . . • • • • • • . • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 72 * Institute for Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy of the Tierărztliche Hoch schule, Hannover, W. Germany. Translated from German by Annemarie Westlake; trans lation edited by authors. 1
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