Residential Construction Academy: Plumbing

690 Pages·2011·47.76 MB·English

by  Michael Joyce

R E S I D E N T I A L C O N S T R U C T I O N A C A D E M Y
Plumbing
Second Edition
MICHAEL A. JOYCE
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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Residential Construction Academy: © 2012, 2005 Delmar, Cengage Learning
Plumbing, Second Edition
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Michael A. Joyce
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Printed in the United States of America
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Table of Contents
Preface ..........................................................xiii Copper Flaring Tools ...........................................19
Introduction ...................................................xxv Copper Tubing Benders .......................................20
Torch Regulator Assemblies .................................21
Flexible Pipe Crimping Tools ................................22
S E C T I O N 1
Plumb Bobs ......................................................23
Tools and Materials ....1
Chalk Boxes ......................................................23
Torque Wrenches ................................................23
Personal Protection Equipment...........................24
CHAPTER 1
Eye Protection ...................................................24
Plumber’s Toolbox ..................... 3
Face Protection .................................................25
Hand Protection ................................................26
Glossary of Terms .............................................. 4
Knee Protection .................................................27
Hand Tools ....................................................... 5
Foot Protection .................................................27
Levels ................................................................6
Inhalation Protection .........................................27
Tape Measures .....................................................7
First Aid Kit ......................................................28
Squares ..............................................................8
Hard Hats .........................................................28
Screwdrivers ........................................................8
Summary .........................................................29
Pliers .................................................................9
Procedure 1–1 Level Use.........................................30
Adjustable Wrenches ............................................9
Procedure 1–2 Ruler Reading ..................................32
Pipe Wrenches ...................................................10
Procedure 1–3 Folding Ruler Layout .........................33
Hammers ..........................................................11
Procedure 1–4 Framing Square Layout ......................34
Plastic Pipe Saws ...............................................12
Procedure 1–5 Pipe Wrench Use ...............................35
Plastic Pipe Cutters ............................................12
Procedure 1–6 Plastic Pipe Cutting ...........................36
Inside Plastic Pipe Cutters ...................................13
Procedure 1–7 Basin Wrench Use .............................37
Metal-Cutting Saws ............................................14
Wallboard Saws ..................................................14 Review Questions .............................................38
Aviation Snips ...................................................15
Nail Pullers .......................................................15 CHAPTER 2
Knives ..............................................................16
Power Tools.............................. 40
Chisels .............................................................16
Basin Wrenches .................................................17 Glossary of Terms .............................................41
Basket Strainer Tools ..........................................17 General Safety .................................................42
Copper Pipe Cutters (Tubing Cutters) .....................18 Electrical Safety .................................................42
iii
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CHAPTER 3
Types of Pipe ............................ 65
Glossary of Terms .............................................66
Pipe Diameters ................................................68
Plastic Pipe .....................................................69
PVC Pipe ...........................................................69
CPVC Pipe .........................................................71
ABS Pipe ..........................................................72
Polyethylene Pipe ..............................................72
PEX Pipe ...........................................................73
Other Pipe Materials .........................................74
Copper Tube ......................................................74
Ladder Safety ....................................................43
Cast Iron Pipe ...................................................76
Fall Protection ...................................................45
Steel Pipe .........................................................77
Ear Protection ...................................................45
Brass Pipe.........................................................78
Drills ..............................................................46
Perforated Pipe ..................................................78
Right Angle Drill ................................................47
Corrugated Stainless
Pistol Drill ........................................................47
Steel Tube .....................................................79
Hole Hawg ........................................................48
Summary .........................................................80
Hammer Drill .....................................................48
Green Checklist ................................................81
Drill Bits .........................................................49
Review Questions .............................................81
Twist Bits .........................................................49
Know Your Codes ..............................................83
Auger Bits ........................................................50
Speed Bits ........................................................50
CHAPTER 4
Power Bore Bits .................................................51
Fittings ..................................... 84
Hole Saw Bits ....................................................51
Masonry Bits .....................................................52
Glossary of Terms .............................................85
Step Bits ..........................................................53
Degree of Fittings ............................................86
Saws ...............................................................53
Various Fitting Designs .....................................87
Reciprocating Saws ............................................54
Offsets .............................................................88
Circular Saws .....................................................54
Tees .................................................................88
Saber Saws .......................................................55
Couplings .........................................................89
Portable Band Saws ............................................56
Grinders ..........................................................56
Powder-Actuated Tools ......................................57
Air Compressors ...............................................58
Jackhammers ...................................................59
Summary .........................................................59
Procedure 2–1 Hole Saw Finished Surface Drilling .......60
Procedure 2–2 Saw Blade Selection ..........................61
Review Questions .............................................62
What’s Wrong with
This Picture? ................................................64
iv
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Reducers ..........................................................90
Bushings ..........................................................90
Male Adapters ...................................................91
Female Adapters ................................................91
Unions .............................................................92
Water Distribution Systems ...............................93
Water Distribution Fittings ..................................93
PEX ..................................................................94
CPVC ................................................................95
Copper .............................................................95
Polyethylene .....................................................96
Galvanized and Brass ..........................................96
PVC..................................................................97
Gate Valve .......................................................118
Drainage Waste and
Stop ...............................................................119
Vent Systems ................................................97
Stop-and-Waste Valve ........................................121
Wye .................................................................99
Gas Cock ..........................................................122
Combo ............................................................100
Hose Outlets ..................................................123
Sanitary Tee .....................................................100
Boiler Drain .....................................................123
Sanitary Cross ..................................................101
Hose Bibb ........................................................124
Twin Elbow ......................................................101
Reactionary Valves
Test Tee ...........................................................102
and Devices ................................................125
Cleanout ..........................................................102
Pressure-Reducing Valve .....................................126
Closet Bend .....................................................103
Relief Valve ......................................................127
Heel Inlet 90° ..................................................103
Check Valve ......................................................128
Closet Flange ...................................................104
Vacuum Breaker ................................................129
P-Trap .............................................................104
Vacuum-Relief Valve ..........................................130
Trap Adapter ....................................................105
Reduced-Pressure Zone ......................................130
PVC.................................................................105
Summary .......................................................132
ABS ................................................................106
Review Questions ...........................................133
Cast Iron .........................................................106
What’s Wrong with
Corrugated Stainless
This Picture ................................................136
Steel Tubing Fittings ......................................107
Summary .......................................................108
Procedure 4–1 Tee Size Identification Procedure ........109
S E C T I O N 2
Procedure 4–2 Reducing Tee Creation
Fixtures and
Procedure ...........................................................110
Review Questions ...........................................111
Equipment ...............137
Know Your Codes ............................................113
CHAPTER 5
CHAPTER 6
Valves and Devices ................. 114
Fixtures .................................. 139
Glossary of Terms ...........................................115
Glossary of Terms ...........................................140
Isolation Valves .............................................116
Fixture Types .................................................141
Ball Valve ........................................................117
v
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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Shower Drains ..................................................182
Kitchen Sink Basket Strainers..............................184
Laundry Sink Basket Strainers .............................185
Bidet Drain Assemblies ......................................187
Summary .......................................................189
Green Checklist ..............................................190
Review Questions ...........................................190
What’s Wrong with
This Picture? ..............................................192
CHAPTER 8
Plumbing Equipment
and Appliances ....................... 193
Glossary of Terms ...........................................194
Appliance Connections ....................................195
Garbage Disposers .............................................195
Dishwashers .....................................................199
Toilets .............................................................142 Washing Machine Box ........................................201
Lavatory Sinks ..................................................145 Icemaker Box ...................................................202
Bathtubs .........................................................148 Residential Water Heaters ...............................202
Showers ..........................................................148 Gas Water Heaters .............................................203
Kitchen Sinks ...................................................152 Tankless Water Heaters ......................................210
Laundry Sinks ...................................................155 Electric Water Heaters ........................................211
Bidets .............................................................156 Solar Water Heaters ........................................216
Summary .......................................................157 System Protection ..........................................220
Green Checklist ..............................................158 Lined Pipe Nipples ............................................220
Review Questions ...........................................158 Anode Rod .......................................................220
Know Your Codes ............................................160 Expansion Tanks ...............................................221
Summary .......................................................223
CHAPTER 7 Green Checklist ..............................................224
Review Questions ...........................................224
Faucets and Drain
Assemblies .............................. 161
Glossary of Terms ...........................................162
Faucets .........................................................163
Lavatory Faucets ...............................................166
Bathtub and Shower Faucets ...............................168
Kitchen Sink Faucets .........................................173
Laundry Sink Faucets .........................................175
Bidet Faucets ...................................................178
Drain Assemblies ............................................179
Lavatory Drain Assemblies ..................................179
Bathtub Drain Assemblies ...................................180
vi
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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S E C T I O N 3
Layout and
Installation ..............227
CHAPTER 9
Blueprint Reading
and Drafting ........................... 229
Glossary of Terms ...........................................230
Plumbing Symbols ..........................................231
90° Offsets ......................................................231
45° Offsets ......................................................232
Tees ................................................................232
Perpendicular Tee Configuration ..........................233
P-Trap .............................................................234
Oral Communication ..........................................271
Piping .............................................................235
Material Organization .....................................272
Caps, Reducers, and Plugs ..................................235
Palletizing .......................................................273
Valves and Devices ............................................236
Bagging and Tagging .........................................273
Fixtures ...........................................................236
Material Handling ...........................................274
Equipment and Drains ........................................237
Vehicle Racks ...................................................275
Abbreviations ................................................237
Layout ..........................................................276
Architectural Blueprints ..................................243
Underground Layout .......................................278
Architectural Symbols ........................................245
Wall Layout ......................................................279
Drafting ........................................................250
Trench Layout ..................................................281
Drafting Tools ................................................251
Above-Ground Layout ......................................282
Scale Rulers .....................................................251
Fixture Locations ..............................................283
Drafting Triangles .............................................252
Floor Joist Conflicts ..........................................283
Symbol Templates .............................................255
Wall Layout ......................................................285
Drafting Papers .................................................256
Manufacturer
Isometric Drafting ..........................................258
Rough-In Sheet .............................................287
Riser Diagrams ..................................................262
Summary .......................................................289
Summary .......................................................264
Green Checklist ..............................................290
Green Checklist ..............................................265
Procedure 10–1 Edge Form Layout Procedure ............290
Review Questions ...........................................265
Review Questions ...........................................293
CHAPTER 10
CHAPTER 11
Material Organization
Water Service Installation ....... 295
and Layout ............................. 268
Glossary of Terms ...........................................296
Glossary of Terms ...........................................269 Water Source .................................................297
Communication ..............................................270 Public Water System ..........................................298
Written Communication .....................................270 Private Water System .........................................300
vii
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
Wall Layout ......................................................327
Toilets .............................................................327
Lavatories ........................................................328
Bathtubs .........................................................328
Showers ..........................................................330
Kitchen Sinks ...................................................331
Drilling and Notching .....................................333
Walls ...............................................................333
Joists ..............................................................336
Hangers and Supports .....................................339
Types ..............................................................340
Compounds and Sealants .................................341
Material Safety Data Sheets ................................347
EPA Standards ................................................300 Sealants ..........................................................347
Water Quality ...................................................302 Flux and Solder .................................................348
Water Filtration ................................................303 Soldering .........................................................349
Water Service Installation ...............................303 Brazing ...........................................................350
Trench Safety ...................................................304 Flaring ............................................................351
Burial- Depth Requirements .................................307 Working with Flexible Tubing ..............................351
Water Meter Connection .....................................308 Manifold Systems ..............................................352
Well Connection ................................................309 Connection Types ..............................................353
House Connection .............................................310 Working with Plastic Pipe ...................................354
Same Trench with Sewer .....................................313 Cutting ...........................................................354
Same Elevation .................................................313 Solvent-Welding ...............................................354
Different Elevation ............................................313 Testing ..........................................................355
Perpendicular Installation ..................................314 Summary .......................................................357
Summary .......................................................314 Green Checklist ..............................................358
Green Checklist ..............................................315 Procedure 12–1 Determining the Volume of
Procedure 11–1 Installing a Water Service in the Different Pipe Sizes ..........................................358
Same Trench as a Sewer .....................................315 Procedure 12–2 Determining the Percentages of a
Review Questions ...........................................317 Hole Diameter and Notch ...................................361
Know Your Codes ............................................319
What’s Wrong with
This Picture ................................................320
CHAPTER 12
Water Distribution
Installation ............................. 321
Glossary of Terms ...........................................322
Layout and Sizing ...........................................323
Pipe Sizing ......................................................323
Sizing Theory ...................................................324
Job-Site Sizing .................................................326
viii
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
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