Residential construction academy : basic principles for construction

338 Pages·2020·37.307 MB·English

by  Mark W. Huth

Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States
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Principles for Construction, Fifth Edition
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TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Preface .....................................................x Ethics .....................................................19
About this Book .......................................xi Common Rationalizations ...................20
About the Author ................................... xvi Working on a Team . ................................20
Acknowledgments . ................................ xvi Communication .......................................20
Speaking . ...............................................22
S E C T I O N 1
Listening. ...............................................22
Writing ...................................................22
THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY Reading...................................................22
Body Language ........................................22
Customer Service ....................................23
CHAPTER 1
Cell Phones.........................................23
Organization of the Industry 5
Lifelong Learning....................................23
Glossary of Organization of the
Summary .................................................24
Industry Terms ......................................5
Review Questions ....................................25
Construction Personnel .............................6
Activities ................................................26
Unskilled or Semiskilled Labor ..................6
Skilled Trades ...........................................6
CHAPTER 3
Technicians ................................................7
Introduction to Green Building 33
Design and Management ............................9
An Overall View of Design and Construction ...9 Glossary of Introduction to Green
Forms of Ownership ................................11 Building Terms ....................................33
Sole Proprietorship .................................11 Aspects of Green Building . .....................33
Partnership .............................................11 Team Approach ....................................34
Corporation ............................................12 Site Selection, Lot Planning,
Building Codes .......................................12 and Preparation ..............................34
Unions and Contractors’ Associations ......14 House Design and Planning .................35
Unions ....................................................14 Energy Efficiency . ...............................35
Contractors’ Associations ........................15 Best Construction Practices ................36
Summary .................................................16 Weather Resistance—Durability .........36
Review Questions ....................................16 Water Conservation .............................36
Activities ................................................17 Green Product Selection . ....................37
Indoor Air Quality ..............................38
Homeowner Education and
CHAPTER 2
Reference Manual ...........................38
Working in the Industry 19
Reduce Material Use and Manage Waste ...39
Glossary of Working in the Industry Terms ...19
iv
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Table of Contents v
Green Certification Programs ..................39 Portable Ladders .....................................75
Future of Green Home Building ...............40 Choose the Right Ladder
Summary .................................................41 for the Job......................................75
Review Questions ....................................41 Safe Climbing Habits ..........................76
Activity ..................................................42 Internal Combustion Engines ..................77
Compressed Air .......................................77
Summary .................................................78
S E C T I O N 2
Review Questions ....................................78
Activities ................................................80
SAFETY
S E C T I O N 3
CHAPTER 4
Jobsite Safe- CONSTRUCTION MATH
ty 47
Glossary of Jobsite Safety Terms .............47 CHAPTER 6
Accidents ................................................48 Whole Numbers 87
Work Practices ........................................48
Basic Principles ......................................87
Working Conditions ................................49
Addition Problems ...................................87
Osha . ......................................................50
Subtraction Problems .............................88
Employees’ Responsibilities ....................50
Multiplication Problems ..........................89
Employers’ Responsibilities ....................50
Division Problems ...................................90
Osha Standards .......................................50
Combined Operations ..............................90
Personal Protective Equipment ................52
Hazard Communication Standard .............54
CHAPTER 7
Fire . .......................................................56
Decimals
The Fire Triangle . ...................................56
93
The Fire Tetrahedron ...............................56
Extinguishing Fires .................................57 Glossary of Decimals Terms ....................93
Trench Safety .........................................58 Basic Principles ......................................93
Material Handling ...................................58 Addition and Subtraction of
Electricity ...............................................59 Decimal Fractions ...............................93
Electrical Fundamentals .........................59 Multiplication of Decimal Fractions ........96
Electrical Safety . ....................................59 Division of Decimal Fractions .................98
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters ............63
Avoiding Electric Shock . .........................65 CHAPTER 8
Summary .................................................68
Fractions 101
Review Questions ....................................68
Glossary of Fractions Terms ..................101
Activities ................................................70
Basic Principles ....................................101
Adding Fractions ...................................102
CHAPTER 5
Adding Mixed Numbers .........................102
Safety with Scaffolds, Ladders, Subtracting Fractions ............................103
and Machines 73 Multiplying Fractions ............................104
Glossary of Safety with Scaffolds, Dividing Fractions . ...............................104
Ladders, and Machines Terms ..............73 Decimal and Common Fraction
Scaffolds .................................................73 Equivalents .......................................106
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vi Table of Contents
CHAPTER 9 Systems of Measurement . .....................137
Linear Mea- Tape Measure ........................................138
Inspection and Defects ....................138
sure 109
Rafter Square .......................................139
Glossary of Linear Measure Terms .........109
Inspection and Defects ....................139
Reading a U.S. Customary Scale . ..........109
Stair Gauges .........................................139
Nominal Dimensions .............................111
Speed Square ........................................139
Combining Feet and Inches ..................111
Inspection and Defects ....................140
Metric System .......................................112
Combination Square .............................140
Perimeter Measure ...............................113
Inspection and Defects ....................140
Chalk Line Reel .....................................140
CHAPTER 10
Inspection and Defects ....................141
Percent (Percentage) 115
6-8-10 Method and Checking Diagonals ..141
Glossary of Percent (Percentage) Terms ...115 Spirit Level ..........................................141
Percent .................................................115 Inspection and Defects ....................142
Interest ................................................117 Builder’s Level ......................................142
Formulas ..........................................117 Measuring Elevations ........................143
Laser Level ...........................................144
CHAPTER 11 119
Measuring Elevations ........................144
AGlroesasa aryn odf Area and Volume terms ......119 Plumb Bob . ..........................................145
VAorelau mofe S quares and Rectangles . ..........119 Hammers ...............................................146
Area of Triangles ...................................122 Claw Hammer ........................................146
Area of Circles ......................................123 Inspection and Defects ........................146
Volume of Rectangular Solids, Bricklayer’s Hammer .............................146
Cubes, and Cylinders .........................123 Inspection and Defects ........................147
Sledgehammer . ....................................147
CHAPTER 12 Bars and Nail Pullers ............................147
Right Angles 125 Inspection and Defects ....................147
Screwdrivers .........................................148
Glossary of Right Angles terms .............125
Inspection and Defects ....................148
Basic Principles ....................................125
Pliers ...................................................148
6-8-10 Method .....................................127
Inspection and Defects ....................148
Wrenches . ............................................149
CHAPTER 13 Com-
Socket Wrenches ..................................149
bined Operations 129
Open-End Wrenches ..............................149
Basic Principles ....................................129
Box-End Wrenches ................................150
Nut Drivers ...........................................150
S E C T I O N 4
Adjustable Wrenches .............................150
Pipe Wrenches . ....................................150
TOOLS AND FASTENERS
Basin Wrenches . ...................................151
Inspection and Defects ........................151
CHAPTER 14 SAWS ....................................................151
Hacksaw . ..........................................151
Hand Tools—Selection,
Handsaw. ..........................................151
Use, and Care 137
Crosscut Saw .....................................152
Glossary of Hand Tools—Selection,
Rip saw . ...........................................152
Use, and Care Terms ..........................137
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Table of Contents vii
Coping Saw ....................................153 Nail Guns ..........................................171
Wallboard Saw ................................153 Inspection and Defects ...................172
Utility Knife ......................................153 Using a Nail Gun ............................172
Inspection and Defects ...................154 Powder-Actuated Tools ........................173
Snips ................................................154 Torches .............................................173
Inspection and Defects ...................154 Inspection and Defects ...................174
Pipe and Tubing Cutters ......................154 Safety with Torches ........................174
Inspection and Defects ...................155 Soldering a Pipe Fitting ..................174
Flaring Tool .......................................155 Summary ...........................................175
Operating Instructions ....................155 Review Questions ...............................175
Swaging Tool .....................................156 Activities ..........................................176
Summary ...........................................156
Review questions ...............................157
CHAPTER 16
Activities ..........................................158
Fasteners 179
Glossary of Fasteners Terms .................179
CHAPTER 15
Nails ................................................180
Power Tools— Construction, Driving Nails .................................180
Use, and Care 161 Common Nails ................................181
Glossary of Power Tools— Sinker Nails ...................................182
Construction, Use, and Care Terms ....161 Box Nails .......................................182
Power Tool Construction ......................162 Finishing Nails ...............................182
Motors ..........................................162 Casing Nails ...................................182
Cordless Tools ................................162 Duplex Nails ..................................182
Insulation and Grounding ................162 Roofing Nails .................................182
Pneumatic Tools .............................163 Masonry Nails ................................182
Bearings ........................................163 Staples .........................................182
Power Tool Safety ...............................163 Brads ............................................183
Portable Circular Saw ..........................164 Nail Gun Nails ................................183
Inspection and Defects ...................164 Screws ..............................................183
Crosscutting—Cutting Off a Wood Screws ..................................183
Piece of a Board .........................164 Drywall Screws ...............................183
Ripping .........................................165 Particleboard Screws and
Making Plunge Cuts ........................166 Deck Screws ...............................183
Jig Saw .............................................166 Sheet Metal Screws .........................184
Inspection and Defects ...................167 Lag Screws .....................................184
Using a Jig Saw ..............................167 Bolts ................................................184
Making Plunge Cuts ........................167 Cap Screws .....................................184
Reciprocating Saw ..............................168 Stove Bolts ....................................185
Inspection and Defects ...................168 Carriage Bolts ................................185
Using a Reciprocating Saw ...............168 Washers ........................................186
Drills ................................................168 Anchors ............................................186
Inspection and Defects ...................169 Wedge Anchors ...............................186
Using a Power Drill .........................170 Sleeve Anchors ...............................187
Using a Drill to Drive Screws ............170 Split-Fast Anchors ..........................187
Hammer Drills ................................171 Lag Shields ....................................187
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viii Table of Contents
Concrete Screws .............................187 CHAPTER 18
Hammer-Drive Anchors ....................188
Rigging 203
Split-Ribbed Plastic Anchors ............188
Glossary of Rigging Terms ...................203
Hollow-Wall Fasteners .....................188
Slings ...............................................203
Toggle Bolts ...................................189
Wire Rope .........................................204
Plastic Toggles ...............................189
Construction ..................................204
Molly Screws ..................................189
Wire Rope Cores .............................205
E-Z Anchors ...................................190
Lay and Rope Design .......................205
Summary ...........................................191
Inspection of Wire Rope ..................205
Review Questions ...............................191
Web Slings ........................................208
Activities ..........................................192
Construction ..................................208
Inspection of Synthetic Slings .........209
CHAPTER 17
Chain Slings ......................................212
Adhesives and Sealants 193
General Requirements for Use of
Glossary of Adhesives and All Slings ......................................215
Sealants Terms ...............................193 Effect of Angle on Sling
Adhesives .........................................193 Capacity ....................................218
Natural Adhesives ...........................194 Hardware Attachments ........................219
Synthetic Adhesives ........................194 Hooks ...........................................219
Common Construction Adhesives ..........195 Other Sling Hardware ......................219
Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) ..................195 Thimbles .......................................219
Using Pva Glue ...........................195 Wire Rope Clips ..............................220
Polyurethane Glue ..........................195 Crane Operations................................220
Using Polyurethane Glue ..............196 Summary ...........................................223
Epoxy ............................................196 Review Questions ...............................224
Using Epoxy Adhesives ................196 Activities ..........................................226
Construction Adhesive ....................196
Using Construction Adhesive ........196 S E C T I O N 5
Contact Cement ..............................197
Using Contact Cement to
PRINT READING
Adhere Plastic Laminate ..........198
Silicone ........................................198
CHAPTER 19
Using Silicone ............................198
Views 233
Sealants ............................................199
Silicone ........................................199 Glossary of Views Terms ......................233
Water-Based Caulks ........................199 Isometric Drawings ............................233
Synthetic Rubber Sealants ...............199 Oblique Drawings ...............................234
Butyl Sealant .................................199 Orthographic Projection ......................234
Summary ...........................................199 Summary ...........................................238
Review Questions ...............................200 Review Questions ...............................238
Activities ..........................................201 Activities ..........................................240
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